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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In situ, quantitative characterization of gelation and fusion mechanism in poly(vinyl chloride) plastisols by small angle light scattering (SALS) (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 1106-1112 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The present paper explores an effective means of characterizing structural changes of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) particles during gelation and fusion of PVC plastisols with small angle light scattering (SALS). The SALS method was shown to provide an in situ observation of swelling of PVC particles as well as quantitative information of average size of swollen particles while they are in progress of gelation and fusion. In addition, the SALS method enabled one to evaluate the relative solvent power of plasticizers from the manner of increase in the correlation distances.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760351306
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of bisphenol monomer structure on the surface morphology and reverse osmosis (RO) performance of thin-film-composite membranes composed of polyphenyl esters (1996)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 34 (1996), S. 2201-2208 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Polyphenyl ester thin-film-composite membranes ; structure ; atomic force microscopic (AFM) morphology ; reverse osmosis (RO) characteristics ; structure-morphology-performance relationships ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Four reverse osmosis (RO) composite membranes, in which thin-film active layers were polyphenyl esters, were prepared by interfacial polymerization of a series of bisphenol monomers and trimesoyl chloride (TMC). An atomic force microscope (AFM) was used to investigate the surface morphology and RO experiments were carried out to measure the rejection and flux characteristics of the membranes. Correlations between the inherent chemical nature of bisphenols possessing structural variations in the middle of phenyl rings and the surface morphology/RO performance of the membranes were studied. Polarity of the connectors between two phenyl rings of bisphenols played an important role in determining the surface morphology and RO performance. Nonpolar bisphenol gave a morphology of uniform, distinct nodular corrugation and a superior RO rejection but a relatively low flux, while the polar one resulted in an irregular, ambiguous nodule structure and a high flux. The size of the bisphenol connectors was also found to be important; the smaller one was more favorable for the formation of membrane with better salt rejection, while the larger one contributed to higher flux. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic mechanical and solid-state NMR determination of molecular-scale heterogeneity in a raw elastomer, a microcrystalline polymer, and their blend (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 709-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: molecular-scale heterogeneity ; dynamic viscoelastic behavior ; CP/MAS 13C nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation ; proton spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame, T1ρ ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Dynamic mechanical and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analyses have been used to assess a molecular-scale heterogeneity in a raw elastomer (butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymer elastomer, NBR), a microcrystalline polymer (poly(vinyl chloride), PVC), and their 50/50 blend. The presence of the microcrystalline heterogeneity in PVC and in the blend was characterized by the temperature dependence of the frequency-swept dynamic mechanical behavior. The NMR T1ρ relaxation experiments with cross-polarization (CP) and magic-angle spinning (MAS) revealed that (1) NBR contained a substantial fraction (ca. 27%) of a molecular-scale heterogeneity identified as butadiene blocks, (2) the fraction of microcrystallites in PVC was ca. 14%, (3) pure phases of both component polymers were present in the blend, dispersed in the mixed matrix, (4) the upper limit of the heterogeneous domains was estimated to be ca. 2.4 nm, and (5) fractions of heterogeneity tend to increase upon blending, indicating that the solubility of the butadiene block and syndiotactic PVC block decreases in the blend. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys, 35: 709-716, 1997
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural changes of PVC plastisols in progress of gelation and fusion as investigated with temperature-dependent viscoelasticity, morphology, and light scattering (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 1683-1690 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The structural changes of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) plastisols during mixing of PVC with a plasticizer was investigated; as the temperature was increased, the system was found to transform from a suspension of solid particles in a liquid medium to a swollen gel and ultimately to a fused homogeneous matrix. The dynamic viscoelastic measurements were utilized to continuously monitor the changes of moduli under a controlled heating rate, employing a mechanical spectrometer. Characteristic changes in the viscoelastic behavior were associated with changes in particulate morphology as observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Both viscoelastic and morphological observations were shown to provide details of structural changes in conjunction with the behavior of the PVC-plasticizer interaction, enabling a qualitative discrimination of the gelation and fusion processes. An in situ small-angle light-scattering (SALS) method was performed to make a quantitative estimate for the swollen particles of PVC while they were in the progress of gelation and fusion. From the manner of increase in correlation distances, along with the changes in viscoelastic moduli and morphology, the swelling behavior of the particulate structures were examined on the quantitative basis and brief insight into the complex behavior of the PVC-plasticizer interaction began to be unfolded. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070551208
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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