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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxidative Brain Damage in Aged Mice. Protection by Caloric Reduction (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 765 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb16593.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of Anxiolytic Action of Ondansetron in Rats during Withdrawal from Chronic Chlordiazepoxide (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 654 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1992.tb26003.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined Toxicity of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin and α-Methyl-3,4-dihydroxy-1-phenylalanine (Methyl-dopa) (1964)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 202 (1964), S. 1226-1226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Crystalline Staphylococcus enterotoxin was dissolved in phosphate buffer (0-02 M, pH. 7-2). oc-Methyl-3,4-dihydroxy-1-phenylalanine (methyl-dopa) was dissolved in water acidified by hydrochloric acid in order to effect solutions. LD50 values were estimated by the Reed and Muench method3 from the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2021226a0
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Sensory Stimuli on Amphetamine Toxicity in Aggregated Mice (1964)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 201 (1964), S. 1037-1037 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Male Swiss albino mice weighing 20-28 g were used. Food and water were supplied ad lib. except during the experimental period. Animals were housed in groups of ten prior to use. Environmental temperature was maintained at 24 ± 1 C. D-Amphetamine sulphate was administered intraperitoneally in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/2011037b0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lethal Effects of Aggregation and Electric Shock in Mice treated with Cocaine (1965)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 208 (1965), S. 295-296 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Cocaine, like amphetamine, also blocks the tissue uptake of norepinephrine in vitro10'11 and in vivo12*14. The present report describes the lethal properties of sensory stimuli in the mice treated with cocaine. Swiss albino random-bred male mice weighing 25-28 g were placed in shock apparatus ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/208295a0
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generalization study with some narcotic and nonnarcotic durgs in rats trained for morphine-saline discrimination (1978)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 60 (1978), S. 103-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Narcotic discrimination ; Morphine ; Propoxyphene ; Fentanyl ; Sulfentanyl ; Alcohol ; Azaperone ; Clonidine ; Pentobarbital ; Naloxone ; Parachloroamphetamine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Rats were trained to lever-press on an FR-10 schedule for food reinforcement, and to respond differentially on two levers while discriminating the effects of morphine (10 mg/kg) injection from those of saline (1 ml/kg). Following discrimination training, the morphine stimulus was generalized to propoxyphene, methadone, fentanyl, and sulfentanyl in a dose-dependent manner, and saline was generalized to alcohol, pentobarbital, azaperone, clonidine, naloxone, and pchloroamphetamine. p-Chloroamphetamine failed to block the morphine stimulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429187
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversal by Narcotic Antagonist of a Narcotic Action elicited by a Conditional Stimulus (1974)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 247 (1974), S. 65-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We used male Long-Evans rats (200-250 g) housed individually in a room maintained at 21-23 C with lights alternating on a 12 h dark-light cycle. Food (Purina chow) and water were available ad libitum except during injections and when physiological measurements were being made. The rats were given ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/247065a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discriminative stimulus properties of pentylenetetrazol and bemegride: Some generalization and antagonism tests (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 64 (1979), S. 315-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Drug discrimination ; Pentylenetetrazol ; Anxiolytics ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Diazepam ; Flurazepam ; Clobazam ; Meprobamate ; Cocaine ; Nicotine ; CNS stimulants ; Bemegride ; d-Amphetamine ; Methylphenidate ; Anxiety
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In an operant procedure of lever pressing on a FR 10 schedule of food reinforcement, male hooded rats were trained to respond with a lever on one side of a food cup following a drug injection, and to respond with a lever on the alternate side following a 1ml/kg saline injection. All of 14 subjects learned to discriminate reliably between the effects of 20 mg/kg pentylene-tetrazol (PTZ) and saline. Seven of eight rats learned to discriminate between the effects of bemegride (5 mg/kg) and saline. None of 14 rats learned to discriminate between 5 mg/kg PTZ and saline. The bemegride discriminative stimulus generalized to PTZ (20 mg/kg) and was antagonized by chlordiazepoxide (10 mg/kg). Chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, flurazepam, clobazam, and meprobamate were all effective antagonists of PTZ in a dose-dependent manner. Bemegride and cocaine generalized to the PTZ discriminative stimulus in a dose-dependent manner, but d-amphetamine, methylphenidate, and nicotine did not. Since bemegride and PTZ are convulsants at higher doses, the discriminative stimulus properties of these drugs might be based on a subtle convulsive brain state. The anxiolytic properties of benzodiazepines and meprobamate suggest that the discriminative stimulus produced by these convulsants is related to an “anxiety-inducing” action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427516
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discriminative response control by naloxone in morphine pretreated rats (1981)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 72 (1981), S. 179-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Drug discrimination ; Naloxone ; Morphine ; Narcotic antagonist ; Narcotic with-drawal ; Cyclazocine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In an operant procedure using a lever press response 12 male, hooded rats were trained to discriminate 1.25 mg/kg naloxone from a saline injection. On certain days, according to a counterbalanced training schedule, naloxone was administered 8 h after 40 mg/kg morphine and 10 min prior to a trial in which food was available on an FR10 schedule from one of two levers in a dual lever operant chamber. On other days saline was administered 10 min prior to a trial in which food was made available by pressing the other lever. After criterion performance for acquisition of the discrimination had been reached, tests were carried out to determine its nature. Discrimination of naloxone was dose-dependent and was significantly diminished when naloxone was administered 36 h after morphine. Partial generalization of cyclazocine with naloxone was observed. Spontaneous withdrawal from morphine, tested during trials preceeded by an injection of saline instead of naloxone at various time intervals after morphine, did not generalize with the naloxone discriminative stimulus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431653
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensitivity of pentylenetetrazol discrimination increased by a stimulus fading technique (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 98 (1989), S. 460-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Diazepam ; Nicotine ; Cocaine ; Nikethamide ; Yohimbine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The interoceptive stimulus produced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) is pharmacologically similar to anxiety and is used in a behavioral assay for anxiety-related stimuli (the PTZ model of anxiety). The stimulus fading technique was tested as a method to increase the sensitivity of this assay. Rats were trained with food-reward to press one lever after injection of PTZ and an alternate lever after saline. Rats initially learned the discrimination at a PTZ dose of 20 mg/kg. They were then trained with sequentially lower doses until they reliably discriminated a PTZ dose of 10 mg/kg. Substitution test with other doses and drugs showed that, after the fading procedure, dose-response curves were shifted to lower doses for PTZ, Ro 5-3663, and nicotine. Similarly, the dose of diazepam required to block the low dose of PTZ was lower than that required to block the higher dose of PTZ. These results indicated that the sensitivity of the discrimination was enhanced in rats trained to discriminate a lower dose of PTZ. Doses of nikethamide, cocaine, and yohimbine that did not substitute for the higher dose of PTZ also did not substitute for the lower dose. These data suggest that rats can be trained to discriminate a low dose of PTZ by the stimulus fading technique. Moreover, they suggest that this training method does not compromise the specificity of the discrimination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441942
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