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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The generalizability of the dependence syndrome across substances: an examination of some properties of the proposed DSM-IV dependence criteria (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Addiction 89 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: DSM-III-R and proposed DSM-IV schemes for the diagnosis of psychoactive substance use disorders art-based largely mi the dependence syndrome concept. However there is an absence of empirical support for the generalizability of the dependence syndrome across substances, flits study examines how consistently proposed DSM-IV dependence criteria function to measure dependence across seven substances: alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, stimulants, hallucinogens, sedatives and opiates. Using structured research diagnostic interviews, dependence diagnoses were determined for 295 American subjects in treatment for alcohol/drug problems. Several factor analytic techniques were used la assess whether criteria fanned single dimensions and ham consistently individual criteria measured dependence across substances. The ability and consistency of criteria to measure a continuum of severity across substances were also assessed. Only subjects who used the substance at least six times were entered in the analyses. Overall, results provide strong support fur the DSM approach for alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, stimulants, sedatives and opiates, but not for hallucinogens. Results indicate that a single strong factor adequately described the criteria for these six substances. All criteria loaded strongly and uniformly on single factors indicating that all litre good measures of dependence. Criteria provided a dimensional measure of severity based on several indices for these substances. In addition, four criteria provided relatively stable indicators of high or tow severity across these substances. Results did not support the use of dependence criteria for Hallucinogens as these criteria did not form a single factor. Results suggest that very few hallucinogen users experience an inability to cut down or control use, a key indicator of loss of control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb02787.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lifetime DSM-IV diagnosis of alcohol, cannabis, cocaine and opiate dependence: six-month reliability in a multi-site clinical sample (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Addiction 89 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Psychiatric research increasingly emphasizes the diagnosis of symptoms and syndromes on a longitudinal basis. This study tests the reliability of lifetime DSM-IV diagnoses of alcohol, cannabis, cocaine and opiate dependence. The CIDI-SAM was administered at intervals not less than six months apart to a multi-site sample of 201 clinical respondents. The reliability of lifetime diagnosis of the syndromes, of the criteria which constitute the syndromes, and of the ages of onset reported for the criteria and for the dependence syndromes as a whole, were studied and the effects of patient characteristics suspected to degrade reliability were examined. There was generally good agreement, statistically, at both the syndrome and criterion level between the two interviews. Lifetime diagnoses for three of the drugs–alcohol, cannabis and opiates–were made at or near levels of agreement generally considered excellent under less strict testing conditions, and cocaine dependence was only marginally below this level. Most criteria showed good reliability and all delivered about equal results when averaged across the four substances, although a relationship between reliability and centrality of the symptom to the individual drug abuse pattern was found. Age of onset was almost uniformly highly reliable. Most patient characteristics bore no detectable relationship to reliability, although patients with multiple drug use patterns may warrant more careful probing by interviewers. Overall, these data indicate that lifetime symptoms and diagnoses can be queried reliably, although they must be reported with less confidence than current slate diagnoses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb02788.x
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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