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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of evidence of neurotoxicity following 8 weeks of treatment with tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 8 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objective: To search for evidence of subclinical neurotoxicity in patients treated with tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate. Design: Prospective, controlled, triplicate study using urinary bismuth concentration, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nerve conduction studies, visual evoked response and a battery of 10 neuropsychological screening tests. Setting: Out-patient clinics, Walsgrave Hospital, Coventry, UK. Subjects: Fourteen dyspeptic patients; 8 (treatment group) treated with tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate one tablet q.d.s and 6 (control group) treated with ranitidine 150 mg b.d. for 8 weeks. Main outcome measures: Changes in urinary bismuth, MRI, nerve conduction studies, visual evoked response, and neuropsychological tests performed before, immediately after and 8 weeks after the cessation of treatment. Results: In the treatment group the median (range) urinary bismuth concentration was 1 (1–12) ng/ml before treatment, increased to 560 (140–1300) immediately after treatment (P 〈 0.01, Wilcoxon Rank Sum test) and was still significantly elevated (23 (7–53) ng/ml) 8 weeks after the cessation of treatment. In the patient who recorded the highest urinary bismuth, a high intensity signal appeared in the globus pallidus immediately after treatment and was still present (though diminished in intensity) 8 weeks after the cessation of treatment. This isolated MRI finding was not associated with evidence of subclinical neurotoxicity. No changes in the MRI, nerve conduction studies, visual evoked response and neuropsychological tests were observed among the other patients studied. Conclusions: Bismuth accumulation occurs in patients receiving a conventional course of treatment with tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate but this is not associated with significant changes in the nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1994.tb00159.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early and late effects of low-dose famotidine, ranitidine or placebo on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion in man (1996)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 10 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: There are no published comparative studies on the effect of low-dose H2-antagonists on pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid secretion. Methods: Twenty-four healthy subjects were dosed with either famotidine 10 mg, ranitidine 75 mg or placebo in a balanced three-period cross-over design. The subjects were studied in groups of 12, simultaneously, under identical controlled environmental conditions. Gastric juice was aspirated in 15-min aliquots during sub-maximal (0.6 μg . h/kg) intravenous pentagastrin stimulation in the third and fourth hours (early period) and the eighth and ninth hours (late period) after oral dosing. The hydrogen ion (H+) content of gastric juice was measured ex vivo, by titrating to pH 7 known volumes of gastric aspirate against 0.1 m sodium hydroxide, using a versatile microprocessor-controlled auto-titration unit. Gastric acid output during the period of interest was calculated by adding the hydrogen ion content of 15-min aliquots collected during that period. The geometric mean of the cumulative pentagastrin-stimulated gastric acid output during the early and late periods was determined for the subjects dosed with either famotidine, ranitidine or placebo. Comparisons were performed by ANOVA. Results: During the early period (2–4 h post-dose), when the subjects were given placebo, mean gastric acid output was 46.6 mmol, decreasing by 76% to 11.3 mmol (P〈0.001) when treated with famotidine and by 76% to 11.1 mmol (P〈0.001) when treated with ranitidine. During the late period (7–9 h post-dose), when the subjects were dosed with placebo, mean gastric acid output was 41.2 mmol, decreasing by 38% to 25.7 mmol (P〈0.001) when treated with famotidine and by 27% to 30.0 mmol (P=0.007) when treated with ranitidine. The difference between the inhibitory effects of famotidine and ranitidine on gastric acid output were non-significant during either period. Conclusions: Low-dose famotidine and ranitidine, intended for over-the-counter use, inhibit stimulated gastric acid secretion profoundly in the third and fourth hours after an oral dose. Modest effects are still detectable up to 9 h after dosing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.1996.51193000.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of intestinal lymphoid tissue (1988)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 412 (1988), S. 365-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Jejunum ; Granular epithelial lymphocyte ; Coeliac disease ; Morphometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A proportion of epithelial lymphocytes in various mammalian species is characterised by cells containing cytoplasmic granules. We have studied the total number of granular lymphocytes within surface and crypt epithelium of jejunal mucosae (per 104 µm2 muscularis mucosae) from six groups of subjects, comprising (i) young healthy volunteers (ii) family relatives of known coeliac patients, patients with gastrointestinal disorders associated with either (iii) normal or (iv) “flat” mucosae, and groups of (v) untreated and (vi) treated patients with coeliac disease. There was no difference in the absolute number of gEL between the three control groups with normal mucosal architecture, the proportion of granular to total EL per unit of tissue varying between 30–40% . In untreated coeliac mucosae, there was a significantly increased population of gEL, compared with the same control groups (p〈0.001): the ratio of granular to total EL approximated 65%, and did not differ from flat-control mucosae in which the proportion of gEL was 55%. On withdrawal of gluten, the absolute number of gEL fell significantly in comparison with the untreated coeliac group (p〈 0.05). To further evaluate the effect of gluten challenge, granular lymphocytes were monitored during a five-day period in groups of treated coeliac patients orally challenged with increasing doses (500–3000 mg) of a peptic-tryptic digest of gluten. A significant rise in the absolute number of granular lymphocytes occurred at 12 h, but without any deterioration in mucosal architecture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750263
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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