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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of Interferon-β2/Interleukin-6 (IL-6) by Cytokine Administration and Detection of Circulating Interleukin-6 in the Tumor-bearing State (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 557 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb24008.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Kinetics of Interleukin-6 Induction by the Systemic Administration of rhTNF-α in Mice (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 557 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb24070.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cancer Immunotherapy Using Interleukin-2 and Interleukin-2-Activated Lymphocytes (1986)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 4 (1986), S. 681-709 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.iy.04.040186.003341
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin-7 (IL-7) in Colorectal Cancer: IL-7 is Produced by Tissues from Colorectal Cancer and Promotes Preferential Expansion of Tumour Infiltrating Lymphocytes (1997)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 45 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Despite increasing survival rates for patients with colorectal cancer, additional treatment options are required, including active or passive immunotherapy for patients with metastatic disease. Freshly harvested colorectal cancer specimens and in vitro cultured colorectal cancer cell lines were examined for IL–7 protein secretion in order to examine the potential role of this cytokine in the interaction between tumour cells and the host immune system. Freshly harvested colorectal cancer specimens (21/21), or normal adjacent mucosa (3/3), as well as long-term established colorectal cancer cell lines (3/4) exhibited IL-7 mRNA expression as detected by RT-PCR and confirmed by Southern Blot analysis. Freshly harvested colorectal cancer tissue (16/18), or long-term established colorectal cancer cell lines (2/4) secreted in vitro IL-7 as detected by ELISA. In contrast, breast, pancreatic, or lung cancer cell lines, as well as several haematopoietic cancer cells lines, tested negative for IL-7 mRNA and protein. The authors tested different cytokines (IL-1β, IL-2, IL-7, or a combination of IL-1β/IL-7) in vitro for the ability to expand tumour - infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL) from individual patients (n=9) with colorectal cancer. TIL populations were tested at day 14 after in vitro propagation for phenotypic analysis by FACS and for reactivity directed against NK and LAK sensitive target cells and autologous cancer cells as measured by cytotoxicity and cytokine release. TIL obtained from colorectal cancer lesions can be efficiently expanded in the presence of IL-7, some (3/9) of which appear to exhibit autologous tumour recognition as measured by cytolytic effector functions and by detection of IFNγ and TNFα release. Detection of IL-7 mRNA expression in colorectal cancer, in normal mucosa adjacent to tumour, as well as the ability of colorectal cancer tissue to secrete IL-7, raises new questions about the biology of the host / tumour interactions in colorectal cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1997.d01-384.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recognition of Human Renal Cell Carcinoma and Melanoma by HLA-A2-Restricted Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes is Mediated by Shared Peptide Epitopes and Up-Regulated by Interferon-γ (1996)
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 44 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) have previously been isolated from peripheral blood of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The CD8-positive CTL line MZ1257-CTL-5 (CTL-5) has been shown to lyse autologous cultured RCC cells in an HLA-A2 restricted fashion. Allogeneic, HLA-A2-matched RCC and melanoma cell lines were also lysed by CTL-5, suggesting that melanoma and renal cancer share antigenic determinants. The aim of the study was to determine whether RCC and melanoma share peptide epitopes that are recognized by CTL-5 in the context of HLA-A2 molecules. Peptides were acid-eluted from various cell lines, separated by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC), and assessed for their ability to reconstitute the CTL-5-defined epitope by pulsing the peptides on HLA-A2 positive antigen-processing mutant cell line CEM × 721.174.T2 (T2). Peptides eluted from allogeneic HLA-A2-matched RCC and melanoma cell lines exhibited the CTL-5-defined epitope in the same HPLC fractions as peptides derived from the autologous RCC line. Renal cancer and melanoma cells preincubated with interferon-γ (IFN-γ) resulted in an additional peak of reconstitution activity in both cell types. This second lytic peak was also observed when high amounts of autologous RCC cells were used for peptide preparation without IFN-γ pretreatment, indicating that IFN-γ increases the amount of MHC class I/peptide complexes per cell, rather than inducing a neo-epitope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.1996.d01-304.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gene-based strategies for the immunotherapy of cancer (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 75 (1997), S. 478-491 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Cancer ; Immunotherapy ; Gene therapy ; Dendritic cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  T lymphocytes play a crucial role in the host’s immune response to cancer. Although there is ample evidence for the presence of tumor-associated antigens on a variety of tumors, they are seemingly unable to elicit an adequate antitumor immune response. Modern cancer immunotherapies are therefore designed to induce or enhance T cell reactivity against tumor antigens. Vaccines consisting of tumor cells transduced with cytokine genes in order to enhance their immunogenicity have been intensely investigated in the past decade and are currently being tested in clinical trials. With the development of novel gene transfer technologies it has now become possible to transfer cytokine genes directly into tumors in vivo. The identification of genes encoding tumor-associated antigens and their peptide products which are recognized by cytotoxic T lymphocytes in the context of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules has allowed development of DNA-based vaccines against defined tumor antigens. Recombinant viral vectors expressing model tumor antigens have shown promising results in experimental models. This has led to clinical trials with replication-defective adenoviruses encoding melanoma-associated antigens for the treatment of patients with melanoma. An attractive alternative concept is the use of plasmid DNA, which can elicit both humoral and cellular immune responses following injection into muscle or skin. New insights into the molecular biology of antigen processing and presentation have revealed the importance of dendritic cells for the induction of primary antigen-specific T cell responses. Considerable clinical interest has arisen to employ dendritic cells as a vehicle to induce tumor antigen-specific immunity. Advances in culture techniques have allowed the generation of large numbers of immunostimulatory dendritic cells in vitro from precursor populations derived from blood or bone marrow. Experimental immunotherapies which now transfer genes encoding tumor-associated antigens or cytokines directly into professional antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells are under evaluation in preclinical studies at many centers. Gene therapy strategies such as in vivo cytokine gene transfer directly into tumors as well as the introduction of genes encoding tumor-associated antigens into antigen-presenting cells hold considerable promise for the treatment of patients with cancer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001090050133
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The human mixed lymphocyte-tumor cell interaction test (1984)
    Springer
    Cancer immunology immunotherapy 17 (1984), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0851
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Co-culture of cancer patients' nonadherent peripheral blood lymphocytes with irradiated autologous fresh tumor cells, termed the mixed lymphocyte-tumor interaction (MLTI) test, resulted in significant stimulation of 3H-Tdr in corporation on day 6 in 19 of 37 autologous combinations. The MLTI test was performed in a microtiter wells (0.2 ml) and a variety of solid tumor cells (sarcomas and carcinomas) were used. Tumor cells were dissociated from the fresh biopsy tissue by nontrypsin enzymatic digestion (deoxyribonuclease, hyaluronidase, and collagenase) and the tumor cells enriched by depletion of macrophages using adherence procedures. Occasionally, further tumor cell purification was achieved by separation of cells on the basis of size on dis-continuous gradients. Positive MLTI resulted in stimulation as high as 20-fold over the backgrounds of PBL and tumor cells cultured alone. Mean positive MLTI was SI of 7.7. The negative MTLI were not a reflection of generalized immunosuppression, because tumor cell preparations that did not stimulate autologous PBL did stimulate allogeneic PBL. In an additional patient, PBL not responding in the autologous MLTI did respond to allogeneic tumors. MLTI using cryopreserved cells reproduced the MLTI results using fresh cells in 11 of 16 tests; the other five tests were all positive in the fresh MLTI and negative when using cryopreserved cells. Despite reports from many other groups it appears that positive MLTI were not tumor-specific. In 14 experiments we were able to simultaneously test the proliferative response to autologous tumor as well as to an autologous normal tissue (lung, liver, colon, and bowel). In eight of these experiments positive responses were obtained with tumor stimulators and in seven of these, positive proliferation was also obtained with normal tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00200041
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