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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Arrhythmia Surgery: Then and Now (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1997.tb06212.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Surgical Treatment of the Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome and Other Supraventricular Tachyarrhythmias (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 1 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.1986.tb00702.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional Cardiac Sympathetic Innervation Early and Late After Transmyocardial Laser Revascularization (2004)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , England . : Blackwell Science Inc
    Journal of cardiac surgery 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Background. Prior experimental and clinical studies have drawn disparate conclusions regarding the effects of transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMR) on regional cardiac innervation in the treated regions. Regional afferent denervation has been proposed as a potential mechanism of action of the procedure, although this as yet remains unproven. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate regional myocardial sympathetic innervation both early (3 days) and late (6 months) after TMR. Methods. Mini-swine in the early group were randomized to be sacrificed 3 days after holmium:YAG TMR (n = 5) or sham thoractomy (n = 3). In the late group, mini-swine with hibernating myocardium in the left circumflex (LCx) region were randomized to sham redo-thoracotomy (n = 5), TMR of the LCx distribution with a carbon dioxide (n = 5), holmium:YAG (n = 5), or excimer (n = 5) laser. Six months postoperatively the animals were sacrificed. Additional animals in both the early (n = 2) and late (n = 2) groups served as age- and weight-matched normal controls. Immunohistochemistry and Western blot analysis for tyrosine hydroxylase (TYR-OH), a neural-specific enzyme found in sympathetic efferent nerves and a commonly used anatomic marker of regional innervation, were performed on lased and nonlased LCx and septal regions. Results. Immunohistochemical staining for TYR-OH was markedly diminished in the lased myocardial regions 3 days after TMR. This staining was significantly reduced compared to untreated septal regions, sham-operated, and normal LCx myocardium. Quantitative immunoblotting confirmed a significant reduction in TYR-OH (p 〈 0.05) protein concentration in the lased regions 3 days after TMR. On the contrary, TYR-OH staining was present in LCx myocardium surrounding the laser channels of all animals in all groups 6 months postoperatively. Staining was not different from controls. Similarly, there was no difference in LCx TYR-OH protein concentration between the normal, sham, or 6 months postoperative lased groups (p 〉 0.2 by one-way ANOVA). Conclusions. TMR-treated myocardium demonstrates anatomic evidence of regional sympathetic denervation 3 days postoperatively, although myocardium lased with each of the three lasers currently in clinical use is reinnervated by 6 months as evidenced by immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry for TYR-OH. These results suggest that mechanisms other than denervation may account for the long-term reductions in angina seen after TMR. (J Card Surg 2004;19:21-27)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0886-0440.2004.04005.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current Management of Mitral Valve Incompetence Associated with Coronary Artery Disease (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cardiac surgery 4 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8191
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: At a time when hospital mortality for adult cardiac operations is continuing to fall, the combined mitral valve coronary bypass subset remains at relatively high risk. Efforts to improve results should be directed toward a more general application of mitral reconstruction in this population, tailoring the type of repair to the pathological anatomy of valve dysfunction. Other promising therapeutic measures include the liberal use of reperfusion therapy in the acute papillary muscle dysfunction group, better selection patients for operation, and perhaps operative recommendation to a greater proportion of the more stable patients that previously were treated medically. Finally increasing the general awareness of this problem should hasten the development of improved management strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8191.1989.tb00254.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Free fatty acid metabolism during myocardial ischemia and reperfusion (1997)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 166 (1997), S. 85-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: nonesterified fatty acids ; myocardial metabolism ; myocardial ischemia ; reperfusion injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Long chain free fatty acids (FFA) are the preferred metabolic substrates of myocardium under aerobic conditions. However, under ischemic conditions long chain FFA have been shown to be harmful both clinically and experimentally. Serum levels of free fatty acids frequently are elevated in patients with myocardial ischemia. The proposed mechanisms of the detrimental effects of free fatty acids include: (1) accumulation of toxic intermediates of fatty acid metabolism, such as long chain acyl-CoA thioesters and long chain acylcarnitines, (2) inhibition of glucose utilization, particularly glycolysis, during ischemia and/or reperfusion, and (3) uncoupling of oxidative metabolism from electron transfer. The relative importance of these mechanisms remains controversial. The primary site of FFA-induced injury appears to be the sarcolemmal and intracellular membranes and their associated enzymes. Inhibitors of free fatty acid metabolism have been shown experimentally to decrease the size of myocardial infarction and lessen postischemic cardiac dysfunction in animal models of regional and global ischemia. The mechanism by which FFA inhibitors improve cardiac function in the postischemic heart is controversial. Whether the effects are dependent on decreased levels of long chain intermediates and/or enhancement of glucose utilization is under investigation. Manipulation of myocardial fatty acid metabolism may prove beneficial in the treatment of myocardial ischemia, particularly during situations of controlled ischemia and reperfusion, such as percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting. (Mol Cell Biochem 166: 85-94, 1997)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006886601825
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regulation of carbohydrate and fatty acid utilization by L-carnitine during cardiac development and hypoxia (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 180 (1998), S. 95-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: L-carnitine ; fatty acid oxidation ; neonatal metabolism ; glucose oxidation ; hypoxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study is designed to investigate whether substrate preference in the myocardium during the neonatal period and hypoxia-induced stress is controlled intracellularly or by extracellular substrate availability. To determine this, the effect of exogenous L-carnitine on the regulation of carbohydrate and fatty acid metabolism was determined during cardiac stress (hypoxia) and during the postnatal period. The effect of L-carnitine on long chain (palmitate) and medium chain (octonoate) fatty acid oxidation was studied in cardiac myocytes isolated from less than 24 h old (new born; NB), 2 week old (2 week) and hypoxic 4 week old (HY) piglets. Palmitate oxidation was severely decreased in NB cells compared to those from 2 week animals (0.456 ± 0.04 vs. 1.207 ± 0.52 nmol/mg protein/30 min); surprisingly, cells from even older hypoxic animals appeared shifted toward the new born state (0.695 ± 0.038 nmol/mg protein/30 min). Addition of L-carnitine to the incubation medium, which stimulates carnitine palmitoyl-transferase I (CPTI) accelerated palmitate oxidation 3 fold in NB and approximately 2 fold in HY and 2 week cells. In contrast, octanoate oxidation which was greater in new born myocytes than in 2 week cells, was decreased by L-carnitine suggesting a compensatory response. Furthermore, oxidation of carbohydrates (glucose, pyruvate, and lactate) was greatly increased in new born myocytes compared to 2 week and HY cells and was accompanied by a parallel increase in pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity. The concentration of malonyl-CoA, a potent inhibitor of CPTI was significantly higher in new born heart than at 2 weeks. These metabolic data taken together suggest that intracellular metabolic signals interact to shift from carbohydrate to fatty acid utilization during development of the myocardium. The decreased oxidation of palmitate in NB hearts probably reflects decreased intracellular L-carnitine and increased malonyl-CoA concentrations. Interestingly, these data further suggest that the cells remain compliant so that under stressful conditions, such as hypoxia, they can revert toward the neonatal state of increased glucose utilization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006843107922
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preface (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 180 (1998), S. 1-1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006881318400
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on glucose utilization in isolated cardiac myocytes (1998)
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 180 (1998), S. 129-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: pyruvate dehydrogenase complex ; enoximone ; glucose oxidation ; phosphodiesterase inhibitors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor, enoximone, enhances the oxidation of fatty acids in cardiac myocytes. Since carbohydrate oxidation is tightly coupled and inversely related in cardiac tissue to fatty acid oxidation, this study was designed to investigate enoximone's effects on glucose metabolism in the heart. To determine if enoximone alters this reciprocal relationship, the effects of enoximone on [U-14C]glucose and [2-14C]pyruvate oxidation were determined in isolated cardiac myocytes. The effect of PDE inhibitors was also examined on pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDH) activity, a key component of oxidative glucose metabolism. Two PDE inhibitors, enoximone and milrinone, decreased PDH activity by 69 and 64%, respectively at 0.5 mM. This inhibition of PDH activity by enoximone was completely reversed after removing enoximone from the myocyte medium. PDH activity was unaffected by agents which alter cyclic nucleotide signaling: cGMP, dibutyryl cyclic AMP, and AMP. The effect of enoximone on [2-14C]pyruvate oxidation was similar to that on PDH. Interestingly, the oxidation of glucose was decreased 35% by 0.5 mM enoximone. In isolated rat heart mitochondria (RHM), enoximone decreased PDH activity by 37%. These studies suggest that PDE inhibitors decrease carbohydrate utilization by inhibiting the PDH complex in the heart. The inhibition of PDH by PDE inhibitors appears unrelated to their effects on cAMP or cGMP. This inhibition of PDH by PDE inhibitors may occur, at least in part, secondary to stimulating fatty acid oxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006803426578
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