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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food quality 16 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4557
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of maturity and ripening on the quality characteristics of three nonmelting clingstone peach cultivars was compared. In general, size, weight, Minolta “a” values and SS/TA increased significantly with increased degree of maturity of fruit as harvested; whereas, firmness, hue angle, acidity and total pectins decreased significantly. Ripening for 7 days at 20C resulted in softening of L9-A47–33 and Babygold 7 peaches but had no significant effect on the firmness of FLA 9–20C. Ripening appeared to have little effect on the chemical characteristics of all three cultivars except for water soluble pectin, which increased slightly. L9-A47–33 peach selection was significantly more fruity, peachy, sweet, juicy and had a higher overall acceptance score than Babygold 7 or FLA 9–20C, indicating it might have potential for fresh market use.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of muscle foods 12 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4573
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A study involving five laboratories and nationwide sampling of ground beef was undertaken to determine cooking and color properties of patties cooked to 52.7, 65.6, 71.1 and 79.4C. The design of the study included purchase location (local, distant) and patty handling prior to cooking Pesh, thawed either as patties or bulk ground beef). Purchase location was not a statistically significant influence on cooking and color properties. Patties processed from bulk thawed product had a higher amount of brown cooked color. A strong relationship existed between visual and instrumental measures of red color in cooked patties. However, correlations among other cooking properties were low. Patties with higher fat content were associated with shorter cooking times, lower cooking yields and more brown cooked color. The low relationships between raw and cooked patty properties limits the use of raw ground beef properties as predictors of food safety in cooked beef patties. This further supports the use of instant read meat thermometers in cooking beef patties to at least 71C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Relationships between 2 instrumental and 2 sensory methods for cookie color assessment were determined. For sensory tests, panelists (n = 8 to 10) compared color of cookies (3 formulations × 2 cookie types) to equidistant physical color references in a light booth and to digital color references in a sensory workstation using unstructured line scales. For instrumental methods, the CIELAB color model and hue angle were determined with a spectrophotometer and with graphics software using digital camera images. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post-hoc comparisons verified differences (P 〈 0.05) among formulations within type by all methods. Except for b* values of chocolate chip cookies, the potential of all color assessment methods were validated by strong linear relationships (r 〉 0.94; P 〈 0.001).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 13 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Texture relationships were studied using both sensory and instrumental texture profile analysis (TPA) techniques to evaluate twenty-one food samples from a wide variety of foods. High linear correlations were found between sensory and instrumental TPA parameters for hardness (r = 0.76) and springiness (r = 0.83). No significant correlations were found between sensory and instrumental TPA parameters for cohesiveness and chewiness. Logarithmic transformations of data improved correlations between sensory attributes and their instrumental corollaries. The correlation between sensory hardness and the logarithm of instrumental hardness was improved to r=0.96. The correlation between the logarithm of both sensory and instrumental springiness was improved to r=0.86. The correlation between the logarithms of both sensory and instrumental chewiness was improved to r=0.54, which was significant at P〈0.05.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 2 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chicken patties (50% light/50% dark meat) were used as training and testing samples by a 10-member panel to develop descriptive terms appropriate for profiling the taste/aroma character notes of fresh and reheated chicken meat. A free word association list of 45 terms was developed in initial training sessions. These terms were used to obtain frequency of use and intensity data for statistical analyses to determine appropriateness of the terms for profiling and discriminating among fresh and reheat treatments of the chicken patties. The initial list was reduced to 31 terms by a frequency-use delimiter of 40% over four replications and by MANOVA probability values (P 〉 .05) for sample differences. FACTOR (principal components) analysis applied to the reduced list of terms indicated six logical associative groupings of terms that explained 77% variation in the data. A final list of 12 descriptors was developed by omitting redundant terms in a factor grouping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of texture studies 28 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4603
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The most popular instrumental imitative test is the Texture Profile Analysis (T.P.A.). It was originated in the General Foods Laboratories (Szczesniak et al. 1963) and adapted to the Instron by Bourne (1978). T.P.A. involves a double compression test that uses flat plates attached to an Instron Universal Testing Machine (I.U.T.M.). Several instrumental parameters can be extracted from the force/deformation curve generated by the test (e.g. hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness). Recently developed in our laboratory, the Bi-cyclical Instrument for Texture Evaluation (B.I.T.E. master) uses the I.U.T.M. to generate its motion and features a set of artificial dentures as well as a tri-dimensional movement simulating a chewing motion. Five parameters were extracted from the force/deformation curve to evaluate their potential use for the prediction of cohesiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 53 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A trained panel evaluated off-flavor development in precooked, stored and reheated chicken patties. Factor analysis of intensity scores on 12 sensory attributes yielded three factors. Calculated Factor I scores increased with storage time and predominantly characterized cooked samples stored 2 and 3 days. Factors II and III characterized fresh cooked product and cooked product stored 0 or 1 day. Canonical Discriminant Analysis (CDA) revealed a spatial configuration that classified storage times according to attribute subsets corresponding to Factor scores. The second and third canonical variables classified samples stored 0 and 1 day differently from other stored samples and probably represented flavor characteristics which were important indicators of flavor change occurring within 24 hours of refrigerated storage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Chemical and sensory changes were determined in cooked diced chicken, and raw and cooked sliced pork that were freeze dried to residual moisture levels of less than 2% and stored in sealed tin cans under nitrogen at –40, 28, 38 and 48°C for 1,3 and 6 months. Orsat analysis of headspace gas confirmed the absence of oxygen and no carbon dioxide developed during storage. Level of glucose in general decreased with increasing temperature and time of storage. Lactic acid content was 50 to 100-fold that of glucose on a molal basis and exhibited no detectable change over 6 months at temperatures up to 48°C. No appreciable change in the level of e-amino nitrogen was apparent. Reducing substances, expressed as ascorbic acid, increased with temperature and time of storage. There were no marked changes in percent rehydration due to storage temperature and time for cooked diced chicken, and raw and cooked sliced pork. Sensory evaluation, by triangle tests, of the differences between control samples at -40°C and samples at 28, 38 and 48°C detected deterioration in cooked chicken at 48°C for 1 month and thereafter; and at 38°C for 3 months and thereafter. For raw pork, significant deterioration was detected at 38 and 48°C at 3 months and thereafter. For cooked pork significant deterioration was detected at all storage times and temperatures, compared to the control.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 51 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Subjective color and doneness profiles, objective color measurements and compositional changes in water and low-salt extractable protein fractions of beef semitendinosus roasts cooked to 60°C, 68°C, and 75°C internal temperature (IT) were evaluated. Sensory color scores showed higher significant correlations with IT than objective color measurements. Extractable biuret positive ratio (EBPR) and coagulation test values had the highest significant correlations with IT compared to related water and saline-extractable protein parameters. Intensity profiles of isoelectrofocused water-extractable protein aliquots indicated that proteins with pI 3–10 decreased as IT increased. Proteins with pI 6.2–8.0 also accounted for an increase in percent of the total protein extracted as IT increased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Mechanically deboned chicken meat (without skin) and chicken (with skin) were combined with 15 or 25% structured protein fiber (SPF) to subjectively and objectively evaluate the quality of patties. Proximate composition, water-holding capacity, color, texture, and cooking loss were objectively determined. Products were characterized by the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis sensory technique. Raw patties containing 15% SPF had a higher water-holding capacity than patties with 25% SPF. Cooked patties with 25% SPF required significantly more force to shear, exhibited higher cooking losses, and were characterized as more chewy and elastic, less moist, and more desirable than 15% SPF patties. Textural properties of patties containing mechanically deboned poultry meat were improved by adding 25% SPF; however, cook yield was greater for patties with 15% SPF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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