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Deficiency in Mouse Oxytocin Prevents Milk Ejection,but not Fertility or Parturition (1996)

Young III, W. Scott ; Shepard, Emily ; Amico, Janet ; [et al.]

Oxford : Blackwell Science Ltd.

Journal of neuroendocrinology 8 (1996), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2826

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Oxytocin is a nonapeptide hormone that participates in the regulation of parturition and lactation. It has also been implicated in various behaviors, such as mating and maternal, and memory. To investigate whether or not oxytocin (OT) is essential for any of these functions, we eliminated, by homologous recombination, most of the first intron and the last two exons of the OT gene in mice. Those exons encode the neurophysin portion of the oxytocin preprohormone which is hypothesized to help in the packaging and transport of OT. The homozygous mutant mice have no detectable neurophysin or processed oxytocin in the paraventricular nucleus, supraoptic nucleus or posterior pituitary. Interestingly, homozygous mutant males and females are fertile and the homozygous mutant females are able to deliver their litters. However, the pups do not successfully suckle and die within 24 h without milk in their stomachs. OT injection into the dams restores the milk ejection in response to suckling. These results indicate an absolute requirement for oxytocin for successful milk ejection, but not for mating, parturition and milk production, in mice.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2826.1996.05266.x

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Brain grafts and Parkinson's disease (1991)

Freed, William J. ; Poltorak, Maciej ; Takashima, Hidetoshi ; [et al.]

New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 45 (1991), S. 261-267

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ISSN: 0730-2312

Keywords: tissue transplantation ; catecholamines ; dopamine ; L-DOPA ; genetic engineering ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: In animal models, grafts derived from several different tissues, principally fetal substantia nigra and adrenal medulla from young adults, have been found to be effective in alleviating some of the manifestations of lesions of the substantia nigra. It has been suggested that these grafts function by diffusely secreting dopamine, by exerting trophic effects on the host brain, or by producing a new innervation of the host corpus striatum. Evidence for each of these modes of action is briefly reviewed. Several brain tissue transplantation techniques have been described. Each of these techniques has significant limitations in animal models. The significance of these limitations for human application is described, and possibilities for improving the efficacy of brain tissue transplantation in animal models and for human application are discussed.