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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Permselectivities of aromatic polyamide membranes for aqueous alcohol mixtures in pervaporation (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 5 (1998), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Pervaporation ; BAPPH ; Aromatic polyamide ; Solubility ; Membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The separation of water/alcohol mixtures was carried out using a series of fluorine-containing aromatic polyamide membranes. Aromatic polyamides were prepared by direct polycondensation of fluorine-containing diamine (2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane, BAPPH) and various aromatic diacids. The separation factor toward water increased when the feed ethanol concentration was increased. The solubility of ethanol in aromatic polyamide membrane is higher than that of the water, but the diffusivity of water across the membrane is higher than that of alcohols. A separation factor of 83 and a permeation rate of 262 g/m2h with a 90 wt% feed ethanol concentration at 25 °C was obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0037-8
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dehydration of acetic acid/water mixtures by pervaporation with a modified poly(4-methyl-1-pentene) membrane (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 1 (1994), S. 247-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Pervaporation ; Ethylene vinylacetate ; Ethylene vinylacetate blend ; Dehydration ; TPX
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The dehydration of acetic acid/water mixtures by pervaporation with a EVA/TPX membrane has been studied. The membrane exhibited water selectivity during all process runs. Investigations were focused on the effects of heat treatment temperature on membrane formation, membrane thickness, feed solution concentration, EVA content, and feed solution temperature. Compared with pure TPX membrane, the EVA/TPX blend membrane effectively improved the pervaporation performances. The permeation rate decreases with increasing heat treatment temperature during the membrane formation. Optimum pervaporation results were obtained by EVA/TPX membrane with 12.5 wt % EVA content, giving a separation factor of 606 and permeation rate of 215 g/m2h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01374549
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma graft polymerization of acrylamide onto crosslinked HTPB based PU membrane for pervaporation (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 1 (1994), S. 361-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Polyurethane membrane ; Hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene ; Crosslinked ; Pervaporation ; Plasma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Pervaporation of water-ethanol mixtures through plasma graft polymerization of acrylamide onto crosslinked hydroxyl terminated poly-butadiene (HTPB) based PU membranes, plasma graft polymerization of acrylamide onto crosslinked PU membrane (AAm-p-CPU), were investigated. The grafting was dependent on the discharge power and pretreatment period. The effects of crosslinking, plasma treatment conditions, feed compositions, and feed temperature on the performance of these membranes were studied. The physical properties of crosslinked membrane were better than those of the uncrosslinked membrane. In addition, compared with crosslinked PU membranes (CPU), the plasma modified crosslinked PU membranes effectively improve the pervaporation separation performances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01378769
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Positronium Chemistry in Polymeric Membrane Systems (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 607 (Nov. 2008), p. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Positron and Positronium chemistry has been pursued and advanced by many scientists and engineers in both fundamental understanding of Positronium atom and its applications to chemical and polymeric systems during the last decade. This paper presents our recent results from collaborative investigations of positron annihilation in polymeric membranes. Future perspectives of applying Positronium chemistry to membrane science and technology and other related disciplines of nanotechnology, chemical engineering, materials science, energy research, molecules with positrons, biological and medical sciences appear to be promising
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/20/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.607.1.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conformation and gas permeability of poly(α-amino acid) membranes (1986)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 187 (1986), S. 871-888 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The permeability of some poly(∊-amino acid) (PAA) membranes like such of poly(N,δ-carbobenzoxy-L-lysine) (PCBL), poly(N,δ-carbobenzoxy-L-ornithine) (PCBO) as well as of copolymers of L-lysine and carbobenzoxy-L-lysine to oxygen and carbon dioxide were determined at different water content especially with regard to their use for artificial lungs. The conformations of these polymer membranes were studied by means of IR-spectra and X-ray diffraction. The results on the diffusion coefficient obtained for PCBL and PCBO were analysed in terms of Eyring's theory. They suggest that the microvoids in the interstices between the α-helices, assumed on the basis of X-ray analyses, play an important role, especially below the glass transition temperature Tg of the side-chains. This seems also to contribute partly to the diffusion of gas through the membrane even above Tg and results in an abnormally high “apparent activation energy” of diffusion in the wet state below Tg. It was found that the permeability of the membrane of partially decarbobenzoxylated PCBL for oxygen in a certain temperature range is higher than that for carbon dioxide. This has never been observed for any other synthetic polymer, because usually carbon dioxide has a higher solubility in these materials than oxygen. In the case of the partially decarbobenzoxylated PCBL membranes, however, the diffusion coefficient of carbon dioxide, and therefore the permeation of this gas, decreases much more than that of oxygen with increasing decarbobenzoxylation accompanied by the formation of β-structure and concomitantly the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bonds. Obviously, this phenomenon may be responsible for the permselectivity of these membranes for oxygen compared with carbon dioxide.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1986.021870417
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical initiated-grafted nylon 4 membranes (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 36 (1988), S. 87-103 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: To improve the performance of nylon 4 membranes, this study attempts to utilize chemical initiation which induces different hydrophilicities vinyl monomers grafted onto nylon 4 membranes. Sodium styrene sulfonate, chloromethyl styrene, styrene, and glycidyl methacrylate were used as grafting monomers. The factors that affect the degree of grafting considered were chemical initiators, pH values, kinds and concentrations of monomers, reaction time, and temperatures. The mechanical strength and the transport properties of these chemical-initiated grafted nylon 4 membranes were also investigated. Both the water flux and the salt rejection of sodium styrene sulfonated-grafted membrane were increased significantly, compared to our previous paper,1 and the casein rejections of all of the four grafted nylon 4 membranes studied exceeded 90%. The quaternized nylon 4-g-poly(chloromethyl styrene) membranes were prepared and possessed high water uptake behavior and high transfer number (0.99) for electrodialysis. The sulfonating process was also applied to improve the hydrophilicity of nylon 4-g-poly(glycidyl methacrylate) membrane so that the water flux and the salt rejection were both increased.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070360108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Construction of ternary phase diagrams in nonsolvent/solvent/PMMA systems (1998)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 607-615 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: ternary phase diagram ; binodal curve ; Flory-Huggins theory ; interaction parameter ; membrane formation ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In this work, the ternary phase diagrams in three nonsolvent/solvent/PMMA systems (n-hexane/n-butyl acetate/PMMA, water/acetone/PMMA, and n-hexane/acetone/PMMA) were constructed by theoretical calculation and experimental measurement. Binodal curves were calculated by using the Flory-Huggins theory for three-component systems and measured by titrating the PMMA solution with nonsolvent until the onset of turbidity. By using concentration-dependent nonsolvent/solvent and solvent/PMMA interaction parameters and constant nonsolvent/PMMA interaction parameters, good agreement has been obtained between the calculation and the measurement. The values of nonsolvent/solvent interaction parameters were taken from the literature sources, and the values of solvent/PMMA and nonsolvent/PMMA interaction parameters were measured by vapor sorption and swelling equilibrium, respectively. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 607-615, 1998
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pervaporation of ethanol - water mixture by Co60 γ-ray irradiation-modified nylon 4 membrane (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 1849-1857 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The ethanol - water separation by pervaporation with γ-ray irradiation-modified nylon 4 membrane was investigated. The membrane was prepared by homografting γ-ray irradiation of vinyl acetate (VAc) monomer onto nylon 4, poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc)-homo-g-nylon 4 followed by hydrolysis treatment, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)-homo-g-nylon 4. The homografting method shows significant improvement in the degree of grafting of (VAc) onto nylon 4 over the heterografting method. For example, the degree of grafting of the VAc with 30 vol % and total dose of 2 Mrad for the heterografted method and for the homografted method are 14.1 and 42.2%, respectively. The effects of irradiation with or without oxygen in solution, irradiation time, VAc content, degree of grafting, crystallinity, feed concentration, and operating temperature on performances of the PVA-homo-g-nylon 4 membrane were carried out. Comparison of the separation factor of sorption in membrane (αsorp) and that of pervaporation (αperv) was made. A separation factor of 7.3 and a 0.691 kg/m2 h permeation rate can be obtained by the PVA-homo-g-nylon 4 membrane with a degree of grafting of 42.2% for 90 wt % ethanol feed concentration. Compared with the unmodified nylon 4 membrane, which has the separation factor of 4 and permeation rate of 0.350 kg/m2 h, the PVA-homo-g-nylon 4 membrane shows improved a separation factor and permeation rate. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070471015
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma graft polymerization membrane of acrylamide for pervaporation separation of aqueous alcohol mixtures (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 61 (1996), S. 307-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Pervaporation of water-ethanol mixtures through acrylamide-plasma graft-polysulfone (AAm-p-PSF), a PSF membrane on which AAM is grafted by plasma polymerization, was investigated in this work. The effects of plasma treatment conditions and feed compositions on the pervaporation performances were studied for the un-ionized and ionized AAm-p-PSF membranes. It was found that the separation factor of the AAm-p-PSF membrane is higher than those of the unmodified membranes. The ionized membrane possesses a separation factor of 10.4 and a permeation rate of 718.1 g/m2 h. In addition, the surface properties of the prepared membrane were characterized by ESCA, SEM, and a water contact angle meter; and the relationship between the grafting yield and the plasma pretreatment time was obtained. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of polycarbonate/metal salt gas separation membranes (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 47 (1993), S. 1513-1522 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polycarbonate (PC) membranes possess high O2/N2 selectivity and mechanical strength, but have low gas permeability. In order to improve the pure PC membrane's gas permeability and selectivity of O2/N2, in this study we attempt to combine transition metal salts into the membrane to form a complex membrane. Tensile strength and elongation at break of the membrane are not significantly changed. The effect of casting solution composition and solvent evaporation time on morphology, gas permeability, and selectivity of O2/N2 of PC membranes are studied. The gas permeabilities of PC/DMF/Metals membranes are significantly improved, as compared to those of pure PC membrane. For example, an oxygen permeability of 137 cm3 (STP)-cm/cm2-sec-cmHg and separation ratio of oxygen to nitrogen of 4.0 for PC/DMF/CuCl2 membrane with [PC/CH2Cl2]/[CuCl2/DMF] = 17/3 mL/mL, and CuCl2/DMF = 0.1 g/mL, can be obtained. The FT-IR spectra and elementary analysis suggest that there is interaction among metal, DMF, and PC. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1993.070470902
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