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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic and recording properties of monolayer and multilayer thin-film media by using composite targets : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5336-5338 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A single chamber deposition process (N-process) to produce multilayer media was developed using a newly designed magnetron cathode. The key feature of this cathode is its use of a composite target and magnetron design which permits specific areas of the target to be independently activated. Magnetic properties, read/write performance, and media-noise of single-layer (SL) and multilayer (ML) media produced with this cathode were compared to media fabricated using a standard two chamber process (S-process). CoCrTa:SL-media sputtered using the N-process produced ∼400–600 Oe higher Hc, ∼24% lower noise, and ∼3 dB higher SNR at 136.4 KFCI recording density in comparison to SL media sputtered by S-process. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated a higher degree of in-plane c-axis orientation in N-process SL media. Sputtering the magnetic layer at elevated temperature due to zero dwell time between Cr and magnetic layer deposition and the formation of preferred in-plane orientation in the magnetic layer contributed to the increase in Hc of N-process media. ML-media fabricated by two different sputtering processes with Cr-interlayer (Cr-IL) of 5–15 A(ring) (1-chamber and 2-chamber) showed similar noise reduction: ∼30% at 153.4 KFCI recording density. In addition, for the comparable Hc and Mrt, the ML media sputtered by N process produced lower pulse width (PW-50), better overwrite (OW), and lower bit shift (BS). © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.361370
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dependence of recording performance on substrate temperatures for different crystallographically oriented thin film media (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 4313-4315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin film media with and without a NiAl seedlayer were sputter deposited over a range of substrate temperatures. Two distinctly different crystallographic and recording performance behaviors were observed. For the samples deposited with the NiAl seedlayer, which promotes the Co(10.0)/Cr(112) crystallographic orientation, the media noise was relatively low and constant throughout the temperature range investigated, whereas there was a significant reduction in noise with increasing temperature of deposition for the conventional media which have the Co(11.0)/Cr(200) structure. As a result an increase of more than 7 dB in signal-to-noise ratio was observed over the temperature range of 120–260 °C. The results suggest that the degree of Cr segregation with temperatures strongly depends on grain structures, such as grain size, grain size distribution, and grain crystallographic orientation. Magnetic characterization of both media is correlated to their recording performance as a function of substrate temperatures. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370353
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preferred orientation in Cr- and Co-based thin films and its effects on the read/write performance of the media (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 3579-3585 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This work investigates the formation of preferred crystallographic orientation (PO) in Cr underlayer as well as CoCrTa and CoCrPtTa thin films and its effects on the recording performance of longitudinal media. The results show that the thin-film media with comparable coercivity but different crystalline PO as measured by x-ray diffraction exhibit significant difference in high-frequency signal amplitude, pulse width, and signal-to-noise ratio. To illustrate the effect of PO on parametric performance, CoCrTa/Cr and CoCrPtTa/Cr media were sputtered on different substrates and/or using special sputtering processes to achieve comparable coercivity but different PO in the films. A PO of Cr(200), which normally occurs on the NiP/Al substrates under adequate sputtering conditions, is found to be the key to obtaining a PO of Co(11.0) in Co-alloy media. The consequence of preferred in-plane c-axis orientation is a higher coercivity and better parametric performance of the medium. The formation of PO in the Cr underlayer is found to be related to the substrate material and the oxygen content in the sputtered films. The nonmetallic canasite substrates tend to promote PO of more stable Cr(110) rather than Cr(200). Consequently, this leads to a PO of out-of-plane c axis on the following Co films. The PO of magnetic layer appears to be an important factor in determining the parametric performance of the media.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350914
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Cr and magnetic bias on read/write and noise characteristics of CoCrTa/Cr longitudinal thin-film media : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 3934-3936 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effects of Cr and magnetic bias on read/write and noise characteristics of CoCrTa/Cr longitudinal thin-film media were investigated. Samples of magnetic thin films were prepared by using dc magnetron sputtering at four different substrate-bias conditions: no bias (N), Cr bias only (C), magnetic bias only (M), and both Cr and magnetic bias (CM). Magnetic properties, parametrics, media noise, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), nonlinear transition shift (NLTS), crystallography, and microstructures were studied. Comparison of read/write characteristics measured with a magnetoresistive head at 72.4 kfci recording density showed improvement in resolution and pulse width for the media sputtered with M and CM bias. When the magnetic layers were sputtered with no bias, it was found that the Cr bias had almost no effect on media noise or SNR. However, the application of magnetic bias individually and substrate bias during both Cr and magnetic deposition reduced media noise about 20% and 30% and increased SNR about 5 and 7 dB, respectively, at 136.4 kfci recording density. NLTS was studied as a function of linear recording density for all these four samples. It was observed that the M and CM bias-sputtered media produce lower NLTS which correlates very well with the corresponding media noise. Co(11.0) and Co(10.0) peaks of magnetic films sputtered with M and CM bias showed broader peak width which produces smaller grain size of magnetic film for reduced transition noise. Transmission electron microscope images did not exhibit significant difference in microstructure between the films prepared by sputtering with or without applying substrate bias. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365077
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational circular dichroism in amino acids and peptides. 9. Carbon-hydrogen stretching spectra of the amino acids and selected transition-metal complexes (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 107 (1985), S. 1547-1556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00292a016
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational circular dichroism in amino acids and peptides. 5. Carbon-hydrogen, stretching vibrational circular dichroism and fixed partial charge calculations for deuterated isotopomers of alanine (1982)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 104 (1982), S. 3336-3342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00376a015
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic and recording properties of CoCrPtTa thin film media with CrW underlayer (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 6157-6159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: CoCrPtTa thin film media using Cr as an underlayer has been developed as a candidate for future high density longitudinal recording. In an effort to reduce the lattice mismatch between the Cr underlayer and the magnetic layer, the Cr underlayer has been doped with various elements. In this work the effect of adding Wx (x=10 and 15 at. %) to the Cr underlayer on the magnetic, crystallographic, and recording properties are reported. CrW10(Cr90W10) underlayer produced about 400 Oe higher coercivity and higher S* at Mrt(approximate)0.60 memu/cm2 compared to the Cr underlayer. Also at 240 kfci recording density for CoCrPtTa/CrW10 media the normalized media noise was similar and signal-to-noise ratio was about 2 dB higher compared to the CoCrPtTa/Cr media. For the CrW15(Cr85W15) underlayer at Mrt(approximate)0.60 memu/cm2 the coercivity was about 300 Oe higher with S*=0.88, but the normalized media noise was also higher than the CoCrPtTa/Cr media. The x-ray diffraction data suggest better lattice match between the CoCrPtTa/CrW10 media due to the addition of W to the Cr underlayer compared to the CoCrPtTa/Cr media. The magnetic and recording properties are correlated to the crystallographic properties of the CoCrPtTa/CrW thin film media. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.370028
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vibrational circular dichroism in amino acids and peptides. 7. Amide stretching vibrations in polypeptides (1982)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 21 (1982), S. 2161-2183 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Vibrational circular dichroism (VCD) spectra for the principal amide stretching vibrations, amide A (N—H stretch) and amide I (predominantly C=O stretch), are presented and analyzed for a variety of polypeptides dissolved in chloroform, as well as for two examples in D2O. Our results for poly(γ-benzyl-L-glutamate) confirm the first and only previous report of VCD in polypeptides carried out by Singh and Keiderling [(1981) Biopolymers 20, 237-240]. Collectively, our spectra show that the sense of the bisignate VCD in these two regions depends on the sense of α-helicity and not on the absolute configuration of the constituent amino acids. This conclusion is established by obtaining VCD for the two polypeptides, poly(β-benzyl-L-asparate) and poly(im-benzyl-L-histidine), that form left-handed as opposed to right-handed α-helices. A new amide band having significant VCD intensity owing to its Fermi resonance interaction with the N—H stretching mode has been identified as a weak shoulder on the low-frequency side of the amide A band near 3200 cm-1 and is assigned as a combination band of the amide I and amide II vibrations. VCD spectra of polypeptides in D2O solution, although weak, have been successfully measured in the amide I region, where spectra appear to be more complicated due to the presence of solvated and internally hydrogen-bonded amide groups. Strong monosignate contributions to the VCD in the amide A and amide I regions for some of the polypeptides indicate coupling of an electronic nature between these two regions and is deduced by an application of the concept of local sum rules of rotational strength. It appears that a detailed understanding of the VCD obtained for polypeptides will not only be diagnostic of secondary structure, but also of more subtle structural and vibrational effects that give rise to local, intrinsic chirality in the amide vibrations.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.360211106
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