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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alpha1-acid glycoprotein concentration and serum protein binding of carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11 epoxide in children with epilepsy (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 29 (1985), S. 211-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: carbamazepine ; epilepsy ; carbamazepine-10,11 epoxide ; alpha1-acid glycoprotein ; serum protein binding ; children
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between the serum protein binding of carbamazepine (CBZ) and carbamazepine-10,11 epoxide (CBZ-E) and the concentration of α1-acid glycoprotein (AAG) and albumin (HSA) was examined in 39 CBZ-treated epileptic children aged 4 months to 12 years. A significant inverse correlation was found between the free fraction of both compounds and serum AAG, even though changes in AAG concentration explained only part of the variation in binding. No correlation was found between the free fraction of CBZ and CBZ-E and HSA, probably due to the small intersubject variation in HSA concentration. In vitro experiments showed that both CBZ and CBZ-E were bound to HSA and to a lesser extent to AAG. At equivalent HSA concentrations, the binding of CBZ and its metabolite increased proportionately with increasing AAG concentration within the range occurring clinically.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00547424
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intrathecal IgG synthesis in multiple sclerosis: Comparison between isoelectric focusing and quantitative estimation of cerebrospinal fluid IgG (1981)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 224 (1981), S. 159-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Cerebrospinal fluid ; Multiple sclerosis ; IgG ; Isoelectric focusing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 64 klinisch bestimmten Fällen von multipler Sklerose wurde die isoelektrische Fokussierung von CSF und Serum-IgG, gefolgt von „crossed“ immuno-isoelektrischer Fokussierung und direkter Immunofixierung, sowohl bei der quantitativen Bestimmung als auch bei Albumin, durchgeführt. Die IgG-intrathekal-Synthese wurde entsprechend dem CSF-IgG-Index und de-novo-CNS-IgGsyn berechnet. Bei 99% der Patienten zeigte die isoelektrische Fokussierung abnorme Fraktionen im CSF an, ein Hinweis auf eine erhöhte intrathekale Synthese von oligoklonalem IgG. Nur bei 62–70% der Multiple-Sklerose-Fälle waren die Werte des CSF-IgG-Index und de-novo-CNS-IgGsyn höher als bei Vergleichskontrollen. Eine erhöhte intrathekale Synthese wurde häufiger von de-novo-CNS-IgGsyn bei Patienten mit normalem CSF-IgG-Index als von CSF-IgG-Index bei Patienten mit normalem de-novo-CNS-IgGsyn angezeigt. Bei allen Patienten mit Störung der Blut-CSF-Schranke war de-novo-CNS-IgGsyn erhöht, dagegen wurde bei nur 40% eine Erhöhung des CSF-IgG-Index festgestellt. Im Vergleich zu den quantitativen Verfahren scheint die isoelektrische Fokussierung die genauere Methode zur Feststellung einer erhöhten Intrathekal-oligoklonal-IgG-Synthese zu sein. Abnorme IgG-Fraktionen werden eher durch direkte Immunofixierung einfacher und mit wenig voneinander abweichenden Resultaten festgestellt als durch immunoisoelektrische Fokussierung. Die Formel für die de-novo-CNS-IgGsyn scheint sensibler und weniger durch Störungen der Blut-CSF-Schranke beeinflußbar zu sein als der CSF-IgG-Index bei der Bestimmung erhöhter Intrathekal-IgG-Synthese bei Fällen von multipler Sklerose. Es wurde kein Zusammenhang zwischen der CSF-IgG-Zusammensetzung und den Werten zum Alter, der Krankheitsdauer, dem klinischen Verlauf und der Behandlungstherapie des Kranken gefunden.
    Notes: Summary Isoelectric focusing of CSF and serum IgG followed by crossed immuno isoelectric focusing and direct immunofixation as well as quantitative assay of IgG and albumin were performed in 64 clinically definite multiple sclerosis patients. Intrathecal IgG synthesis was calculated according to the CSF IgG index and de novo CNS IgGsyn. Isoelectric focusing showed abnormal IgG fractions in CSF indicating increased intrathecal synthesis of oligoclonal IgG in 99% of patients. Only 62% and 70% of multiple sclerosis patients showed values of CSF IgG indices and de novo CNS IgGsyn higher than in controls. Increased intrathecal IgG synthesis was indicated more frequently by de novo CNS IgGsyn in patients with a normal CSF IgG index than by the CSF IgG index in patients with normal de novo CNS IgGsyn. All patients with blood CSF barrier damage had increased de novo CNS IgGsyn, but only 40% had an increased CSF IgG index. Isoelectric focusing seemed to be a more sensitive method to detect an increased intrathecal oligoclonal IgG synthesis than quantitative methods. Identification of abnormal IgG fractions can be performed easily and with more reproducible results by direct immunofixation than by crossed immuno isoelectric focusing. The formula for de novo CNS IgGsyn seemed more sensitive and less influenced by blood-CSF barrier damage than the CSF IgG index to detect increased intrathecal IgG synthesis in multiple sclerosis patients. No correlation was found between the CSF IgG pattern or amounts and age, duration, clinical course or therapy of the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313278
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute hepatitis in a patient treated with carbamazepine (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 232 (1985), S. 301-303 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Epilepsy ; Antiepileptic drugs ; Carbamazepine ; Side-effects ; Idiosyncratic reactions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of serious acute hepatic damage probably induced by carbamazepine (CBZ) is described. A 4-year-old patient with generalized tonic-clonic seizures was started on CBZ after various ineffective therapies. On the 10th day of CBZ therapy, he was readmitted to the hospital because of reappearance of fits, and went into hepatic coma. On the hypothesis that he was suffering an acute toxic reaction to CBZ, the drug was withdrawn (the serum level was not toxic) and the patient was subjected to peritoneal dialysis. The patient was discharged after 15 days in general conditions similar to those preceding the comatose state. The type of hepatic damage revealed by the laboratory tests and the early appearance of the clinical symptoms with non-toxic serum CBZ levels support the hypothesis of an idiosyncratic reaction to CBZ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00313869
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of isradipine sustained release on platelet function and fibrinolysis in essential hypertensives with or without other risk factors (1996)
    Springer
    Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 10 (1996), S. 119-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7241
    Keywords: israpidine ; hypertension ; diabetes mellitus ; smoking ; platelet functions ; fibrinolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The aim of this study was to assess the chronic effects of a highly selective dihydropiridine calcium channel blocker, israpidine, in its sustained release form (I-SRO), on platelet functions and fibrinolytic parameters in subjects with essential hypertension (EH) combined or not with other well-known cardiovascular risk factors, such as cigarette smoking (EH+S) and type II diabetes mellitus (EH+DM). Thirty-six patients with essential hypertension with sitting diastolic blood pressures of 96–104 mmHg without (EH, n=12) or with other risk factors (EH+S, n=12, EH+DM, n=12) were enrolled. After a 4-week, single-blind, placebo run-in period, the subjects received I-SRO 5 mg once daily for 18 weeks. After both placebo and 6 and 18 weeks of I-SRO treatment, the following parameters were measured: sitting blood pressure by mercury sphygmomanometer; platelet aggregation, plasma beta-thromboglobulin (BTG), platelet factor-4 (PF4), and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) by means of ELISA methods; and euglobulin lysis time before (ELT) and after standardized (10 min) venous occlusion (ELT-VO). In the group of patients as a whole compared with placebo, I-SRO significantly reduced SBP/DBP platelet aggregation, BTG, PF4, ELT, and ELT-VO. Significant reductions in these parameters were also observed in each group. In addition to the antihypertensive effect, I-SRO chronic treatment may favorably affect the platelet function and fibrinolytic system in essential hypertension with or without other cardiovascular risk factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00823589
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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