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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Omeprazole (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Omeprazole is a potent and effective antisecretory drug. Benefits in gastric and duodenal ulceration nevertheless seem marginal because standard treatments are very effective. More obvious advantages are discernible in oesophageal reflux disease where more profound acid inhibition may be needed to obtain symptom relief. Fears of important adverse effects either through inducing ECL cell hyperplasia or outright carcinogenesis, do not seem firmly founded, nor is there convincing evidence of significant interactions with other xenobiotics. Nevertheless, continued caution seems justified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1991.tb00039.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of ranitidine and indomethacin on nocturnal gastric acidity in normal subjects (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To assess the effect of indomethacin on gastric acidity and to identify a potential pharmacodynamic interaction between indomethacin and ranitidine, we measured nocturnal acidity on half-hourly aliquots of gastric contents from 10 volunteers on the seveneth day of four dosing regimens given in a randomized double-blind manner. These were indomethacin (50 mg t.d.s.) and ranitidine (300 mg in the evening) together or alone with matching placebos. Median nocturnal acidity on placebo was 41.7 mmol/L (range 67.6–25.1 mmol/L) and was 39.8 mmol/L (63.1–24.0 mmol/L) on indomethacin (N.S.). During ranitidine dosing it was 0.4 mmol/L (21.3–0.0 mmol/L) without and 0.8 mmol/L (43.7–0.0 mmol/L) with concurrent indomethacin, representing 99 and 98% decreases in gastric acidity (P 〈 0.01) compared with placebo. Indomethacin did not increase overnight gastric acidity and did not influence the suppression of acidity produced by ranitidine. It is unlikely that the ulcerogenic potential of indomethacin is explicable by an effect on gastric acidity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1990.tb00462.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Editorial comment (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 3 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1989.tb00198.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ulcer and ulcer complications from non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: what is the risk? (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 2 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Gastroenterologists believe that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) cause dyspepsia, may cause ulcers to develop de novo and cause ulcer bleeding and perforation. Regulatory authorities are aware that NSAID-associated adverse events are reported more often than for any other drug class, and that gastrointestinal events are most common and often serious. A case-control study in the UK indicates that those who use NSAIDs may be between two and four times as liable to gastrointestinal bleeding and probably perforation as non-users, particularly if elderly. It has further been suggested that the chances of dying of ulcer complications are very high in NSAID users. By contrast, studies in the USA conducted prospectively and post-marketing surveillance in the UK have appeared to show little risk. Differences may be partially, if not completely, explained by the variable methodologies employed. Dispute also exists about the rank order and significance of toxic effects among the various agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1988.tb00762.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Review; post-marketing surveillance of the safety of cimetidine—the problems of data interpretation (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 1 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Experience obtained during post-marketing surveillance of the safety of cimetidine emphasizes the difficulties in interpretation posed by the high background frequency of disease of all types in drug takers. The multiple sources of confounding factors, and their high prevalence, make it impossible to detect adverse events which mimic ordinary disease, particularly when a consistent relationship between adverse event and drug exposure is not observed. The inclusion of controls emphasizes the difficulties but does not ease interpretation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00616.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrepancies between population-based data and adverse reaction reports in assessing drugs as causes of acute pancreatitis (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 17 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : Many drugs are believed, clinically, to cause acute pancreatitis. We used information held on the UK General Practitioner Research Database to compare risks for drugs for which reports of pancreatitis were common or uncommon.Methods : Drug prescriptions were examined in 3673 patients with acute pancreatitis and in matched controls. Odds ratios were calculated for recent (1–90 days before the episode), past (91–360 days before the episode) or continuing (prescription in both periods) use.Results : Odds ratios were markedly increased for recent antisecretory use in non-ulcer patients only [all H2-antagonists, 12.4 (9.5–16.4); all proton pump antagonists, 9.3 (6.6–13.0)], with smaller increases for past [3.1 (2.5–3.7) and 3.5 (2.6–4.6), respectively] and continuing [2.6 (2.2–3.1) and 3.7 (2.9–4.7), respectively] use in patients without ulcer. Recent users of mesalazine showed a markedly increased risk [9.0 (1.8–44.6)], with smaller increases in past and continuing users [4.5 (1.3–16.0) and 2.5 (1.2–5.0), respectively]. Odds ratios for other drugs, suspect or not, were modestly increased, irrespective of whether the use was recent, past or continuing. The presence of gall-stones was not associated with a modified risk.Conclusions : Mesalazine, azathioprine and antisecretory drugs in non-ulcer subjects may increase the risk of pancreatitis, but warnings of drug-induced pancreatitis are generally not accompanied by increased population risks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2003.01485.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sulphide-induced energy deficiency in colonic cells is prevented by glucose but not by butyrate (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In ulcerative colitis, hydrogen sulphide is postulated to impair colonocyte butyrate metabolism, leading to cellular energy deficiency and dysfunction.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Aims:To determine the effects of sulphide exposure on butyrate metabolism and adenosine triphosphate levels of HT29 colonic epithelial cancer cells, and to establish whether energy deficiency can be prevented by increased butyrate concentrations or the presence of glucose.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:HT29 cells were maintained in medium containing 3 mM butyrate, 5 mM glucose, or both substrates. Oxidation rates were measured by 14CO2 release from 14C-labelled substrates. Cellular adenosine triphosphate was assayed using the luciferin/luciferase chemiluminescent method. The effects of sulphide (0–5 mM) on substrate oxidation and adenosine triphosphate levels and of increasing butyrate concentration (0–30 mM) with sulphide were observed.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:HT29 cells showed similar energy substrate usage to primary colonocyte cultures. Sulphide exposure inhibited butyrate oxidation and led to a reduction in cellular adenosine triphosphate. This fall was prevented by co-incubation with glucose, but not by increasing concentrations of butyrate.〈section xml:id="abs1-5"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:HT29 cells utilize butyrate as an energy substrate and represent a useful in vitro model of the effects of sulphide on colonocytes. Sulphide inhibits butyrate oxidation and leads to demonstrable energy deficiency, prevented by the presence of glucose but not by increased butyrate concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01164.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    REPLY (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1991.tb00539.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of roxatidine and ranitidine for the acute treatment of duodenal ulcer (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Roxatidine acetate is a new histamine H2-antagonist of about twice the potency of ranitidine on a weight-for-weight basis. Two hundred and thirty-two patients participated in a double-blind randomized trial of duodenal ulcer healing comparing 300 mg ranitidine nocte with 150 mg roxatidine nocte. Endoscopy was repeated fortnightly to 4 weeks in each of four participating centres. Usual exclusion criteria applied but NSAID users were allowed. There were no important demographic differences between treatment recipients. Three analyses were used: protocol (dropouts and violators not included), intention-to-treat I (dropouts considered failures), and intention-to-treat II (dropouts considered failures, but violators outcome included). Healing rates differed markedly (but not significantly) with each analysis. After 2 weeks of treatment ulcers had healed in 51% versus 45% using the intention to treat I analysis with roxatidine and ranitidine, respectively; by the protocol analysis the healing proportions were 60% and 55%. These differences between treatments were not significant. After 4 weeks of treatment healing rates ranged from 71% to 83% on roxatidine and between 69% and 84% on ranitidine depending on the analysis. Differential healing proportions of smokers and non-smokers were nonsignificant (83% vs. 79%). Both drugs were well tolerated and adverse events were similar with each agent. Roxatidine should prove as effective as ranitidine for acute duodenal ulcer treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1991.tb00031.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intragastric pH monitoring in acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding and the effect of intravenous cimetidine and ranitidine (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 1 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Intragastric pH was measured continuously from 1800 to 1200 hours the following day in 22 duodenal ulcer patients and in eight gastric ulcer patients, all of whom had been admitted as emergencies with acute upper gastrointestinal haemorrhage. The effects of intravenous cimetidine or ranitidine were compared with no treatment. In patients with duodenal ulcer, median intragastric pH was 1.8 (range 1.0–4.9) in the group receiving no treatment. In the cimetidine group (400 mg, 6-hourly, n= 8) median pH was 4.7 (range 1.5–7.7) and after ranitidine (50 mg, 6-hourly, n= 10) it was 3.8 (range 1.2–7.8). The pH remained above 4.0 for 67% of the recording time with cimetidine, 47% with ranitidine and for only 3% with placebo. Intragastric pH in gastric ulcer patients without treatment was higher (median 3.4, range 1.0–6.9) than in duodenal ulcer patients with treatment. Both H2 antagonists raised intragastric pH in patients with gastric ulcer and maintained a gastric pH of 〉 4.0 for at least 50% of the time. Presently recommended i.v. doses of cimetidine and ranitidine do not consistently maintain gastric pH above 4.0 for long periods in patients with peptic ulcer bleeding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2036.1987.tb00602.x
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