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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low frequency of human papillomavirus infection in initial papillary bladder tumors (1999)
    Springer
    Urological research 27 (1999), S. 180-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Key words Human papillomavirus ; Bladder cancer ; DNA ; Polymerase chain reaction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The involvement of human papillomavirus (HPV) in bladder cancer remains controversial. We previously reported detection of L1-HPV DNA in 39% of bladder cancers of mixed grade and stage. To clarify the possible etiologic role of HPV we studied, using the same technique, a more homogeneous group of initial low-stage tumors. We investigated a total of 187 newly diagnosed superficial papillary bladder tumors for the presence of L1-HPV DNA by the polymerase chain reaction method and hybridization with specific probes for HPV 6, 11, 16, 18, 33. HPV DNA was detected in 16 (8.5%) of the 187 specimens tested, although in a low copy number compared with SiHa cervical cancer cells used as control. HPV type 16 was observed in eight tumors while HPV type 6 and type 11 were each observed in three tumors. Two tumor specimens contained two types of HPV: one tumor hybridized with type 6 and 16 and the other with type 11 and 18. This low rate of HPV detection (8.5%) in initial tumors does not favor a prominent role for HPV in bladder carcinogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002400050107
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    mdr1 mRNA expression by RT-PCR in patients with primary breast cancer submitted to neoadjuvant therapy (1997)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 45 (1997), S. 63-74 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; mdr1 ; neoadjuvant chemotherapy and hormone therapy ; P-glycoprotein ; multi-drug resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract mdr1 expression by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) has been compared to P-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression byimmunohistochemistry (IHC) and correlated with clinical response toneoadjuvant therapy. RNA has been recovered from glass slide smears offine-needle aspiration from 57 untreated primary breast cancers prior toneoadjuvant chemotherapy (33 cases), hormone therapy (23 cases), or both (1case). Furthermore, mdr1 mRNA has been analyzed in 6 cases after 2 months oftreatment. The neoadjuvant therapy consisted of 4 cycles of adriamycin andcyclophosphamide or tamoxifen. Of 57 tumor specimens, an interpretableresult was obtained in 52 cases, indicating the feasibility of the analysisby RT-PCR with very small tumor specimens. The presence of mdr1 mRNA hasbeen documented in 44/52 (84%) tumor samples with a spectrum ofexpression levels. The expression of mdr1 mRNA was compared withP-glycoprotein (Pgp) expression by IHC using JSB-1, 4E3, and C494 monoclonalantibodies in 48 of the 52 interpretable tumor samples. 12/48 (25%)expressed Pgp by IHC. All tumors expressing Pgp by IHC were also positive byRT-PCR. The results confirm the higher prevalence of mdr1 mRNA compared tothe protein expression. However, mdr1 mRNA expression was found to correlatesignificantly with resistance to neoadjuvant hormone therapy only while Pgpexpression detected by JSB-1 immunostaining only correlated withchemoresistance. The lack of convincing correlation with chemoresistancesuggests that mRNA and Pgp may not be directly or solely responsible forclinical response to drugs. Further studies should focus on theposttranslational modulation of P-glycoprotein and other mechanisms of drugresistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005824704740
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategies of chemoprevention based on antigenic and molecular of early and premalignant lesions of the bladderThis work was supported by grants from the NCI-USA (CA47526-06), and NCI Canada (3515). (1992)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 50 (1992), S. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: HPV ; p53 mutations ; tumor antigens ; tumor etiology ; tumor monitoring ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Using monoclonal antibodies, we have identified a series of tumpor-associated antigens selectively expressed on tumor subtypes with distinct clinical behaviours. The mucinous antigen M344 and the gp20 surface antigen 19A211 are preferentially expressed on papillary superficial tumors and carcinoma in situlesions of the bladder. The combination of these two antigenic markers in immunocytology and flow cytometry studies of exfoliated cells has improved the sensitivity of detection for bladder tumors. Morevoer, the detection of M344- adn 19A211-positive exfoliated cells from previously treated but currently tumor-free patients appears to be predictive of tumor recurrence on follow-up. These results, as well as results of bladder mapping studies in tumor patients, suggest that these antigenic changes occur in a premalignant stage and may provide tools to monitor the efficacy of chemopreventive measures. Other markers, such as the surface antigen T138 and the soluble molecules autocrine motiliy factor (AMF) and tumor collagenase stimulating factor (TCSF), are produced by primary or recurrent tumors with a higher metastatic potential. They may be useful in identifying high risk patients for distant failur. The highly restricted antigen 19A211 is also expressed on cervix condylomas and carcinoam. This observation led us to investigate a possible viral etiology of some bladder cancers. Using PCR techniques, we detected the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 DNA sequences in a significant proportion of bladder tumors. HPV positivity was inversely correlated with the presence of p53 mutations in exons 5-9 of the same tumors as meazsured by PCR-SSCp techniques. This combination of markers may provide a basis for chemoprevention strategies targeted to distinct etiological events. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240501319
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Food deprivation is not a prerequisite for the amoebal to plasmodial transition in Physarum polycephalum (1983)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 4 (1983), S. 117-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Physarum polycephalum ; differentiation ; food supply ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The effect of food supply on the onset of asexual and sexual plasmodium formation in Physarum polycephalum was studied. Asexual differentiation occurs readily in amoebae carrying the matAh mating type allele. The density at which these amoebae begin to differentiate is influenced by the ind locus, which controls the production of a diffusible inducer. The alleles ind-1 and ind-2 are known. Strains carring the ind-1 allele begin plasmodium formation at a low amoebal density (rapid differentiation), while strains carring the ind-2 allele differentiate at a higher amoebal density (slow differentiation). The onset of differentiation is characteristic of the strain and did not change with a 20-fold variation in the number of food bacteria available. Sexual differentiation occurs between compatible amoebal strains. For a given pair of amoebal strains the onset of plasmodium formation occurs at a characteristic cell density that is determined by the genetic backgrounds of the strains. The ind locus is one of the genes that influences this cell density. Plasmodia are formed at a lower cell density in crosses involving compatible amoebae carrying the ind-1 allele than they are in crosses with strains carrying the ind-2 allele. As was found for asexual differentiation, an approximate 20-fold variation in the food supply did not affect the initiation of sexual plasmodium formation. These results suggest that in most cases starvation does not trigger the differentiation of amoebae into plasmodia. The time of onset of plasmodium formation is determined largely by genetic factors.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020040206
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