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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Canopy photosynthesis of crops and native plant communities exposed to long-term elevated CO2 (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. There have been seven studies of canopy photosynthesis of plants grown in elevated atmospheric CO2: three of seed crops, two of forage crops and two of native plant ecosystems. Growth in elevated CO2 increased canopy photosynthesis in all cases. The relative effect of CO2 was correlated with increasing temperature: the least stimulation occurred in tundra vegetation grown at an average temperature near 10°C and the greatest in rice grown at 43°C. In soybean, effects of CO2 were greater during leaf expansion and pod fill than at other stages of crop maturation. In the longest running experiment with elevated CO2 treatment to date, monospecific stands of a C3 sedge, Scirpus olneyi (Grey), and a C4 grass, Spartina patens (Ait.) Muhl., have been exposed to twice normal ambient CO2 concentrations for four growing seasons, in open top chambers on a Chesapeake Bay salt marsh. Net ecosystem CO2 exchange per unit green biomass (NCEb) increased by an average of 48% throughout the growing season of 1988, the second year of treatment. Elevated CO2 increased net ecosystem carbon assimilation by 88% in the Scirpus olneyi community and 40% in the Spartina patens community.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1991.tb01448.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A field study of the effects of elevated CO2 and plant species diversity on ecosystem-level gas exchange in a planted calcareous grassland (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Global change biology 5 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: The relationship between plant species diversity and ecosystem CO2 and water vapour fluxes was investigated for planted calcareous grassland communities composed of 5, 12, or 32 species assembled from the native plant species pool. These diversity manipulations were done in factorial combination with a CO2 enrichment experiment in order to investigate the degree to which ecosystem responses to elevated CO2 are altered by a loss of plant diversity. Ecosystem CO2 and H2O fluxes were measured over several 24-h periods during the 1994 and 1995 growing seasons. Ecosystem CO2 assimilation on a ground area basis decreased with decreasing plant diversity in the first year and this was related to a decline in above-ground plant biomass. In the second year, however, CO2 assimilation was not affected by diversity, and this corresponded to the disappearance of a diversity effect on above-ground biomass. Irrespective of diversity treatment, CO2 assimilation on a ground area basis was linearly related to peak above-ground biomass in both years. Elevated CO2 significantly increased ecosystem CO2 assimilation in both years with no interaction between diversity and CO2 treatment, and no corresponding increase in above-ground biomass. There were no significant effects of diversity on water vapour flux, which was measured only in the second year. There were indications of a small CO2 effect on water vapour flux (3–9% lower at elevated CO2 depending on the light level). Our findings suggest that decreasing plant species diversity may substantially decrease ecosystem CO2 assimilation during the establishment of such planted calcareous grassland communities, but also suggest that this effect may not persist. In addition, we find no evidence that plant species diversity alters the response of ecosystem CO2 assimilation to elevated CO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1998.00198.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of elevated CO2 on model calcareous grasslands: community, species, and genotype level responses (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Global change biology 2 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2486
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography
    Notes: We investigated the responses of model calcareous grassland communities to three CO2concentrations: 330, 500, and 660 μL L-1, The communities were composed of six species, Bromus erectus Hudson, Festuca ovina L., Prunella vulgaris L., Prunella grandiflora (L.) Scholler, Hieracium pilosella L., and Trifolium repens L., that are native to the calcareous grasslands of Europe. Genotypic variation in CO2 response was studied in Bromus erectus and Festuca ovina. Plants were harvested after c. 126 days of growth. We found that:〈list xml:id="l1" style="custom"〉At the community level, there were marginally significant (0.1≥P 〉 0.05) increases in leaf and litter dry weight with increasing CO2 concentration.There were significant differences between species in CO2 response, including both negative and positive responses. Prunella vulgaris had a significant negative response; Hieraciunt pilosella and Festuca ovina had significant positive responses; Prunella grandiflora had a marginally significant positive response; and Bromus erectus and Trifotium repens did not have significant responses.There was significant variation among genotypes in the response to elevated CO2 in Bromus erectus, but not in Festuca ovina.Based on the observed species- and genotype-level variation in CO2 response of calcareous grassland plants in this and other studies, we speculate that increasing atmospheric CO2 concentrations will alter community structure in calcareous grasslands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.1996.tb00089.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and senescence in plant communities exposed to elevated CO2 concentrations on an estuarine marsh (1989)
    Springer
    Oecologia 78 (1989), S. 20-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Elevated CO2 ; Productivity ; Salt marsh ; Scirpus olneyi ; Spartina patens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Three high marsh communities on the Chesapeake Bay were exposed to a doubling in ambient CO2 concentration for one growing season. Open-top chambers were used to raise CO2 concentrations ca. 340 ppm above ambient over monospecific communities of Scirpus olneyi (C3) and Spartina patens (C4), and a mixed community of S. olneyi, S. patens, and Distichlis spicata (C4). Plant growth and senescence were monitored by serial, nondestructive censuses. Elevated CO2 resulted in increased shoot densities and delayed sensecence in the C3 species. This resulted in an increase in primary productivity in S. olneyi growing in both the pure and mixed communities. There was no effect of CO2 on growth in the C4 species. These results demonstrate that elevated atmospheric CO2 can cause increased aboveground production in a mature, unmanaged ecosystem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377193
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