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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for Multiple, Local Functions of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor (CNTF) in Retinal Development: Expression of CNTF and Its Receptor and In Vitro Effects on Target Cells (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 68 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: There is increasing, although largely indirect, evidence that neurotrophic factors not only function as target-derived survival factors for projection neurons, but also act locally to regulate developmental processes. We studied the expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and the CNTF-specific ligand-binding α-subunit of the CNTF receptor complex (CNTFRα) in the rat retina, a well-defined CNS model system, and CNTF effects on cultured retinal neurons. Both CNTF and CNTFRα (mRNA and protein) are expressed during phases of retinal neurogenesis and differentiation. Retina-specific Müller glia are immunocytochemically identified as the site of CNTF production and CNTFRα-expressing, distinct neuronal cell types as potential CNTF targets. Biological effects on corresponding neurons in culture further support the conclusion that locally supplied CNTF plays a regulatory role in the development of various retinal cell types including ganglion cells and interneurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.68030979.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient Up-regulation of Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Receptor-α mRNA in Axotomized Rat Septa1 Neurons (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 9 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Using non-radioactive in situ hybridization we investigated the effect of fimbria-fornix transection on the expression of ciliary neurotrophic factor receptor α (CNTFRα) mRNA in axotomized septohippocampal neurons of the rat septal complex. Whereas CNTFRα expression was undetectable in the medial septal nucleus/diagonal band complex (MSDB) of control animals, specific up-regulation was observed in MSDB neurons after fimbria-fornix transection. CNTFRα expression was maximal 7–10 days after the lesion and had returned to control levels after 3 weeks. Following unilateral fimbria-fornix transection, CNTFRα up-regulation was restricted to the MSDB ipsilateral to the lesion. When cholinergic septal neurons were selectively eliminated by immunolesioning with 192 IgG-saporin prior to fimbria-fornix transection, the lesion-induced expression of CNTFRα was still observed in many medial septal nucleus neurons. These results demonstrate that after fimbria-fornix transection CNTFRα expression is transiently induced in axotomized, non-cholinergic neurons of the medial septal nucleus, suggesting a postlesion function of locally supplied CNTF.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01639.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The immunocytochemical localization of connexin 36 at rod and cone gap junctions in the guinea pig retina (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Connexin 36 (Cx36) is a channel-forming protein found in the membranes of apposed cells, forming the hexameric hemichannels of intercellular gap junction channels. It localizes to certain neurons in various regions of the brain including the retina. We characterized the expression pattern of neuronal Cx36 in the guinea pig retina by immunocytochemistry using specific antisera against Cx36 and green/red cone opsin or recoverin. Strong Cx36 immunoreactivity was visible in the ON sublamina of the inner plexiform layer and in the outer plexiform layer, as punctate labelling patterns. Double-labelling experiments with antibody directed against Cx36 and green/red cone opsin or recoverin showed that strong clustered Cx36 immunoreactivity localized to the axon terminals of cone or close to rod photoreceptors. By electron microscopy, Cx36 immunoreactivity was visible in the gap junctions as well as in the cytoplasmic matrices of both sides of cone photoreceptors. In the gap junctions between cone and rod photoreceptors, Cx36 immunoreactivity was only visible in the cytoplasmic matrices of cone photoreceptors. These results clearly indicate that Cx36 forms homologous gap junctions between neighbouring cone photoreceptors, and forms heterologous gap junctions between cone and rod photoreceptors in guinea pig retina. This focal location of Cx36 at the terminals of the photoreceptor suggests that rod photoreceptors can transmit rod signals to the pedicle of a neighbouring cone photoreceptor via Cx36, and that the cone in turn signals to corresponding ganglion cells via ON and OFF cone bipolar cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.03049.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Observation of Dynamic Behavior in Primer-Coated Steel Welding by CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 Laser (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 124-126 (June 2007), p. 1425-1428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: This study examines for keyhole behavior by observing the laser-induced plasma andinvestigates the relation between keyhole behavior and formation of weld defect. Laser-inducedplasma has been accompanied with the vaporizing pressure of zinc ejecting from keyhole to surface ofprimer coated plate. This dynamic behavior of plasma was very unstable and it was closely related tothe unstable motion of keyhole during laser welding. As a result of observing the composition ofporosity, much of Zn element was found from inner surface of it. But Zn was not found from thedimple structure fractured at the weld metal. therefore we can prove that the major cause of porosity isthe vaporization of primer in lap position. Mechanism of porosity-formation is that the primervaporized from the lap position accelerates dynamic behavior of the key hole and the bubble separatedfrom the key hole is trapped in the solidification boundary and remains as porosity
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/23/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.124-126.1425.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double-labeling techniques demonstrate that rod bipolar cells are under GABAergic control in the inner plexiform layer of the rat retina (1998)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 292 (1998), S. 17-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words Retina ; Rod bipolar cells ; Amacrine cells ; Protein kinase C ; Glutamic acid decarboxylase ; GABA ; Synaptic circuitry ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The synaptic connectivity between rod bipolar cells and GABAergic neurons in the inner plexiform layer (IPL) of the rat retina was studied using two immunocytochemical markers. Rod bipolar cells were stained with an antibody specific for protein kinase C (PKC, α isoenzyme), and GABAergic neurons were stained with an antiserum specific for glutamic-acid decarboxylase (GAD). Some amacrine cells were also labeled with the anti-PKC antiserum. All PKC-labeled amacrine cells examined showed GABA immunoreactivity, indicating that PKC-labeled amacrine cells constitute a subpopulation of GABAergic amacrine cells in the rat retina. A total of 150 ribbon synapses established by rod bipolar cells were observed in the IPL. One member of the postsynaptic dyads was always an unlabeled AII amacrine cell process, and the other belonged to an amacrine-cell process showing GAD immunoreactivity. The majority (n=92) (61.3%) of these processes made reciprocal synapses back to the axon terminals of rod bipolar cells. In addition, 78 conventional synapses onto rod bipolar axons were observed, and among them 52 (66.7%) were GAD-immunoreactive. Thus GABA provides the major inhibitory input to rod bipolar cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410051030
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