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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extra-Large Grains in the Silicon Nitride Ceramics Doped with Yttria and Hafnia (1998)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Microstructural development of silicon nitride doped with Y2O3 and HfO2 was investigated to determine how extra-large grains develop during gas pressure sintering. Grains as long as 200 µm and a few tens of micrometers wide developed at high temperatures (〉2173 K) in a fine-grained matrix containing a limited amount of liquid which had a poor propensity to spread. A small number of grains could grow quite large before their growth was halted by neighboring grains of comparable size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02560.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fabrication of Si3N4/SiC Composite by Reaction-Bonding and Gas-Pressure Sintering (1998)
    Westerville, Ohio : American Ceramics Society
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Si3N4/SiC composite materials have been fabricated by reaction-sintering and postsintering steps. The green body containing Si metal and SiC particles was reaction-sintered at 1370°C in a flowing N2/H2 gas mixture. The initial reaction product was dominated by alpha-Si3N4. However, as the reaction processed there was a gradual increase in the proportion of β-Si3N4. The reaction-bonded composite consisting of alpha-Si3N4, β-Si3N4, and SiC was heat-treated again at 2000°C for 150 min under 7-MPa N2 gas pressure. The addition of SiC enhanced the reaction-sintering process and resulted in a fine microstructure, which in turn improved fracture strength to as high as 1220 MPa. The high value in flexural strength is attributed to the formation of uniformly elongated β-Si3N4 grains as well as small size of the grains (length = 2 μm, thickness = 0.5 μm). The reaction mechanism of the reaction sintering and the mechanical properties of the composite are discussed in terms of the development of microstructures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02477.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy-dependent regulation of cell structure by AMP-activated protein kinase (2007)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 447 (2007), S. 1017-1020 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK, also known as SNF1A) has been primarily studied as a metabolic regulator that is activated in response to energy deprivation. Although there is relatively ample information on the biochemical characteristics of AMPK, not enough data exist on the in vivo ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature05828
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optical adaptive neural networks with a ground glass for global random interconnections and local gain controls (1995)
    Springer
    Optical and quantum electronics 27 (1995), S. 519-525 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-817X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract TAG (training by adaptive gain) is a new adaptive neural network model for large-scale optical implementations. For single-layer neural networks withN input andM output neurons, the TAG model contains two different types of interconnections, i.e.MN global fixed interconnections and (N+M) adaptive gain controls. The training algorithm is based on gradient descent and error back-propagation, and is easily extensible to multilayer and/or higher-order architectures. For large-scale electrooptic implementation, the fixed global interconnections may be implemented by multifacet hologram, volume hologram or ground glass, and the adaptive gains by spatial light modulators (SLMs). The ground glass is more advantageous for random interconnections, with much higher diffraction efficiency and interconnection density. Both feed-forward signal and error back-propagation paths are implemented by a single ground glass, and adaptive learning has been demonstrated for heteroassociative memory and classifier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00563592
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Fabrication of Sintered Reaction-Bonded Silicon Nitride with β-Si〈sub〉3〈/sub〉N〈sub〉4〈/sub〉 Seed Crystal (1997)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 132-136 (Apr. 1997), p. 2056-2059 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/44/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.132-136.2056.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and Characterization of Porous Membrane for Drug Release (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 342-343 (July 2007), p. 485-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: To develop osmotic granule with semi-permeable membranes, we prepared the semipermeablemembranes with different pore forming agent by using solvent casting method. Themembrane was consisted of cellulose acetate, Eudragit® RS, hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC), andtriethylcitrate (TEC) in the presence of PEG200, PEG1, 000, or dibutylsebacate(DBS) as a poreforming agent. The produced membranes were white and elastic and exhibited soft property ontouch. The release amount of pore forming agent from membrane with different pore forming agentwas measured in water dissolution media and the order was PEG200 〉 PEG1, 000 〉 DBS. Theformation of pore in membrane was observed by morphological SEM image after dissolution. Thepore formation and porosity of membrane depended on water solubility of pore forming agent. Weconfirmed that pores in porous semi-permeable membrane could be controlled by the pore formingagent
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/54/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.342-343.485.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    First viscosity of dilute3He-4He mixtures below 0.6 K (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 94 (1994), S. 145-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Starting with the Boltzmann transport equation, the first viscosity of dilute3He-4He mixtures for various3He concentrations x is evaluated up to around T ≅ 0.6 K by including the contribution from three-phonon processes (3PP) in the anomalous elementary excitation spectrum of liquid4He. Due to 3PP, the characteristic time τη for3He viscosity at high temperatures, i.e., T⩾2TF where TF is the3He Fermi temperature, is evaluated as 5 × 10−12/xT, which is smaller than the value estimated by Rosenbaum et al. This is interpolated with τη in the degenerate (quantum) region, T≪TF. The obtained viscosities are in better agreement with experimental results than those of Baym and Saam, whose theory does not include 3PP. However, at very low concentrations there exists a discrepancy between the present theory and experiments, so that an alternate treatment should be considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00755422
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intelligent judge neural network for speech recognition (1994)
    Springer
    Neural processing letters 1 (1994), S. 17-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-773X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract An intelligent judge neural network (IJNN) is developed to make decisions out of contradictory arguments, which may come from different classifiers with different characteristics and/or input features. For speech recognition applications a multi-layer perceptron classifies the word as a spectro-temporal pattern, while a neural prediction model or hidden-control neural network relies on dynamic nature of the speech signal. The “judge≓ accepts input values from the lower-level neural network classifiers and provides ruling verdicts. Two intelligent judges have been investigated. The “neuro-judge≓ rules by extracting decision rules from training data, i.e. disputes between the two classifiers, while the “fuzzy-judge≓ just utilizes min-max operations. The IJNN demonstrates better recognition rates. More importantly its performance is much less sensitive to the choice of training data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02312396
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Training Algorithm with Incomplete Data for Feed-Forward Neural Networks (1999)
    Springer
    Neural processing letters 10 (1999), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-773X
    Keywords: missing data ; incomplete data ; estimation ; supervised learning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract A new algorithm is developed to train feed-forward neural networks for non-linear input-to-output mappings with small incomplete data in arbitrary distributions. The developed Training-EStimation-Training (TEST) algorithm consists of 3 steps, i.e., (1) training with the complete portion of the training data set, (2) estimation of the missing attributes with the trained neural networks, and (3) re-training the neural networks with the whole data set. Error back propagation is still applicable to estimate the missing attributes. Unlike other training methods with missing data, it does not assume data distribution models which may not be appropriate for small training data. The developed TEST algorithm is first tested for the Iris benchmark data. By randomly removing some attributes from the complete data set and estimating the values latter, accuracy of the TEST algorithm is demonstrated. Then it is applied to the Diabetes benchmark data, of which about 50% contains missing attributes. Compared with other existing algorithms, the proposed TEST algorithm results in much better recognition accuracy for test data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018772122605
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Out-of-Vocabulary Rejection based on Selective Attention Model (2000)
    Springer
    Neural processing letters 12 (2000), S. 41-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-773X
    Keywords: error backpropagation ; noisy speech ; out-of-vocabulary rejection ; robust speech recognition ; selective attention
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract Based on a psychological selective attention theory a new algorithm is developed to provide reliable out-of-vocabulary (OOV) rejection for speech recognition systems in noisy environments. The developed attention model is based on Broadbent's ‘early filtering’ theory, and the attention adaptation process utilizes a gradient-descent error minimization algorithm with error backpropagation rule. The developed model is applied to isolated-word recognition tasks, and much higher in-vocabulary recognition rates are achieved with the same out-of-vocabulary rejection rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009617830276
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