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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of temperature gradient on concentration profile of hydrogen in a palladium lattice (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 1011-1017 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A thermodynamic calculation is conducted to determine the distribution of hydrogen atoms absorbed in a one-dimensional palladium rod, along which a temperature gradient is imposed. The rod is assumed to be completely sealed, so that the total number of the hydrogen atoms is conserved regardless of its thermal conditions. A model calculation based on a zeroth-order interaction model predicts that upon the imposition of the gradient, the hydrogen distribution will significantly change from its initial uniformity. The profile of the redistributed hydrogen can be discontinuous at one point on the rod. The concentration gap developed at this point of temperature T implies that the two-phase region in the palladium hydride phase under the thermal equilibrium is nonexistent under the nonequilibrium condition. Similar to the disappearance of the two-phase region above the critical temperature, the concentration gap is reduced with an increase of the temperature gradient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353318
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-dose neutron generation from plasma ion implantation (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 8056-8063 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Based on a theoretical estimation, a simple new scheme to generate high-dose, steady-state neutrons is presented. This new high-dose neutron source makes use of the plasma ion implantation, which consists of a cylindrical palladium rod saturated with deuterium atoms and immersed in a deuterium or tritium plasma. The plasma is contained by a grounded conducting chamber. The palladium rod is connected to a high-power modulator, which provides a series of negative-voltage pulses. During these negative pulses, deuterium or tritium ions fall into the palladium rod and collide with the deuterium atoms in it, initiating fusion reactions and emitting neutrons. This neutron device will be portable, reliable and almost free from radiation hazards except for the neutrons themselves. For reasonable system parameters allowed by present technology, we find from a theoretical calculation that the average neutron production rate 〈dN/dt〉 = 2.3 × 1012 s−1 for D-T reaction, which may be more than enough for most applications. The average neutron production rate for D-D reaction is two order of magnitude less than that for D-T reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347453
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal/water chemical reaction coupled to a pulsed electrical discharge (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 6945-6951 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Capacitor-stored energy is transferred to a wire conductor surrounded by a mixture of a reactive metal powder and water. The overload current pulse quickly explodes the small wire conductor, initiating a chemical reaction in the mixture. The discharge after the explosion is made through a highly condensed state undergoing chemical reaction (producing both heat and hydrogen gas). In this type of discharge the heat and gas from the reaction help the reacting medium maintain some conductance necessary for effective dissipation of the electrical energy. The coupling of the discharge to the reaction is found to be crucial to sustain the reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.348931
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pressure measurements correlated with electrical explosion of metals in water (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 64 (1988), S. 3851-3854 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time profiles of underwater shock wave pressure, current, and voltage were measured for exploding aluminum, aluminum-lithium alloy, and copper wire in water when an inductive energy store was discharged through the wire. A linear relationship existed between the peak voltage across exploding wire and the underwater shock wave pressure generated by the wire. The aluminum-lithium alloy reached a highly resistive state more quickly than pure aluminum wire at the same heating rate. The chemical reaction between the exploding wire material and the surrounding water plays a small role in the generation of detonation wave.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.341365
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of mechanical agitation on fuse opening switch efficiency (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 813-815 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: It is demonstrated that an exploding wire fuse opening switch comprising aluminum wire in water can be made more efficient by mechanically agitating the wire while it is being exploded. The electrical current flowing through the wire collapses faster, generating a higher voltage output when the arrival time of the agitating source at the wire material is well selected. The agitation appears to facilitate the dispersion of the molten metal within the water tamper so that the electrical energy input necessary to open the switch is reduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139782
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High concentration of deuterium in palladium from plasma ion implantation (1991)
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 3188-3193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Based on a theoretical calculation, a new scheme to increase deuterium density in palladium over its initial value is presented. This deuterium enrichment scheme makes use of plasma ion implantation. A cylindrical palladium rod (target) preloaded with deuterium atoms, coated with a diffusion-barrier material, is immersed in a deuterium plasma. The palladium rod is connected to a high-power modulator which provides a series of negative-voltage pulses. During these negative pulses, deuterium ions fall into the target, penetrate the diffusion barrier, and are implanted inside the palladium. For reasonable system parameters allowed by present technology, it is found from theoretical calculations that the saturation deuterium density after prolonged ion implantation can be several times the palladium atomic number density. Assuming an initial deuterium density, n0=4×1022 cm−3, it is also found that the deuterium density in palladium can triple its original value within a few days of the ion implantation for a reasonable target size. Because of the small diffusion coefficient in palladium, the incoming ions do not diffuse quickly inward, thereby accumulating near the target surface at the beginning of the implantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.859799
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical Methods and Beer's Law. An Ultraviolet Absorption Study of Binary Solutions Containing a Nitroparaffin. (1964)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 36 (1964), S. 1100-1103 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac60212a044
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Germicides for Army Mobile Laundries (1948)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 40 (1948), S. 2054-2059 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50467a010
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Using Both Chemical and Biological Fingerprints for the Quality Study of Estrogenic Licorice (Glycyrrhiza uralensis) (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The quality of phytoestrogenic licorice was studied by using both chemical and biological fingerprints. A recombinant yeast strain that consists of an estrogen responsive element linked with a reporter gene (ADE2) and a transformed human estrogen receptor–containing plasmid was used for screening and evaluation of estrogenic activity in licorice. Several estrogen-like components in licorice were screened, and licoisoflavone B and formononetin were identified. Licorice extracted with 70% ethanol showed 5 different patterns of chemical fingerprints (LR-A, LR-E, LR-F, LR-H, LR-K), as identified by chromatographic analysis. Among these, LR-E exhibited the strongest estrogenic activity, whereas LR-A, LR-F, and LR-H were in the middle, and LR-K had the weakest activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2003.tb05775.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of acute and chronic alcohol intake on the clinical course and outcome in acetaminophen overdose (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd.
    Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics 16 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2036
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Animal studies on acetaminophen toxicity suggest that chronic alcohol intake affects the outcome adversely, whereas acute alcohol intake seems protective. Few clinical data are available.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Methods:We studied 209 consecutive patients with single-dose acetaminophen overdose. The combined influence of independent variables (gender, age, dose, delay to antidote treatment, chronic and acute alcohol intake and nomogram risk group) on dependent variables (death, development of hepatic encephalopathy and biochemical liver markers) was studied using multiple or logistic regression analysis.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Results:Fifty-seven (27.3%) patients had chronic alcohol intake and 45 (21.5%) patients had acute alcohol intake. Forty-four (21.1%) patients developed hepatic coma and 20 (43.5%) of these patients died. Chronic alcohol intake was significantly and independently associated with the development of hepatic coma, with a lower prothrombin index, lower platelet count, higher creatinine and higher bilirubin. The relative risks for hepatic coma and death were 5.3 (95% confidence interval, 2.2–12.4) and 1.4 (95% confidence interval, 0.5–3.9), respectively, in the chronic alcohol intake group compared with the no chronic alcohol intake group. Acute alcohol intake was not significantly associated with any of the dependent variables studied.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉Conclusions:Chronic alcohol intake enhances acetaminophen hepatotoxicity, whereas acute alcohol intake does not affect the clinical course.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2036.2002.01224.x
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