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  • 1
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Background: Chronic illness and mental retardation are both associated with an increased rate of behavioural problems in children and with considerable emotional strain in families. The aim of the study was to analyse and compare the specific effects of two exemplary conditions on familial stress and coping. Methods: Forty-nine boys with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) were compared with 46 boys with Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) and 32 male controls. Intelligence was measured with the RAVEN or K-ABC tests. Psychopathology was assessed with the CBCL questionnaire and a structured psychiatric interview (Kinder-DIPS), parental stress with the QRS, coping with the F-COPES and social support with the F-SOZU questionnaires. Results: The mean age of the FXS boys was 8.6, of the SMA boys 12.7 and of the controls 11.2 years. The mean IQ was 47 for the FXS, 112 for the SMA and 103 for the control groups. According to the CBCL, 89.8% of the FXS boys, 21.7% of the SMA and 15.7% of the controls had a total score in the borderline or clinical range. The rates were 63.3%, 34.8% and 21.9% for internalising and 67.3%, 10.9% and 18.8% for externalising behaviour, respectively. 81.6% of the FXS and 10.9% of the SMA patients had a DSM-IV or ICD-10 psychiatric diagnosis. The most common were ADHD (FXS: 36) and Separation Anxiety Disorder (SMA: 4). In total, parental stress was significantly higher in the FXS than in the SMA families (and in both compared to controls). There were no major inter-group differences regarding social support and familial coping. Conclusions: Children with FXS are severely mentally retarded and have a high rate of mainly externalising disorders. Despite good coping abilities and social support, this is associated with high familial stress. The SMA boys, with an intelligence in the upper normal range, are no more deviant than their healthy controls. Parental stress is lower in the SMA families with good coping abilities. In conclusion, families with mentally retarded children are in even greater need of help than those of children with severe chronic illness/physical handicap. Abbreviations: SMA: Spinal Muscular Atrophy; FXS: Fragile X syndrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Neuropsychologia 21 (1983), S. 199-212 
    ISSN: 0028-3932
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Psychology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kulturvergleichende Analyse ; Child Behavior Checklist ; Verhaltensauffälligkeiten ; Kinder ; Jugendliche ; Key words Cross cultural study ; Child Behavior Checklist ; Behavior problems ; Children ; Adolescents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The goal of the study was a cross-cultural comparison of the parent ratings of behavior problems of children and adolescents aged 4–18 years in Germany, The Netherlands and the United States using the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). The analyses were undertaken in a German community sample (n = 1622) and a Dutch community sample (n = 2076). The results were compared with the data published by Achenbach for the national US sample. The analyses were based on the scales of the 1991 CBCL version and were performed for four age and sex groups (4- to 11-year-old boys/girls and 12- to 18-year-old boys/girls). In general, relatively minor differences could be detected between the three random samples. The range in the different samples was between –0.04 and 0.35, which is in line with other cross-cultural analyses using the CBCL. As long as no representative norms for Germany are available, the American norms can serve as an orientation for German studies using the CBCL.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie ist eine kulturvergleichende Analyse der Beurteilungen von Verhaltensauffälligkeiten von Kindern und Jugendlichen im Alter von 4 bis 18 Jahren durch ihre Eltern in Deutschland, den Niederlanden und den USA anhand der Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). Die Analysen werden in einer deutschen Feldstichprobe (n = 1622) und einer niederländischen Feldstichprobe (n = 2076) durchgeführt und mit den von Achenbach [1] publizierten Daten für die nationale US-Stichprobe verglichen. Basis der Analysen ist die Skalierung der CBCL in der Version von 1991. Die Analysen werden für vier Alters- und Geschlechtsgruppen (4- bis 11 jährige Jungen/Mädchen und 12- bis 18 jährige Jungen/Mädchen) durchgeführt. Insgesamt lassen sich nur relativ geringfügige Unterschiede zwischen den 3 Stichproben nachweisen. Die mittleren Effektstärken schwanken in den einzelnen Stichproben zwischen –0,04 und 0,35. Damit werden andere kulturvergleichende Analysen mit der CBCL bestätigt, in denen ebenfalls überwiegend geringfügige Kultureffekte nachgewiesen wurden. Solange noch keine für die Bundesrepublik repräsentative Stichprobe vorliegt, kann eine Orientierung an der amerikanischen Normierung erfolgen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 145 (1997), S. 277-282 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Prävalenz ; psychische Störungen ; Dokumentation ; psychotherapeutische Einrichtungen ; Key words prevalence ; psychiatric disorder ; standardized documentation ; psychotherapeutic institutions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The prevalence and types of psychiatric disorders in an out-patient pediatric population (pediatricians in practice; hospital out-patient department) are analysed. Nearly one forth of all 6 to 12 year old children fulfilled the criteria for a psychiatric disorder in addition to somatic disease according to a standardized documentation. The perception of a behavioural symptom is associated with further pediatric out-patient, non pharmacological treatment, but does not lead to referrals to psychotherapeutic institutions. The importance of the primary care pediatrician for the diagnosis of behavioural problems in childhood is discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Prävalenz und Art psychischer Störungen in einer ambulanten pädiatrischen Inanspruchnahmepopulation (niedergelassene Ärzte, Ambulanz eines Kinderkrankenhauses) wird untersucht. Bei fast einem Viertel der 6- bis 12-jährigen somatisch erkrankten Kinder wurde anhand einer standardisierten Dokumentation neben der körperlichen auch eine psychische Erkrankung festgestellt. Die Auswirkungen der Wahrnehmung einer psychischen Symptomatik auf den ärztlichen Behandlungsweg zeigt sich jedoch nicht in Form von Überweisungen an psychotherapeutische Einrichtungen, sondern steht in einem signifikanten Zusammenhang mit weiterer ambulanter ärztlicher nicht-medikamentöser Behandlung. Es wird auf die wichtige Screening-Funktion des Pädiaters bei der Erfassung von Verhaltensauffälligkeiten im Kindesalter hingewiesen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatsschrift Kinderheilkunde 145 (1997), S. 457-465 
    ISSN: 1433-0474
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Frühgeborene ; Eltern ; Interventionsprogramm ; Methoden ; Entwicklungsergebnisse ; Key words Premature infant ; Parents ; Intervention program ; Methods ; Developmental outcome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary After some introductory remarks on the influence of psychosocial risk factors on the developmental outcome of premature infants this review summarizes the current knowledge about intervention programs for prematures and their parents with a special focus on parent-centered programs. Positive effects of intervention programs are found in an improvement of cognitive development, parental sensitivity and the home environment. Only parent-centered interventions enhanced the quality of parent-infant interaction. It is questioned if those effects are also reliable for very premature infants and are found in the long term. Further programs should focus on parent- and parent-infant centered interventions. Methodological problems of intervention studies and further research perspectives on parent-centered interventions are discussed.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach einleitenden Anmerkungen über den Einfluß von psychosozialen Risikofaktoren auf die Entwicklung von Frühgeborenen werden die verschiedenen Ansätze von Interventionsprogrammen dargestellt. Durch Interventionen können unterschiedliche positive Effekte erzielt werden. Sie verbessern die kognitive Entwicklung der Kinder, verändern die elterliche Wahrnehmung kindlicher Bedürfnisse und gestalten die häusliche Umgebung. Es bleibt fraglich, ob diese Ergebnisse auch für die Entwicklung der sehr kleinen Frühgeborenen Gültigkeit haben und ob die Effekte auch langfristig nachgewiesen werden können. Speziell Eltern-zentrierte Interventionsansätze können zusätzlich die Eltern-Kind-Interaktion verbessern. Aus diesem Grunde sollten zukünftige Interventionen auch Eltern- oder Eltern-Kind-zentrierte Ansätze integrieren. Methodische Probleme von Interventionsstudien und Forschungsperspektiven von Eltern-zentrierten Interventionen werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European child & adolescent psychiatry 8 (1999), S. 117-125 
    ISSN: 1435-165X
    Keywords: Key words Functional enuresis ; nocturnal enuresis ; day wetting ; urinary tract infections ; ultrasonography ; uroflowmetry ; electroencephalography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Functional enuresis is a heterogeneous group of syndromes with different aetiology and pathophysiology. The aim was to identify specific somatic correlates of enuresis non-invasively in child psychiatric patients after exclusion of neurologic and structural forms of incontinence. One hundred sixty-seven consecutive children, aged 5 to 10 years with day and/or night wetting were examined prospectively with: urinalysis and bacteriology; ultrasonography, including bladder wall thickness and residual volume; uroflowmetry and pelvic-floor-EMG; EEG; and a complete paediatric-neurologic examination. Day wetting children had a significantly higher rate of previous antibiotic prophylaxis, larger residual volume, thicker bladder walls; the uroflow curves were significantly less bell- and more staccato-shaped, the EMG less relaxed. Voiding postponers showed a tendency towards more uroflow anomalies than urge incontinent children. Primary and secondary enuretics did not differ on most parameters, but primary nocturnal enuretics with micturition problems had significantly less relaxed EMGs than monosymptomatic enuretics. Although day wetters had more pathological EEGs and neurological signs, these differences did not reach significance. The overall rate of urogenital anomalies was 10%. In conclusion, enuresis has a high rate functional somatic correlates with clinical and theoretical, classificatory implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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