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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 93 (1989), S. 5328-5330 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 93 (1990), S. 1995-2003 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A series of hard-sphere cluster-ion structures have been constructed, based on the notion of a central stable dimer ion core. Starting from a structure representative of icosahedral Ar+19, two separate packing sequences are considered; edge packing and face packing, and clusters containing up to 310 atoms have been generated. It is shown that many of the symmetric structures derived from the two packing sequences coincide with the "magic'' numbers observed both in the mass spectra and fragmentation patterns of argon and krypton cluster ions. A slice through the cluster shows that the central dimer ion core is part of a linear chain of atoms, which offer the possibility for further charge delocalization as suggested in recent molecular orbital calculations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 408-421 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Coulomb explosion has been promoted in a range of doubly charged atomic and molecular clusters. In these new experiments, mass selected clusters of Ar2+n, (CO2)2+n, (H2O)2+n, (H2O)nH2+2, (CH3CN)nH2+2, and (C6H6)2+n have been subjected to collisional activation with a background gas. For species close to the Coulomb cutoff, each collision removes sufficient atoms or molecules (approximately six) as to render the clusters unstable. As a result, charge separation occurs and part ((approximately-equal-to)30%) of the Coulomb repulsion energy is released in the form of center of mass kinetic energy in the fragments. The remaining Coulomb energy appears as internal excitation in the fragments and subsequently leads to extensive evaporation. It is shown that the latter process is continuing even 10−6 s after Coulomb explosion. All the molecular systems studied show evidence of asymmetric charge separation, with some singly charged fragments containing up to 65% of the initial cluster mass. A detailed quantitative analysis of the results is made difficult by the very broad range of fragment ion sizes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 91 (1989), S. 7685-7692 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A double-focusing mass spectrometer in conjunction with a cluster beam source has been used to study the unimolecular fragmentation patterns of krypton cluster ions, Kr+n, for n in the range 10–340. All cluster ions are observed to undergo the reaction Kr+n →Kr+n−1 + Kr; however, some clusters lose up to five atoms on the time scale of the experiment. The six naturally occurring isotopes of krypton complicates the cluster-ion mass spectra, with the number of ion peaks increasing rapidly with n for a given Kr+n. A computer model which successfully accounts for the influence of isotopes reveals that isotope enrichment of the cluster ions occurs. The relative intensities of the fragment ions exhibits pronounced intensity fluctuations, many of which coincide with similar observations on large argon cluster ions. It is proposed that particularly intense fragments, i.e., Kr+111 and Kr+120, arise from reactions which lead to the formation of kinetically favorable products. In contrast, intense ion peaks in the mass spectrum, i.e., Kr+147 and Kr+309, are attributed to the formation of thermodynamically favorable products. The latter coincide with shell closure in Mackay icosahedra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 89 (1988), S. 4062-4073 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A high resolution double focusing mass spectrometer in association with a pulsed supersonic nozzle has been used to study the unimolecular fragmentation of Ar+n clusters for n in the range 30–200. All ion clusters within this range are observed to undergo the reaction Ar+n→Ar+n−1+Ar; with some ions also exhibiting further fragmentation involving the loss of two and three argon atoms. A systematic study of the above reaction as a function of n reveals that the relative intensities of the fragment ions fluctuate considerably. In many cases, these fluctuations coincide with depleted or enhanced ion intensities in the normal ion cluster mass spectrum. Through the use of a model based on unimolecular reaction rate theory (RRKM), it has been possible to reproduce many of the features observed in both the fragmentation spectra and the normal mass spectrum. Of the two principle variables involved in the model, reaction symmetry number and dissociation or binding energy, we have been able to show that only the binding energy is important in determining the fragmentation pattern. Through the calculations, the experimental data are interpreted in terms of "stable'' and "unstable'' ion clusters. Stable ion clusters have enhanced intensities in the normal mass spectrum, whereas unstable ions produce both depletions in the normal mass spectrum, and enhanced fragment ion intensities. It is proposed that unstable argon ion clusters consist of an atom weakly bound to an underlying stable cluster. A series of hard-sphere structures are presented to account for some of the observed stable ion clusters. Each of the structures has icosahedral symmetry and accommodates a central Ar+2 ion. It is concluded that, because the clusters are forced to accommodate a charge-carrying unit, the positive charge appears to have a structural influence which extends well beyond the electrostatic limit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 1004-1004 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: There is some overlap between our analysis and work previously published by Zipin, but the former is more applicable to the specific problem addressed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 58 (1987), S. 2238-2243 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A theoretical discussion is presented of the design features that have been incorporated into a multipass cell appropriate for use in laser molecular-beam experiments. A detailed description of the cell in two dimensions is given, and this is later expanded to highlight the problems of alignment in three dimensions. A prototype cell, constructed using the guidelines presented here, has demonstrated that 31 passes through a molecular beam can be easily achieved. Computer simulations suggest that the optimum potential of the cell is ≈101 passes. The fact that the position of the emergent laser beam is clearly defined makes the cell particularly useful for the purposes of studying absorption spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 93 (1989), S. 333-335 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 88 (1988), S. 483-484 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Vacuum 43 (1992), S. 677-679 
    ISSN: 0042-207X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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