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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differences in attention control between ‘clinic-observable’ and ‘reported’ hyperactivity: a preliminary report (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Child 14 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2214
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Summary A series of attention tests were administered to two groups of hyperactive children and a control group of normal children. The first group of hyperactive children had both ‘reported’ hyperactivity (defined as having hyperactive behaviour reported at school and home) and ‘clinic-observable’ hyperactivity (defined as having hyperactive behaviour readily observable in a clinic interview). The second group had only ‘reported’ hyperactivity. The results of attention testing indicated that the children with both ‘reported’ and ‘clinic-observable’ hyperactivity had significant attentional difficulties in comparison with children with ‘reported’ hyperactivity as well as with the normal controls. On the other hand, the children with ‘reported’ hyperactivity had less evidence of attentional problems when compared to the normal children. Hence; the differentiation into ‘reported’ and ‘clinic-observable’ hyperactivity was of theoretical importance as clinic behaviour was a significant diagnostic marker in predicting performance in attention tests. The results of this study suggest the presence of different types of attention deficits in ‘reported’ and ‘clinic-observable’ hyperactivity respectively as well as heterogeneity in hyperactive children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.1988.tb00575.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can Cognitive Distortions Differentiate between Internalising and Externalising Problems? (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 39 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: A community sample of 405 adolescents were given the Youth Self-Report Form (YSR) and the Children's Negative Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (CNCEQ). Both regression and group comparison analyses, using the full sample and a subset of extreme scorers, respectively, indicated that internalising problems were specifically associated with the various forms of cognitive distortions assessed, namely, selective abstraction, personalising, overgeneralisation, and catastrophising. Furthermore, they displayed a curvilinear relationship; as the severity of internalising problems increased, the magnitude of cognitive distortions grew positively at a quadratic rate, displaying a U-shaped upward curve. However, in view of the potential measurement bias of CNCEQ toward internalising problems, the conclusion was qualified. Although our results found some specific event/schema-linked cognitive distortions that distinguished internalising from externalising problems, we could not conclude that the latter were free from any other event/schema-linked cognitive distortions that the CNCEQ might have failed to elicit.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00320
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Attentional Difficulties in Hyperactive and Conduct-disordered Children: A Processing Deficit (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 35 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract A random population sample of 1479 Chinese boys from Hong Kong was screened and diagnosed in a two-stage epidemiological study. Four groups, age 7–8, were distinguished: (1) a pure hyperactive group (HA), (2) a mixed hyperactive/conduct–disordered group (HA + CD), (3) a pure conduct-disordered group (CD), and (4) a normal control group (N). On a visual search task, only the HA children showed a specific processing deficit in performance. This confirms the diagnostic value of such a deficit for hyperactivity, differentiating it from conduct disorder. The failure to find a similar deficit in the HA + CD group raises questions concerning the clinical identity of these children. Each group showed a performance decrement over time in the visual search task but the decrement did not differ between the four groups. This observation is not congruent with the reports of a short attention span in hyperactive children; explanations of this apparent contradiction are considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01231.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distractibility in Hyperactive and Conduct-Disordered Children (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 37 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Hyperactive children are often said to be inattentive and distractible. However, the results from a number of experimental studies are equivocal. To examine this discrepancy, a Chinese version of the Stroop Test was devised. Four groups of subjects recruited from a community sample of 1479 Chinese boys living in Hong Kong took part in the investigation. These were: (1) a pure hyperactive (HA) group; (2) a mixed hyperactive/conduct-disordered (HA + CD) group; (3) a pure conduct-disordered (CD) group; and (4) a normal (N) control group. The results revealed that HA children were more markedly affected by the introduction of distracting stimuli. This distractibility was probably a function of both stimulus potency and the random order in which stimuli were presented. The specificity of a greater distractibility to HA children indicates its diagnostic value with regard to hyperactivity. The failure to find a similar deficit in HA + CD children raises questions about the clinical identity of this mixed diagnostic group.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01407.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dysfunctional Schemas and Cognitive Distortions in Psychopathology: A Test of the Specificity Hypothesis (2001)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 42 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: This study aimed at testing whether there were different types of dysfunctional schemas and cognitive distortions that could help to differentiate three emotional/behavioural problems, i.e., anxiety, depression, and aggression, from each other. Five hundred and eighty-one Chinese adolescents from five mainstream high schools in Hong Kong were recruited and completed several self-report questionnaires. Bivariate correlation showed an indiscriminate pattern of association between dysfunctional schemas, cognitive distortions, and the three emotional/behavioural problems. However, when the effects of the confounding correlated emotional/behavioural problems were controlled in regression analysis, different problems did show some specific association with different types of dysfunctional schemas and/or cognitive distortions. Despite some inconsistency, these findings generally supported a specificity hypothesis. Cognitive variables were thus not only relevant in understanding psychopathology, but their different patterns of association with anxiety, depression, and aggression also supported the separability of these three emotional/behavioural problems, despite their significant correlation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00772
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Separation and Comorbidity of Hyperactivity and Conduct Disturbance in Chinese Schoolboys (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 37 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: In a two-stage community study of 3069 Chinese schoolboys in Hong Kong, those entering stage 2 were classified by scores on Rutter's teacher and parent questionnaires into: (1) a mixed hyperactive/conduct-disturbed (HA-CD) group; (2) a pure hyperactive (HA) group; (3) a pure conduct-disturbed (CD) group; and (4) a normal control group. The four groups of children were compared on a series of psychosocial, cognitive and neurodevelopmental measures. This was followed by a regression analysis to examine the specificity of the differential patterns of associations between HA and CD. There was a mix of negative and positive findings defying a simple, definitive conclusion. However, the positive findings that did emerge supported a growing body of recent literature which favoured a separation of HA from CD and their cross-cultural validity: the former was associated with neurodevelopmental impairments, the latter with family disharmony. The mixed condition, HA–CD, was a hybrid of its two constituent conditions, displaying the attributes of both.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.1996.tb01480.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Establishing the constructs of childhood behavioral disturbances in a Chinese population: A questionnaire study (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of abnormal child psychology 24 (1996), S. 417-431 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2835
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Abstract The behavioral problems of Chinese children were examined in a questionnaire study of a representative sample of 3,069 seven-year-old Chinese schoolboys in Hong Kong using Rutter's questionnaires for completion by parents and teachers. Separate robust dimensions of hyperactivity, antisocial, and neurotic behaviors were evident. The correlations among different dimensions were similar to those reported in the West. Short-term longitudinal analysis suggested that these dimensions were stable over time and that antisocial behaviors might develop in hyperactive children. The finding highlights the necessity of differentiating the hyperactive domain from the antisocial one. A significant source effect was found in all three dimensions. Chinese schoolboys had nearly two times the level of questionnaire-rated hyperactivity compared with school boys in the West; but it is premature to conclude that hyperactivity is more common in Chinese schoolboys in Hong Kong. Cross-cultural differences in adults' expectations and tolerance remain a plausible explanation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01441565
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Vigilance Study of ADHD and Control Children: Event Rate and Extra-Task Stimulation (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of developmental and physical disabilities 12 (2000), S. 187-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3580
    Keywords: ADHD children ; vigilance study ; optimal stimulation theory ; extra-task stimulation ; human information processing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An experiment was conducted to compare the performance of ADHD and non-ADHD (control) children in a vigilance task. A group of 24 Chinese children with ADHD was identified by their high scores (i.e., 2 SD above mean) on the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale (CTRS). The children were given a computerized Continuous Performance Test—Auditory (CPT-A) whereby English letters of the alphabet were presented in audio mode (through a speaker) rather than in visual mode (on a monitor screen). Performances of the ADHD children on CPT-A were compared with a group of normal peers matched on sex, nonverbal IQ, and school performances. The effects of the event rate (fast vs. slow) and extra-task stimulation (Pic vs. No-pic) displayed on a computer screen were investigated. Performance on the CPT-A was analyzed in terms of error rates (commission and omission errors) and reaction time. It was found that children with ADHD generally performed worse than normal children in that the former made more commission errors and had longer reaction times. However, ADHD children's performance tended to “normalize” when extra-task stimulation was available, especially in conditions of the slow event rate. These results are discussed in the light of optimal stimulation theory and the information processing model of cognitive functioning of hyperactivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009409720485
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