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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 34 (1991), S. 262-266 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Anal canal ; Levator ani ; External sphincter ; Development
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The anal canal muscles development is studied in 18 human embryos. The external anal sphincter results to origin common with the urogenital sphincter from the cloacal sphincter. The muscle, after its appearance, is subdivided into two portions from a thin mesenchimal layer. Moreover, our embryologic study clearly confirms that the puborectalis muscle is a portion of the levator ani, its primordium being common with the ileo and the pubococcygeus muscles. The anal smooth musculature appears later than the striated one.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diseases of the colon & rectum 36 (1993), S. 10-15 
    ISSN: 1530-0358
    Keywords: Anal canal ; Levator ani ; External sphincter ; Anatomy ; Continence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A study of the anatomy of the anal striated musculature is performed on 34 adult specimens to reconsider some debated morphologic aspects. The original “eight-shaped” arrangement of the fibers of the pubococcygeus is pointed out, suggesting a definite role of the muscle as a superior part of the continence muscular complex; the intermediate part seems to be formed by the puborectalis loop and the deep external anal sphincter, not always separable. Finally, the inferior portion is represented by the superficial sphincter, which shows an anatomic behavior similar to that of the pubococcygeus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les auteurs ont étudié la situation et les rapports des nerfs laryngés récurrents et tout particulièrement le nerf gauche dans son trajet médiastinal. A ce sujet (qui intéresse tout particulièrement la chirurgie du médiastin et notamment celle de la trachée), peu de travaux sont retrouvés dans la littérature. De cette étude des données significatives sont à dégager: Autour des organes situés dans le médiastin postérieur, le tissu conjonctif s'épaissit pour former une gaine péri-viscérale et péri-vasculaire à partir de laquelle se détachent des septa qui s'entrecroisent pour délimiter des espaces plus ou moins remplis de tissu conjonctif et de lobules adipeux. Deux de ces espaces sont situés sur les bords latéraux de la trachée, l'un à droite, l'autre à gauche, formant avec la trachée et l'oesophage les espaces para-trachéaux droit et gauche. Dans ce dernier espace le nerf récurrent n'est pas simplement situé dans du tissu adipeux mais il est entouré par une gaine provenant du septum fibreux qui délimite l'espace paratrachéal gauche.
    Notes: Summary The authors studied the position and relations of the recurrent laryngeal nerves, with special reference to the left one in the superior mediastinum. On this subject which is of special interest in the surgery of the mediastinum and especially that of the trachea — there is little information available in the bibliography. From the observations made by the authors, the results of major importance are as follows: Around the organs in the superior mediastinum the connective tissue thickens to form a perivisceral and perivascular adventitial sheath, from which arise septa which cross between themselves forming spaces which are more or less full of loose connective tissue and fat lobules. Two of these septa on the lateral aspect of the trachea, one on the right and the other on the left, form with the trachea and the oesophagus the right and left paratracheal spaces. In this latter space the left recurrent nerve is situated, not simply in the adipose tissue but surrounded by a sheath derived from the reflection of a lamina which originates from the left para-tracheal septa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 15 (1993), S. 485-491 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Physics of crystal growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary An interpretation of the effect proposed theoretically by Nozières and Gallet (and experimentally observed in4He), according to which the growth ratev of a crystal surface just below the roughening temperatureT R is approximately linear in the disequilibrium Δμ, is given in terms of the properties of the nucleation process in the presence of a characteristic length l. The physical meaning ofl is the distance over which information can propagate on the surface before a new layer is formed. The nucleation barrier is lowered, because the size of a critical nucleus cannot exceedl, the latter being in turn proportional tov −1/2. A self-consistency condition ensues. The effect takes place when the correlation length ξ, which diverges atT R, becomes comparable tol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 13 (1991), S. 919-937 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Fluid surfaces and fluid-fluid interfaces ; Phase transitions and critical phenomena ; Solid-fluid interfaces
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Surface melting is strongly influenced by the interaction between the solid-liquid interface and the liquid-vapour interface. Unretarded electromagnetic dispersion forces yield a potential of the formH/l 2, wherel is the distance between the interfaces (thickness of the quasi-liquid film) andH is the appropriate Hamaker constant. We have adopted the well-known treatment of dispersion forces of Lifshitzet al., where the frequency-dependent conductivities of solid and liquid are the primary quantities for the calculation of this Hamaker constant. Using the dielectric functions obtained from experimental data, numerical values forH are obtained for Al, Pb, Au, Bi and Ge. The Hamaker constant of the metals is found to be positive and is discussed in connection with recent experimental data on surface melting, particularly of Pb(110) and Al(110). The Hamaker constants of Bi (semimetal) and Ge (semiconductor) are negative, allowing at most blocked surface melting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 4 (1982), S. 14-15 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology and head & neck 195 (1969), S. 55-67 
    ISSN: 1434-4726
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The time of appearance and subsequent morphogenetic development of the tensor tympani and stapedius muscles in man were investigated in human embryos and foetuses (from 14 to 220 mm C.R. length). It was found that the primordia of both muscles form approximately at the end of the second month of intra-uterine life. The primordium of the tensor tympani muscle is situated laterally to the dilated extremity of the tubotympanic recess. The primordium of the stapedius muscle lies next to the facial nerve and stapedial artery. Differentiation of the muscle fibres occurs earlier in the tensor tympani muscle than in the stapedius muscle. The development of the middle ear muscles parallels that of the various structures of the middle ear with which they are in contact.
    Notes: Zusanzmenfassung Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wollen die Verfasser den Zeitpunkt des Erscheinens sowie die darauffolgenden morphogenetischen Prozesse des M. tensor tympani and des M. stapedius beim Menschon untersuchen. Diese bei menschlichen Feten (von CR 14 mm his CR 220 mm) durchgeführte Untersuchung zeigte, daß sich die Anlagen beider Muskeln ungefähr am Ende des zweiten intrauterinen Lebensmonats bilden. Die Anlage des M. tensor tympani liegt lateral zum erweiterten Ende des tubo-tympanalen Rohres, während die Anlage des M. stapedius neben dem N. facialis und der A. stapedialis sitzt. Insgesamt unterstreichen sie, daß die Differenzierungsprozesse der Muskelfasern im M. tensor tympani frühzeitiger stattfinden. Die Verfasser stellten fest, daß die Entwicklung der Innenohrmuskeln Hand in Hand mit jener der verschiedenen Mittelohrorgane schreitet, mit welchen sie in direkter Beziehung stehen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of statistical physics 64 (1991), S. 579-604 
    ISSN: 1572-9613
    Keywords: Growth ; nucleation ; roughness ; six-vertex model ; stochastic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The growth of bcc crystals is studied using van Beijeren's mapping onto the six-vertex model. The growth-evaporation processes are described in terms of vertices. The time evolution is given by a master equation for the probability of the six-vertex configurations. The model, studied in the finite-size case by both Monte Carlo and analytic methods, applies to the (001) surface and its vicinal surfaces. Different growth modes (including nucleation) are found, depending on the strength of disequilibrium and on temperature, and the transition between them is investigated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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