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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Solvent Effects on Radical Polymerization of Vinyl Benzoate and Phenyl Methacrylate (1977)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 10 (1977), S. 501-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma60056a054
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Radical polymerization of methacryloyl isocyanate containing 1-adamantanol (1999)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 42 (1999), S. 373-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Summary Radical polymerization of the methacryloyl isocyanate containing 1-adamantanol (Ad-MAI) with AIBN in different solvents at 60°C was investigated. It is observed that polymerization is slower in polar solvents than in nonpolar ones. The rate of polymerization for Ad-MAI was found to be slower than those of Adph-MAI and MMA both in photopolymerization and in thermal polymerization. Copolymerization of Ad-MAI (M1) with styrene (M2) in benzene was studied at 60°C. The monomer reactivity ratio was calculated to be r1=1.53 and r2=0.76 according to the method of Fineman-Ross. The prominent glass transition temperature for poly(Ad-MAI) was observed at 142°C from global TSC spectrum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002890050478
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Dilute solution properties of naphthalene-labeled cationic poly(dimethyl sulfate quaternized acrylamide/N,N-dimethylaminopropylmaleimide copolymer) (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 4 (1997), S. 57-63 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Schlagwort(e): Polyelectrolyte ; Reduced viscosity ; Intrinsic viscosity
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The properties of a novel cationic, naphthalene-labeled cationic poly(dimethyl sulfate quaternized acrylamide/N,N-dimethylaminopropylmaleimide copolymer), poly-(DSQADMAPM)/NA in aqueous solution are examined in this study, measuring intrinsic viscosity, reduced viscosity, and ionic strength. This cationic poly(DSQADMAPM)/NA’s intrinsic viscosity is dependent on the type and concentration of salt added to the aqueous solution. The intrinsic viscosity behavior of the cationic poly(DSQADMAPM)/NA resulting from the electrostatic repulsive force of the polymer chain is contrasted with polyampholyte. Smaller anions such as F− with a common cation (K+) are found to be the most difficult to be bound to the end group, indicating that a higher intrinsic viscosity of the poly(DSQADMAPM)/NA would be in KF salt aqueous solution. Smaller cations such as Li+ with a common anion (Cl−) are found to be the most difficult to be bound to the quaternary ammonium group, indicating that a higher intrinsic viscosity of the poly(DSQADMAPM)/NA would also be in LiCI salt aqueous solution. Models are proposed to account for the poly(DSQADMAPM)/NA solution viscometrics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0008-0
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Permselectivities of aromatic polyamide membranes for aqueous alcohol mixtures in pervaporation (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 5 (1998), S. 31-36 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Schlagwort(e): Pervaporation ; BAPPH ; Aromatic polyamide ; Solubility ; Membrane
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract The separation of water/alcohol mixtures was carried out using a series of fluorine-containing aromatic polyamide membranes. Aromatic polyamides were prepared by direct polycondensation of fluorine-containing diamine (2,2-bis[4-(4-aminophenoxy)phenyl]hexafluoropropane, BAPPH) and various aromatic diacids. The separation factor toward water increased when the feed ethanol concentration was increased. The solubility of ethanol in aromatic polyamide membrane is higher than that of the water, but the diffusivity of water across the membrane is higher than that of alcohols. A separation factor of 83 and a permeation rate of 262 g/m2h with a 90 wt% feed ethanol concentration at 25 °C was obtained.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0037-8
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermal degradation of sulfone-containing polyarylates (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 1 (1994), S. 211-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Schlagwort(e): Polyarylate ; Bisphenol-A ; DCDPS ; IPA ; TGA ; Thermal degradation ; Lifetime
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Polyarylates were prepared from direct polycondensation of aromatic dicarboxylic acid such as 4,4'-dicarboxy diphenyl sulfone (DCDPS), isophthalic acid (IPA), and bisphenol-A (SPA) by means of ptoluenesulfonyl chloride and DMF in pyridine. We used thermogravimetric analysis to investigate the thermal decomposition of polyarylates and to determine kinetic parameters such as activation energy, preexponential factor and reaction order. Such information is useful for quick estimation of polymer lifetimes. Polyarylate derived from DCDPS-BPA has a longer lifetime than DCDPS/IPA-BPA or IPA-BPA at any given temperature, indicating that the former has better thermal stability than the latter.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01374097
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Radical polymerization of mono- and di-methacrylic esters containing bisphenol-S (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 207 (1993), S. 43-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Die radikalische Polymerisation von Bisphenol-S enthaltenden Mono- und Dimethacrylsaureestern (BPS-M und BPS-DM) wurde bezüglich Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit, Läsungsmitteleinfluß, Copolymerisation und Kinetik der Photovernetzung untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß das Lösungsmittel die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit signifikant beeinflußt; polare Lösungsmittel wie DMSO und Acetonitril verlangsamen die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit. Die Copolymerisation von BPS-M (M1) mit MMA (M1) wurde in Aceton bei 60°C untersucht. Die Copolymerisationsparameter wurden nach der Fineman-Ross-Methode zu r1 = 3,72 ± 0,0l und r2 = 0,80 ± 0,0l berechnet. Die hohe Reaktivität von BPS-M in diesem Copolymerisationssystem kann vermutlich dem „Matrix-Effekt“ zugeschrieben werden. Funktionelle Polymere mit Methacrylat- Seitengruppen wurden erfolgreich modifiziert und durch Bestrahlung in Gegenwart von Benzoinisopropylether photovernetzt. Die Kinetik der Photovernetzung ist zweiter Ordnung.
    Notizen: Radical polymerizations of mono- and di-methacrylic esters containing bisphenol-S (BPS-M and BPS-DM) were studied in terms of polymerization rate, solvent effect, copolymerization and kinetic measurements of photocrosslinking. The solvents were found to affect significantly the polymerization rate. Polar solvents such as DMSO and acetonitrile were found to slow down the polymerization rate. Copolymerization of BPS-M(M1) with MMA(M2) was studied in acetone at 60°C. The monomer reactivity ratios were calculated to be r1 = 3.72 ± 0.01 and r2 = 0.80 ± 0.01 by the Fineman-Ross method. The high reactivity of BPS-M observed in this copolymerization system may be due to the “matrix effect”. Functional polymers containing methacrylate side-groups were successfully modified and photocrosslinked by irradiation in the presence of benzoin isopropyl ether. The photocrosslinking process is found to be of second order kinetics.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1993.052070105
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Phosphorus-containing polyurethanes based on bisphenol A via N-alkylation (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 239 (1996), S. 191-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Phosphorhaltige Polyurethane (PU-P) auf der Basis von Bisphenol A wurden durch N-Alkylierung hergestellt und mittels IR- und 1H NMR-Spektroskopie charakterisiert. Physikalische und thermische Eigenschaften dieser Polyurethane wurden mittels Differentialkalorimetrie, Thermogravimetrie, Röntgenbeugung und Untersuchungen der Löslichkeit, der Feuerbeständigkeit (Sauerstoffindex, LOI) und der reduzierten Viskosität bestimmt. Die Glastemperaturen der N-alkylierten Polymeren sanken von 120°C für das Ausgangspolymere bis auf 29°C für das N-alkylierte Polyurethan mit 2 Gew.-% Phosphor. Die Viskosität der N-alkylierten Polyurethane nahm von 0,36 dL g-1 auf 0,24 dL g-1 ab. Die phosphorhaltigen Polyurethane besitzen eine geringere thermische Stabilität und bessere Löslichkeit sowie höhere Feuerbeständlgkeit als das Ausgangspolymere. Die Röntgenstreuexperimente ergaben, daß ein erhöhter Phosphorgehalt der Polyurethane die Kristallinität herabsetzt.
    Notizen: Phosporus-containing polyurethanes (PU-P) based on bisphenol A were prepared by N-alkylation. The structures of N-alkylated polyurethanes were characterized by IR and 1H NMR spectra. Physical and thermal properties of the phosphorus-containing polyurethanes were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction, tests of solubility, limiting oxygen index (LOI) and reduced viscosity. Tg of the N-alkylated polymers decreased from 120°C for the starting polymer to 29°C of the 2.0 wt.-% phosphorus-containing polyurethanes. The viscosity of N-alkylated polyurethanes also decreased from 0.36 dL g-1 to 0.24 dL g-1. The thermal stability of polyurethanes decreased on the introduction of phosphorus groups. The LOI values of polyurethanes showed that fire resistance of phosphorus-containing polyurethanes was enhanced. X-ray diffraction measurements showed that the increased phosphorus content was accompanied by decreased crystallinity of the polyurethanes. The solubility of PU-P was improved.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052390116
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The relative physical and thermal properties of polyurethane elastomers. Effect of chain extenders derived from dihydroxynaphthalene (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 245 (1997), S. 89-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Polyurethanelastomere wurden in Gegenwart von zwei Dihydroxynaphthalin(DHN)-Verbindungen und deren bromierter Derivate als Kettenverlängerer hergestellt. Als Polyole wurden Polycaprolactondiol und Polytetramethylenglykol und als Diisocyanat-Komponenten Diphenylmethandiisocyanat (MDI) und Dicyclohexylmethan-4,4′-diisocyanat (HMDI) eingesetzt. Der Einfluß der Struktur der Kettenverlängerer auf die physikalischen und thermischen Eigenschaften der Polyurethane wurde untersucht. Wegen der besseren Phasenmischungswirkung der 1,5-DHN-Segmente haben die damit hergestellten Polyurethane höhere Glasübergangstemperaturen und bessere dynamische Eigenschaften als die Polyurethane auf 2,7-DHN-Basis. Der Einbau von bromierten DHN-Einheiten erschwert die Entflammbarkeit. Durch das große freie Volumen der Bromatome wird jedoch die Rotation der DHN-Einheiten eingeschränkt, was zu Polyurethanen mit verringerten Phasenmischungs- und Kristallisationsgraden führt. Die bromhaltigen Polyurethane zeigen zudem eine Verschlechterung der mechanischen und physikalischen Eigenschaften und eine erhöhte Löslichkeit.
    Notizen: Polyurethane elastomers were synthesized based on polyols such as poly(caprolactonediol) and poly(tetramethylene glycol), diisocyanates such as diphenylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (MDI) and dicyclohexylmethane-4,4′-diisocyanate (HMDI), and two dihydroxynaphthalenes (DHNs) and their brominated derivatives used as chain extenders. The effects of the chemical structures of the chain extenders on the physical and thermal properties of the polyurethanes were investigated. Because of the higher degree of phase mixing of the 1,5-DHN unit, the 1,5-DHN-based polyurethanes have higher Tg values and higher dynamic properties than 2,7-DHN-based polyurethanes. Introduction of bromine atoms increased the flame retardance. However, the large free volume of bromine atoms restricted the rotation of DHNs, thus, directly decreasing the degree of phase-mixing and crystallinity of the polyurethanes. Introducing bromine atoms also decreased the mechanical and dynamic properties and increased the solubility of the polyurethanes.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1997.052450108
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Effect of zinc chloride on the radical polymerization of cyclohexyl acrylate (1983)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 184 (1983), S. 29-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: The paper presents a study of the radical polymerization of cyclohexyl acrylate (CHA) in the presence of ZnCl2. It was found by IR, 1H NMR, and 13C NMR spectroscopy that a complex of ZnCl2 with CHA is formed. For copolymerization of CHA with vinylidene chloride, both the Q- and e-value of CHA increased with the ZnCl2 concentration. The initiation rate and kp2/kt were determined using DPPH as an inhibitor. It was found that ZnCl2 did not affect the initiation rate. The kp value of CHA was determined to be about 2720 1 · mol-1 · s-1 in the absence and 4710 1 · mol-1 · s-1 in the presence of ZnCl2 by the rotating sector method. The enhanced polymerization rate of CHA in the presence of ZnCl2 can be ascribed to the large kp value. The termination rate constant is not significantly affected by the presence of ZnCl2.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1983.021840104
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Synthesis and characterization of sulfone-containing polyesters derived from 4,4′-dicarboxydiphenyl sulfone by direct polycondensation (1995)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 33 (1995), S. 605-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Schlagwort(e): direct polycondensation ; polyester ; 4,4′-dicarboxydiphenyl sulfone ; toluenesulfonyl chloride ; N,N′-dimethylformamide ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Several sulfone-containing polyesters having inherent viscosities 0.43-0.19 dL g-1 were prepared by direct polycondensation of 4,4′-dicarboxydiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) with various aromatic and aliphatic diols, by p-toluenesulfonyl chloride and N,N′-dimethylformamide in pyridine solution. The polyesters were examined by elementary analysis, IR spectra, inherent viscosity, x-ray diffraction, solubility, DSC, and TGA. The diffraction diagram showed that all polyesters were crystalline except that obtained from bisphenol-A. All polymers were soluble in sulfonic acid (18M), phenol and p-chlorophenol, but not in acetone and toluene. These polymers obtained from aromatic bisphenols lost no mass below 325°C, but 10% loss of mass was recorded above 396°C in nitrogen. DCDPS copolymerized with isophthalic acid (IPA) and bisphenol-A had inherent viscosity up to 0.49 dL g-1, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\overline {M}_w = 5.2 \times 10^4$$\end{document} with relatively narrow distribution of molar mass \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$\left({{\overline {M}_w } / {\overline {M}_n }} = 1.9\right)$$\end{document}. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1995.080330401
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