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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 3 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The plastic work to propagate a fatigue crack by a unit area, U, measured by the foil strain gage technique requires an extrapolation to estimate the contribution closer than 100 μm to the crack tip. This is due to the size of the strain-gages used, 200 × 210 μm. Conversely, the electron channeling technique for determining U is useful mainly close to the crack tip where subgrains form. In the present work U was measured by both techniques in the same low carbon steel at ΔK= 8 MN/m3/2. The contribution to U from closer than 100 μm of the crack tip was determined to be 1·7 × 106 J/m2 using electron channeling and 2·0 × 106 J/m2 by extrapolation. The measured contribution to U from further than 100 μm from the crack tip was 3·6 × 106 J/m2 giving 5·3 × 106 J/m2 for U. Thus, a large amount of energy is absorbed outside the region where sub-grains form. The non-hysteretic plastic work was found to be about four orders of magnitude smaller than the hysteretic plastic work, and may be neglected. A map of the plastic zone results from the strain-gage measurement. Rice's theory predicts the measured plastic zone sizeif the proper material's strength is employed in the formula.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Matrix Biology 14 (1994), S. 368 
    ISSN: 0945-053X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 22 (1987), S. 1613-1617 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The microstructure of a silicon carbide whisker (SiCw) reinforced 2124 aluminium metal matrix composite was characterized using scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The SiC whiskers ranged in length from approximately 2 to 10 µm, and demonstrated good bonding to the aluminium matrix. In a few cases, the interface between SiC whiskers and the aluminium matrix exhibited wavy characteristics. The size of subgrains in the aluminium matrix was found to be dependent upon that of SiC whiskers. In addition, two types of intermetallic compounds were observed in the composite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 14 (1979), S. 2143-2150 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A study has been made of fatigue crack nucleation and propagation in Al-stainless steel (30 vol%) laminate composites. A Paris type power relationship between the crack growth rate, da/dN, and the alternating stress intensity, ΔK, was obtained over the crack growth rates ranging from 10−7 to 10−4 mm/cycle, with an exponentm of 2.7. The cracks nucleated first in Al strips and then in stainless steel strips accompanied by some interface decohesion. The fatigue crack propagated in two stages. In the first stage, where the Al-steel interface was largely intact, the crack propagated in a plane strain mode (flat fracture surface with striations, each striation consisting of a cluster of interstriations). In the second stage, where there occurred extensive Al-steel interface delamination and the concomitant loss of mutual constraint, the crack propagated in the plane stress mode (slant fracture with voids). The crack growth was faster in Al than that in steel since the apparent striation spacing was larger in the former than in the latter. No one to one correspondence existed between the apparent striation spacing and the macroscopic crack growth rate. Thus, although, microscopically, the crack front was not planar; macroscopically, it could be regarded as planar, and a Paris type power relationship did characterize the macroscopic fatigue crack growth in this laminate system over the applied stress amplitude studied. Comparing the fatigue crack growth rates among Al-steel laminate, commercial or pure aluminium and 304 stainless steel, the Al-steel laminate has the lowest crack growth rate. This plus the weight and cost saving benefits make Al-steel laminate quite attractive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1777
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The fibrillin genes, FBN1 and FBN2, encode large extracellular matrix glycoproteins involved in the structure and function of microfibrils. Mutations in FBN1 are found in patients with Marfan syndrome, a heritable connective tissue disease that primarily affects the cardiovascular, ocular, and skeletal systems. We extended the studies of these genes by determining their chromosomal position in the mouse genome. Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) between the progenitors of an interspecific backcross involving AEJ/Gn and Mus spretus mice were used to establish the segregation patterns of the murine homologs, Fbn1 and Fbn2, in the backcross progeny. The results position Fbn1 between the B2m and Illa genes on mouse Chromosome (Chr) 2 and establish its candidacy for the Tight skin (Tsk) mutation. The results position Fbn2 between the D18Mit35 and Pdgfrb loci in the central region of mouse Chr 18. Fbn2 maps near three mutations [bouncy (bc), plucked (pk), and shaker with syndactyly (sy)] and may be a candidate for the pk mutation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 54 (1992), S. 329-343 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The creep crack propagation behavior of a Cr−Mo−V rotor steel has been investigated at 538°C using time-dependent fracture mechanics concepts. The creep crack propagation lives and the creep deflection rates of double-edge-notched (DEN) specimens were estimated using previous data from compact-type specimens. The predicted crack growth lives and deflection rates compared favorably with the experimental data. When plotted as a function of the C t parameter, the experimentally determined creep crack propagation rates of DEN specimens were found to be in agreement with those of compact and center-crack-tension specimens. These results provide further experimental verification for the validity of the C t parameter for characterizing creep crack growth behavior. Some discrepancies between the predicted and the observed behavior are attributed to primary creep deformation behavior which was not considered in estimating the value of C t .
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 27 (1985), S. R3 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 28 (1985), S. 69-82 
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé On a procédé à la caractérisation, sous charges de fatigue en atmosphère humide de H 2 et d'air, de petites fissures se développant à partir des racines d'entailles arrondies dans des éprouvettes compactes. Les vitesses de croissance des fissures d'une taille allant de 0,125 à 0,750 mm se sont révélé être de deux ordres de grandeur plus grandes que les vitesses prévues dans le cas de fissures conventionnelle, soumises aux mêmes variations de l'intensité de contrainte ΔK. On a également observé que de petites fissures croissaient à ces grandes vitesses seulement dans des atmosphères corrosives, lorsque la fréquence de sollicitation était de 0,02 Hz ou moins. A la fréquence de 10 Hz, le comportement observé s'est trouvé en accord avec les tendances prévues pour des fissures de taille conventionnelle. Les observations ci-dessus sont rationnalisées en un élargissement du concept de représentation monoparamétrique par le facteur K du champ de contraintes et de dilatation à l'extrémité de la fissure, ou en termes des différences rencontrées dans l'environnement local de l'extrémité d'une fissure, selon que celle-ci est longue ou courte, et ce dans un même environnement global. On propose un modèle simple utilisable en pratique, pour représenter de manière adéquate le comportement à la croissance observé pour des petites fissures.
    Notes: Abstract The behavior of small cracks growing out of the roots of blunt notches in compact type specimens of an austenitic steel was characterized under fatigue loading in wet H 2 plus air environment. The growth rates of cracks in the size range of 0.125 mm to 0.75 mm were up to two orders of magnitude higher than the rates expected for conventional cracks at equal stress intensity range, ΔK. It was also observed that the small cracks grew at these fast rates only in corrosive environments when the loading frequency was 0.02 Hz or less. At a frequency of 10 Hz, the behavior was in agreement with the trend predicted for conventional size cracks. The above observations are rationalized in terms of the breakdown of the concept of a single parameter representation of the crack tip stress and strain field by K or in terms of differences in crack tip environments between small and long cracks for the same bulk environment. A simple engineering model is proposed which adequately represents the observed small crack growth behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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