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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 14 (1971), S. 167-169 
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Many processes in fungi are regulated by light, but the molecular mechanisms are not well understood. The White Collar-1 (WC-1) protein is required for all known blue-light responses in Neurospora crassa. In response to light, WC-1 levels increase, and the protein is transiently phosphorylated. To test the hypothesis that the increase in WC-1 levels after light treatment is sufficient to activate light-regulated gene expression, we used microarrays to identify genes that respond to light treatment. We then overexpressed WC-1 in dark-grown tissue and used the microarrays to identify genes regulated by an increase in WC-1 levels. We found that 3% of the genes were responsive to light, whereas 7% of the genes were responsive to WC-1 overexpression in the dark. However, only four out of 22 light-induced genes were also induced by WC-1 overexpression, demonstrating that changes in the levels of WC-1 are not sufficient to activate all light-responsive genes. The WC proteins are also required for circadian rhythms in dark-grown cultures and for light entrainment of the circadian clock, and WC-1 protein levels show a circadian rhythm in the dark. We found that representative samples of the mRNAs induced by over-expression of WC-1 show circadian fluctuations in their levels. These data suggest that WC-1 can mediate both light and circadian responses, with an increase in WC-1 levels affecting circadian clock-responsive gene regulation and other features of WC-1, possibly its phosphorylation, affecting light-responsive gene regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 11 (1987), S. 534-540 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Depuis novembre, 1981, dans notre clinique, nous avons traité 50 malades par chimiothérapie régionale isolée, la majorité d'entre eux présentant des métastases de cancer colo-rectal, le traitement ayant été mis en oeuvre 9 mois environ après l'intervention dont la mortalité aviat été de 8 pour cent. Les agents cytostatiques employés isolément ou en combinaison furent le 5-FU (300–1,250 mg), la mitomycine C (5–50 mg), quatre malades ayant été traités par le cisplatinium (50 mg). Chez 41 malades, il fut possible de suivre l'évolution. Le temps médian de survie fut de 14 mois; 11 malades étaient en vie après 24 mois; les patients décédés ont vécu 12.5 mois. Un traitement complémentaire à l'aide de cycles de perfusion intra-artérielle a paru augmenter la survie (sans traitement complémentaire: 7.5 mois, avec traitement complémentaire: 18 mois). Neuf (22%) des 41 malades suivis ont présenté une rémission complète, 28 (68%) une rémission partielle. Chez 40% des malades présentant des métastases hépatiques, des métastases pulmonaires ou des récidives locales se sont développées. Les avantages de la perfusion isolée du foie que nous considérons sont le fait en particulier des concentrations très élevées des drogues cytostatiques perfusées et de la perfusion complémentaire de la veine porte. Ce mode de traitement ne saurait être appliqué q'une fois.
    Abstract: Resumen A partir de noviembre de 1981 se han tratado 50 pacientes con quimioterapia regional aislada en nuestra clínica, predominantemente pacientes con metástasis de carcinomas colorrectales, 9 meses después de la operación primaria, en promedio. La letalidad de la operación es de 8%. Las drogas citostáticas aplicadas como agente único o en combinación fueron 5-FU (300–1,250 mg), mitomicina C (5–50 mg), y también, en 4 casos, el cis-platino (50 mg). En 41 pacientes se pudo estudiar la evolución de la enfermedad. El promedio de supervivencia para la totalidad de los pacientes fue de 14 meses, de 24 meses en 11 pacientes que todavía vivían, y de 12.5 meses para los que murieron. Un tratamiento adicional con ciclos de infusión intraarterial parece extender el tiempo de supervivencia (sin tratamiento adicional: 7.5 meses, con tratamiento adicional: 18 meses). Nueve (22%) de 41 pacientes presentaron remisión completa, 28 (68%) remisión parcial. En 40% de los pacientes con tumores hepáticos secundarios se desarrollaron metástasis pulmonares y/o recurrencias locales del tumor. Consideramos que las ventajas de la perfusión hepática aislada se relaciona especialmente con las muy elevadas concentraciones de droga citostática en el circuito de infusión y la perfusión adicional de la vena porta. Ciertamente este tipo de principio terapéutico puede ser aplicado solamente una vez y la perfusión hepática aislada debe ser completada mediante otras modalidades de tratamiento.
    Notes: Abstract Since Novermber, 1981, 50 patients (predominantly those with metastases of colorectal carcinomas) have been treated in our clinic by an isolated regional chemotherapy on an average of 9 months after the primary operation. The mortality rate was 8%. The cytostatic drugs applied alone or in combination were 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) (300–1,250 mg) and mitomycin C (5–50 mg) in 46 patients, and 5-FU, mitomycin C, and cisplatin (50 mg) in 4 patients. The course of the disease was observed in 41 patients. The median survival was 14 months, 24 months in 11 patients still living, and 12.5 months in those patients who died. An additional treatment with cycles of an intraarterial infusion therapy seeemed to extend the survival time (7.5 months without additional treatment, 18 months with additional treatment). Nine (22%) of 41 patients had a complete remission, and 28 (68%), a partial remission. Lung metastases and/or local tumor recurrences arose in 40% of the patients with secondary liver tumors. We consider the very high cytostatic drug concentrations in the infusion circuit and the additional perfusion of the portal vein to be the advantages of isolated liver perfusion (ILP). Certainly, this therapy can be applied only once, and ILP must be completed by another means of treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1433-0385
    Keywords: Key words: Chronic pancreatitis ; Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection. ; Schlüsselwörter: Chronische Pankreatitis ; duodenumerhaltende Pankreaskopfresektion.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung. Bei Patienten mit chronischer Pankreatitis ist der entzündliche Prozeß im Pankreaskopf häufig Schrittmacher der Krankheit; der entzündliche Pankreaskopftumor verursacht das Schmerzsyndrom und führt bei der Hälfte der Patienten zu lokalen Komplikationen. Die duodenumerhaltende Pankreaskopfresektion bietet gegenüber den in der Vergangenheit praktizierten Verfahren den Vorteil der Erhaltung von Magen, Duodenum und Gallenwegen sowie der Erhaltung der Insulinsekretionskapazität. Die duodenumerhaltende Pankreaskopfresektion entspricht einer minimalisierten subtotalen Resektion des Pankreaskopfes. Bei 380 Patienten war die Krankenhausletalität 0,8 %, die Reoperationsfrequenz 5,3 %. Die mittlere postoperative Krankenhausliegezeit war 13,9 Tage. Frühpostoperativ war der Glucosestoffwechsel bei 2 % verschlechtert und bei 9 % verbessert. Nach einer medianen Nachbeobachtungszeit von 6 Jahren sind 88 % der Patienten vollständig schmerzfrei bzw. haben selten Bauchschmerzen; 63 % sind wieder voll berufstätig; die Spätletalität beträgt 8,9 %. Nur 10 % der Patienten erlitten weitere Pankreatitisschübe. Der entscheidende Vorteil der duodenumerhaltenden Pankreaskopfresektion besteht in der Erhaltung der endokrinen Funktion der Bauchspeicheldrüse bei Schonung der Pankreasnachbarorgane.
    Notes: Summary. In patients with chronic pancreatitis the inflammatory process in the pancreatic head is frequently the pacemaker of the disease. In these cases an inflammatory tumor develops which leads to local complications in half of the patients. Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection, contrary to procedures used in the past, offers the possibility to preserve stomach, duodenum, biliary tree, and the insulin secretory capacity. Duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection is a subtotal resection of the pancreatic head. In a series of 380 patients the hospital mortality rate was 0.8 %, the frequency of reoperation 5.3 %, and the median hospitalisation time 13.9 days. The early postoperative glucose metabolism was deteriorated in 2 % and improved in 9 % of cases. After a median follow-up time of 6 years, 88 % of the patients were completely painfree or suffered pain rarely. Sixty-three percent were gainfully employed; the late mortality was 8.9 %. Only 10 % of the patients had further bouts of pancreatitis. The decisive advantage of duodenum-preserving pancreatic head resection over Kausch-Whipple resection is preservation of the endocrine pancreatic function and of neighbouring organs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Carbohydrate Research 69 (1979), S. 301-304 
    ISSN: 0008-6215
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To determine the optimal concentration time factors for the fluoropyrimidines 5-fluorouracil (FU), 5-fluorouridine (FUR), and 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine (FUdR) in regional chemotherapy, we tested these drugs against the colorectal carcinoma cell line HT 29 at various dosages and exposure times. The measure of cytotoxicity used was the degree of inhibition of colony formation in soft agar after drug treatment compared with untreated control cells. Colonies were visible after 6 days of growth in soft agar, so the initial evaluation of toxicity was done at this time. Additional colonies were found 10 and 16 days after the first evaluation, so the dishes containing the treated cells were also evaluated for this delayed growth phenomenon (“regrowth”), which we considered to be due to a cell growth inhibition effect of the drugs rather than a cytocidal effect. Exposure times of the cells to the drugs ranged from 5 min to 24 h and the doses, between 0.01 and 1000 μg/ml. The toxicity of FUdR was concentration-dependent, but its time dependence ceased after a relatively short exposure time. There was a cell population that was not susceptible to FUdR regardless of dose and exposure time; consequently, FUdR treatment was always accompanied by substantial regrowth of colonies. With FU and FUR, conditions could be achieved that resulted in complete cell death (no regrowth), but high concentrations and long exposure times were required with FU. With FUR, on the other hand, both cytostasis and cytoxicity could be achieved with substantially lower doses and shorter exposure times than with FU. These results indicate that FUR has the potential to be an effective drug in chemotherapy protocols not involving systemic administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Skeletal radiology 24 (1995), S. 117-121 
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Glenoid labrum ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Three-dimensional volume scan
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The objective of this study was to assess the accuracy of three-dimensional (3D) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reformation in the evaluation of tears of the glenoid labrum complex (GLC). Fifty-five shoulders were evaluated by MRI using standard spin-echo sequences. Gradient-refocused-echo axial projections were used to assess the GLC on the two-dimensional (2D) studies. Three-dimensional Fourier transform multiplanar gradient-recalled imaging with a resolution of 0.7 mm was also performed in all patients. Independent analyses of the anterior and posterior labra were performed in a blinded manner for both the 2D and 3D studies by three experienced musculoskeletal radiologists. Observations of the imaging studies were compared with the videoarthroscopic findings. The appearance of the GLC was rated on a scale of 0 to 4 (0–2=normal, 3, 4=abnormal or torn). The diagnostic confidence was averaged from the three reader's scores. Anterior labral tears were effectively detected with sensitivities of 89% and 96% and specificities of 96% and 100% (P〈0.0001) for the 2D and 3D studies, respectively. For posterior labral tears, the sensitivity and specificity of the 2D method were 47% and 98%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of the 3D volume sequence were 53% and 98%, respectively. The lower sensitivity of both imaging methods for detecting posterior labral tears may be influenced by the smaller number (n=5) of arthroscopically confirmed cases in our study and reflects the difficulty of viusalizing the posteroinferior borders of the GLC with present MRI techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-8892
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 383 (1998), S. 416-426 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Keywords: Key words Rectal cancer ; Local relapse ; Multimodal therapy ; Adjuvant radiotherapy ; Adjuvant radiochemotherapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Local relapse is a major problem after potentially curative rectal cancer surgery. Although the incidence of local recurrences may be reduced by specialized surgical techniques such as total mesorectal excision (TME), local relapse rates of 20% or higher are the surgical reality today. Studies using adjuvant postoperative radiotherapy, chemotherapy, radiochemotherapy or immunotherapy have tried to reduce local relapse rates and distant progression. Postoperative radiochemotherapy has been the recommended standard, after complete resection of Union Internationale Contra la Cancrum (UICC) stages II and III rectal cancers. In view of recent positive results with preoperative radiotherapy of TME without adjuvant therapy, we found it important to review the literature to update the recommendable adjuvant procedure in rectal cancer. Method/Patients: The literature from 1985 to May 1998 was reviewed for studies trying to either confirm or improve adjuvant therapy in rectal cancer. Only randomized controlled trials were analyzed with regard to their effectiveness in reducing the absolute rates of local recurrence and improving survival. Results: Two trials applying adjuvant radiotherapy were able to demonstrate the reduction of local relapse rates, one trial with marginal significance, both without impact on survival. Four trials involving 1104 patients with rectal cancer stages UICC II–III compared postoperative radiochemotherapy with either surgical controls, adjuvant radiotherapy or conventional radiochemotherapy. In these trials, local relapse rates were significantly reduced by 11–18%, and survival rates significantly improved by 10–14%. Severe acute toxicities occurred in 50–61% of the patients, compromising compatibility, and caused death in 0–1%. Small-bowel obstruction leading to surgery was noted in 2–6% and to death in up to 2% of the patients. Intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) improved local control and survival after surgery of locally advanced disease/local relapse. Conclusion: In view of four trials demonstrating a significant benefit of postoperative radiochemotherapy and with regard to recent still-debatable results of preoperative short-term radiotherapy optimal surgery with lowest local relapse rates plus postoperative radiochemotherapy remains the actual recommendable standard for rectal cancer surgery in R0 resected tumors stages UICC II+III.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Langenbeck's archives of surgery 369 (1986), S. 827-828 
    ISSN: 1435-2451
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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