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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 3 (1964), S. 199-203 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 31 (1990), S. 6625-6628 
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0029-5493
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Bioenergetics 1056 (1991), S. 243-249 
    ISSN: 0005-2728
    Keywords: Circular dichroism ; Cytochrome b ; Membrane protein ; Protein modelling ; Sequence analysis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Bone neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Magnification radiography ; Bones ; radiography ; Radiography ; comparative studies ; Radiography ; technology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To evaluate the potentials of magnification radiography as compared with conventional radiography in diagnosing bone tumors. Design and patients. Sixty-two patients with primary bone tumors and tumorlike lesions underwent radiography with both conventional (non-magnified) and magnification (fivefold) techniques. All radiographs were analyzed by four radiologists and the findings correlated with the histopathology findings. The microfocal X-ray unit used for magnification radiography had a focal spot size of 20–130 μm. Digital luminescence radiography was employed with magnification, while normal film-screen systems were used with conventional radiography. Results. The diagnosis of benign and malignant lesions as well as the individual tumor diagnosis were determined with higher accuracy using magnification compared with conventional radiography (88% vs 75% and 71% vs 52%, p〈0.01). Margins of destruction, periosteal reactions and matrix patterns were evaluated with higher certainty by all of the radiologists (p〈0.01). Conclusion. Magnification radiography may improve the evaluation and diagnosis of bone tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2161
    Keywords: Key words Malignant fibrous histiocytoma ; Bone tumors ; MRI ; Conventional radiography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Objective. To evaluate the conventional X-ray and MR imaging features of malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of bone. Design. MRI examinations and conventional radiographs were reviewed in 39 patients with biopsy-proven MFH. Imaging characteristics were analyzed and the differential diagnoses assessed in a masked fashion by two experienced radiologists. Results. Typical X-ray features included aggressive, destructive tumor growth centrally located in the metaphysis of long bones. Periosteal reactions and expansive growth were rarely seen. On MR images extraosseous tumor spread was frequently noted. On T2-weighted images and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images most of the tumors displayed an inhomogeneous, nodular signal pattern with peripheral Gd-DTPA enhancement. Conclusions. Although several MR imaging criteria were typical for MFH none of them was specific. X-ray diagnosis of MFH may also prove difficult, with the main differential diagnosis being metastasis in the older and osteosarcoma in the younger population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Vergrößerungsradiographie ; Direktradiographische Vergrößerung ; Mikrofokus ; Hyperparathyreoidismus ; Kortikale Knochenresorption ; Key words Magnification radiography ; Direct magnification radiography ; Microfocus ; Hyperparathyroidism ; Cortical bone resorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: To compare direct magnification radiography and mammographic film-screen systems in osseous changes of the hand in hyperparathyroidism. Materials and methods: The hands of 60 patients who were suspected to have primary (5), secondary or tertiary (both 55) hyperparathyroidism were evaluated with direct magnification radiography and a mammographic film-screen system (S12.5). Posterior-anterior views of each hand were obtained with both techniques. The magnification radiographs were made with a focal spot size of 40 or 60 μm, digital luminescence radiography (S600/1200), and a × 6 or 8 magnification. The 240 films were evaluated for subperiosteal, intracortical and endosteal resorptive changes by five radiologists using a grading according to five levels of confidence. Results: A significant improvement (p 〈 0.05) in the diagnosis of periosteal and intracortical bone resorption was shown, but no significant changes in endosteal resorption with direct magnification radiography. As compared to mammographic film-screen systems, magnification radiography improved the diagnostic accuracy (24 %). The time needed for the evaluation of periosteal and intracortical bone resorption was shortened with direct magnification radiography (− 4 %/ − 15 %), and the time for giving the diagnosis decreased (− 10 %).
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel: Vergleich der direktradiographischen Vergrößerung mit der Mammographietechnik am Handskelett beim HPT im Rahmen einer Interobserverstudie Methode: 60 Patienten mit dem Verdacht eines primären (5), sekundären oder tertiären (zusammen 55) Hyperparathyreoidismus (HPT) wurden untersucht. Von beiden Händen wurde je eine Röntgenaufnahme sowohl in Mammographietechnik mit einem konventionellen S-12,5-Film-Folien-System als auch mit Hilfe der direktradiographischen Vergrößerung in einer Ebene angefertigt. Als Mikrofokus wurde ein 40- bzw. 60-μm-Brennfleck, als Abbildungssystem die digitale Lumineszenzradiographie (S600/1200) bei einer 6- oder 8 fachen Vergrößerung verwandt. Auf den 240 Röntgenaufnahmen wurden von 5 Untersuchern im Rahmen einer Interobserverstudie subperiostale, intrakortikale und endostale Resorptionen mit Hilfe einer 5-stufigen Bewertungsskala bestimmt. Ergebnisse: Es fand sich eine signifikant höhere Nachweisrate (p 〈 0,05) der subperiostalen und intrakortikalen Resorption durch die direktradiographische Vergrößerung, keine signifikante Verbesserung bei endostalen Resorptionen. Durch die Vergrößerungstechnik war in 24 % der Patienten die Diagnose eines HPT möglich, die mit der Mammographietechnik nicht gestellt wurde. Zudem verkürzte sich die Zeit, in der die subperiostalen und intrakortikalen Resorptionen erkannt (−4 %/−15 %) und die Diagnose gefunden wurde ( − 10 %).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Magnetresonanztomographie ; MR-Kontrastmittel ; paramagnetische ; Arthritiden ; Frühdiagnostik ; Chronische Polyarthritis ; Key words Magnetic resonance imaging ; MR contrast media ; paramagnetic ; Inflammatory joint disease ; diagnosis ; Rheumatoid arthritis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic and clinical usefulness of a new non-ionic, hydrophilic gadolinium (III) chelate [Gd(HP-DO3A), gadoteridol, ProHance] and to compare it with Gd-DTPA (gadopentetate dimeglumine, Magnevist). Methods: In a Phase III clinical trial, 20 patients with rheumatic joint disease were examined before and after intravenous administration of gadoteridol in two different doses (0.1 and 0.3 mmol/kg bodyweight). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 1.5 T with T1-weighted FLASH and T2-weighted spin echo sequences. Fourteen patients were examined with gadopentetate dimeglumine for comparison. Dynamic changes of signal intensity in the joints and muscle tissue were determined quantitatively. Results: No significant changes in cardiovascular data and no adverse effects occurred after injection of gadoteridol. The 0.3 mmol/kg dose showed no advantage in diagnostic contrast over the 0.1 mmol/kg dose. No significant differences (p 〉 0.01) were noted between gadoteridol and gadopentetate dimeglumine in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: Gadoteridol proved useful in the detection of early rheumatoid arthritis. No significant differences were observed between the two gadoteridol doses. There were no diagnostically relevant differences between gadoteridol and gadopentetate dimeglumine.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Ziel der Studie war es, die klinische Verträglichkeit und die diagnostische Wertigkeit von Gadoteridol für die Beurteilung entzündlicher Gelenkveränderungen zu untersuchen. Im Rahmen einer Phase-III-Studie wurden 20 Patienten mit rheumatischen Gelenkerkrankungen vor und nach intravenöser Injektion des gadoliniumhaltigen, paramagnetischen Kontrastmittels Gadoteridol (Gd(HP-DO3A), ProHance®) MR-tomographisch untersucht. Zwei Kontrastmitteldosen (0,1 und 0,3 mmol/kg Körpergewicht) wurden evaluiert und ein Vergleichskollektiv von 14 Patienten mit Gadopentetat Dimeglumin (Gd-DTPA, Magnevist®) untersucht. Dynamische Signalintensitätsveränderungen der Gelenkstrukturen nach Kontrastmittelinjektion wurden quantitativ bestimmt. Bei guter Verträglichkeit der Kontrastmittelverabreichung ergaben sich bis 2 h nach Injektion von Gadoteridol keine signifikanten Änderungen der Kreislaufparameter. Die Dosis von 0,1 mmol/kg Körpergewicht erwies sich bei 1,5 Tesla als diagnostisch ausreichend. Gadoteridol zeigte im Vergleich zu Gadopentetat Dimeglumin bei frühen rheumatischen Gelenkveränderungen keine signifikanten Unterschiede bezogen auf qualitative Parameter und quantitativ bestimmte dynamische Signalintensitätsveränderungen (p 〉 0,01).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Key words:Lumbar vertebrae, area – Osteoporosis – Quantitative computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The purpose of this study was to analyze the midvertebral area of lumbar vertebrae in osteoporotic and nonosteoporotic female patients and to find out whether the midvertebral area may be used as an additional parameter in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. In 195 peri- and postmenopausal patients (average age 51.7 ± 5.2 years) trabecular and cortical bone mineral density (BMD) were determined using quantitative CT (QCT) in L2–4. In addition, midvertebral cross-sectional area was measured in a standardized fashion on the CT sections and the height of the second lumbar vertebra was determined on the lateral digital radiographs. Body height and weight were obtained and vertebral fracture status was determined. According to WHO criteria 29 patients (average age 57.2 years) were considered osteoporotic, 93 osteopenic (average age 52.2 years) and 73 normal (average age 48.6 years). Body weight and size did not show significant differences between the individual groups. Average midvertebral area was 1278 ± 173 mm2 in the osteoporotic patients, 1186 ± 125 mm2 in the osteopenic patients and 1126 ± 127 mm2 in the normals. A correlation of r=−0.39 (p〈0.05) was obtained between BMD and area. Thirty-six of 195 patients showed osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Midvertebral area in these patients was 1266 ± 171 mm2 versus 1159 ± 133 mm2 in the nonfractured females (p〈0.05). We therefore conclude that the lumbar midvertebral area is larger in osteoporotic and osteopenic patients compared with women with normal BMD. In contrast to biomechanical considerations midvertebral area seems not to be suited as an additional measure of bone strength in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Ultrasound—Velocity—Elasticity—Structure—Density.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Studies have indicated that quantitative ultrasound (QUS) variables may be influenced by the mechanical properties of bone which in turn are determined by bone's material and structural properties. However, from these studies it is unclear what role density, elasticity, and structure play in determining velocity. Eighteen defatted, 12-mm cubic trabecular bone specimens were cut from cadaveric specimens. Amplitude-dependent speed of sound (SOS) using a single point QUS system was assessed in three orthogonal axes. Magnetic resonance images were obtained, from which measures of apparent trabeuclar structure were derived. The specimens were nondestructively tested in compression along three orthogonal axes defined by the sides of the cubes. The elastic modulus (in the three directions) and the strength (in one direction) were determined. Trabecular BMD was measured by quantitative computed tomography. SOS varied significantly with direction of measurement, with the highest value in the axial direction (axial:1715 m/s, sagittal: 1662 m/second, and coronal: 1676 m/s). SOS of each of the three axes was generally associated with the various mechanical (r = 0.30–0.87), density (r = 0.81–0.93), and bone structural variables (0.3–0.8). However, after adjusting the SOS correlations by density, only the correlation with elasticity remained significant in the coronal direction. BMD alone explained 88–93% of variance in SOS whereas in the multivariate model, BMD plus elasticity and/or anisotropic variables explained 96–98% of the variance in SOS. Variability of SOS is explained mostly by density and to a small extent by elasticity or anisotropy. Since only 2–6% of the variance of the QUS measurement is not explained by density and elasticity, one could conclude that the remaining variance reflects other properties of bone or perhaps simply measurement error. Evidence that these other properties may be structure related is only found in the anisotropy of QUS parameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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