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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ductal Carcinoma In Situ of the Breast: A Comparative Analysis of Histology, Nuclear Area, Ploidy, and Neovascularization Provides Differentiation Between Low- and High-Grade Tumors (2002)
    Boston, MA, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    The @breast journal 8 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1524-4741
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) is a heterogeneous group of lesions that has been subdivided into three types: well differentiated (grade I), moderately differentiated (grade II), and poorly differentiated (grade III). Forty-five cases of DCIS were analyzed for image analysis: nuclear area, DNA ploidy, and vascularization in order to establish a more precise correlation between the histologic grade and these morphometric parameters. Our results confirm that the mean nuclear area, DNA ploidy, and microvessel density (MVD) progressively increased from DCIS grade I to DCIS grade III. The analysis of the nuclear area in relationship to DCIS grading demonstrated a progressive increase of values between grades I/II to grade III, but these data have no statistical significance. An analysis of DNA ploidy demonstrated significant differences between grades I/III (p 〈 0.05), but there was no statistical significance between grades I/II, grades II/III, or both (p 〉 0.005). The analysis of MVD was extremely significant between grades I/III (p 〈 0.001) and grades II/III (p 〈 0.001), but between grades I/II, these values showed no significant differences (p 〉 0.05). Based on this study, it can be concluded that image analysis techniques confirm how DCIS presents morphometric values that increase from DCIS grade I to DCIS grade III and that within this spectrum, DCIS grade III can be identified as a group of tumors presenting a large nuclear area, aneuploid DNA, and abundant vascular neogenesis, confirming that this neoplasm displays more aggressive patterns than the other two types. These criteria should justify a higher rate of tumor progression to DCIS grade III.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1524-4741.2002.08303.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning and transmission electron microscopy of Ewing's sarcoma of bone (typical and atypical variants) (1983)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 398 (1983), S. 329-346 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ewing's sarcoma ; Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) ; Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is of value for the differential diagnosis of Ewing's tumor of bone. Based upon 9 new cases which were observed with SEM and TEM (transmission electron microscopy), this paper puts into consideration, for the first time, the SEM ultrastructure of Ewing's sarcoma (both variants; typical Ewing's sarcoma and the large cell Ewing's sarcoma). Furthermore, a new case of vascular Ewing's sarcoma, studied with TEM, is discussed and included in the differential diagnosis with other round cell sarcomas of bone. Both Ewing's sarcoma types evidence common ultrastructural characteristics, but the atypical variant (large cell type) shows a greater variation in cell size and contour. The cell surfaces displayed smooth structures, interrupted only by clusters of short, stub-like microvilli. Isolated cilia were also observed. Variations in cell contour and size within the same tumour are also induced through intensive chemotherapy, as noted in one of our cases. SEM seems to be suitable for the differentiation of Ewing's tumours from other primary malignancies of the bone marrow, as is the case of the so-called “reticulum cell sarcoma of bone” or malignant non-Hodgkin lymphoma. SEM studies associated with TEM give further support to the mesenchymal origin of this neoplasm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00583589
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning electron microscopic evidence for neural differentiation in Ewing's sarcoma cell lines (1990)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 416 (1990), S. 383-391 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Ewing's sarcoma ; Peripheral neuroepithelioma ; Scanning electron microscopy ; Cell lines ; Cyclic AMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A number of recent studies have suggested a relationship between Ewing's sarcoma (ES) and other small round cell tumours of childhood such as peripheral neuroepithelioma (PN). We report scanning electron microscopic studies on the character of induced neural differentiation in ES, neuroblastoma, PN, osteosarcoma and colon carcinoma. We found evidence of neural differentiation in both neural lines and in one of two Ewing's lines before treatment. After differentiation, both Ewing's and neural lines developed neuritic processes with varicosities and little arborization, except for the initially undifferentiated Ewing's line (A4573) which displayed extensive lateral sprouting from neuritic processes after differentiation. Neither treated nor untreated osteosarcoma or colon carcinoma displayed any evidence of neural differentiation. Further, neuroblastoma cells are easily distinguished from ES and PN by virtue of their single, unbranched neuntes and lack of lateral sprouting or filopodia. These results provide further evidence for the neural character and close relationship between ES and PN.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01605142
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bipolar (neural and myoblastic) phenotype in cell lines derived from human germ cell tumours of testis (1997)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 430 (1997), S. 291-300 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Human germ cell tumour of testis ; Cell culture ; Neural differentiation ; Myoblastic differentiation ; Cytogenetic analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Non-seminomatous germ cell tumours of the testis (NSGCT) form a heterogeneous group of neoplasms. Cell lines derived from NSGCT may provide useful data concerning the biology of neoplasic precursor germ cells, differentiation of tumour stem cells and the relationship between various tissue components of these tumours. Four NSGCT were studied, two mixed tumours composed of teratocarcinoma, yolk sac and trophoblastic elements, and two malignant teratomas with a massive neuroectodermal component, equivalent to primary neuroectodermal tumours (PNET) of the testis. The explanted tumours gave rise to various cell populations, including epitheloid cells, flattened large cells, spindle cells and tear drop cells of neuroblastic type. Ultrastructurally, cultured cells expressed various degrees of neural and muscular differentiation: neurosecretory granules, intermediate filaments of glial nature, and filaments resembling Z-bands. Cultured cells showed the expression of several neural and muscular markers, including neurofilaments, cytokeratin, actin, desmin, neuron-specific enolase, glial fibrillary acidic protein and HNK-1. In addition, three cases expressed HBA-71 antigen and two expressed MyoDI protein. All cases were aneuploid, and an isochromosome 12p, i(12p), was detected in three cases. Myoblastic and neural cells are the predominant tumour cells that grow in vitro, independent of the nature and composition of the primary germ cell tumour. A histogenetic relationship between germ cell tumours and small round cell tumours of childhood is suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01092752
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hepatoid adenocarcinoma of the urinary bladder (1999)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 435 (1999), S. 71-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Key words Urinary bladder ; Carcinoma ; Hepatoid adenocarcinoma ; Alpha fetoprotein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  A new case of hepatoid adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in fragments obtained at transurethral resection (TUR) from a 71-year-old man who had complained of haematuria. The tumour was composed of trabeculae and small solid nests of polygonal atypical cells simulating hepatocarcinoma, together with glandular areas of an otherwise typical adenocarcinoma. Immunohistochemistry showed cytoplasmic reactivity to AFP, AAT, albumin and CAM 5.2. Membrane reactivity was seen in EMA immunostaining, and there was also positivity to polyclonal CEA following a canalicular pattern. Immunoperoxidase studies of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its receptor, c-met, were positive. Their expression may be related to the aggressive behaviour of this tumour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004280050398
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histopathological and Cytogenetic Findings in Benign, Atypical and Anaplastic Human Meningiomas: A Study of 60 Tumors (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neuro-oncology 47 (2000), S. 99-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7373
    Keywords: histopathology ; karyotype ; meningiomas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Meningiomas may display benign (Grade I), atypical (Grade II) and anaplastic (Grade III) histopathological findings. The cytogenetic studies strongly suggest that secondary changes (moreover loss of chromosome 22) appear to be associated with more atypical features and with greater clinical aggressivity. We studied 60 tumors from 52 patients. Histopathological features such as nuclear pleomorphism, nucleolar prominence, mitosis, necrosis, cellular density, PCNA labeling index, and karyotype have been evaluated. Nuclear pleomorphism and nucleolar prominence showed a progressive increase in Grades I–III. Multifocal micronecrosis was considered a criterion of malignancy. A significant correlation was observed between PCNA-LI, mitotic index and grades. Complex karyotypes increased progressively: benign (34% of cases), atypical (45% of cases) and anaplastic (70% of cases). The most common numerical alterations were losses of chromosomes 10, 14, 18 and 22. The chromosomes most often involved in structural anomalies were: 1, 4, 7, 14 and 22. Telomeric associations was present in four cases and double minutes in two cases. Prognostic criteria for these tumors have been analyzed on the basis of these data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006454107467
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of Brain Antioxidant Defense Upon Treatment with Butylated Hydroxyanisole (BHA) and Sudan III in Syrian Golden Hamster (2000)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 25 (2000), S. 389-393 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Antioxidant defense ; glutathione ; DT-diaphorase ; brain ; liver ; butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) ; sudan III
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Treatment with the antioxidant butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) or the azo dye Sudan III during two weeks led to changes in the brain enzymatic antioxidant defense of Syrian golden hamsters. BHA was able to induce liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) 2-fold but had no effect on the brain SOD activity, whereas SOD activity was reduced to 50% in brain and remained unchanged in liver with Sudan III. These two substances are known inducers of DT-diaphorase and in fact this enzymatic activity was induced 4- and 6-fold in liver with BHA and Sudan III, respectively. However, BHA promoted a significant 40% reduction, whereas no change was observed with Sudan III in brain DT-diaphorase activity. Glutathione(GSH)-related enzymatic activities were also assayed in brain and liver. No induction was observed with BHA or Sudan III for any of the activities tested in hamster brain: GSH S-transferase (GST), GSH peroxidase (GSH-Px) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) reductase (GR). Only 1.3- and 1. 4-fold increases of GST and GR activities were observed in liver and no change in any of these enzymatic activities in brain with BHA; a partial limitation of permeability to BHA of the blood-brain barrier may explain this results. Furthermore, Sudan III promoted reductions in all these GSH-related enzymatic activities in brain and liver. The possible explanations for these results are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007549222553
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