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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of visual cell maturation or degeneration on cyclic AMP content of retinal neurons (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 29 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb03940.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ALTERATIONS IN CYCLIC AMP METABOLISM ASSOCIATED WITH PHOTORECEPTOR CELL DEGENERATION IN THE C3H MOUSE (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 22 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Previous studies have shown an abnormality in cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase activity in the retina of mice (C3H/HeJ) with an inherited degeneration of the photoreceptor layer. Adenyl cyclase activity and cyclic AMP content have been measured in C3H retina and compared with that in normal retina (DBA/1J) during postnatal maturation, to assess the influence of the mutation upon cyclic AMP metabolism. Adenyl cyclase activity increases normally for the first 7 days of age; thereafter, it becomes greater than normal. Cyclic AMP becomes obviously abnormal after 10 days of age. The elevated levels of cyclic AMP persist in the surviving cells of the inner layers of the adult C3H retina. Adenyl cyclase activity and cyclic AMP content are concentrated in the inner layers of the normal retina, while the photoreceptor layer has only a very low level of enzyme activity and cyclic AMP. The data suggest that the synthesis of cyclic AMP in the inner layers of C3H retina is significantly enhanced, during the period of postnatal development in which the photoreceptor cells have begun to degenerate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb04283.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PROTEINS IN THE DEGENERATIVE RETINA OF C3H MICE: DEFICIENCY OF A CYCLIC-NUCLEOTIDE PHOSPHODIESTERASE AND OPSIN (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 21 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The protein patterns from retinae of mice with inherited blindness (C3H/HeJ) were compared with those from normal (DBA/1J) retinae during postnatal maturation. The number of protein bands, as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulphate, increased in the normal retina with development and, by adulthood, 30 bands of protein were observed, with molecular weights ranging from 13,500 to 105,000 daltons. Four bands of retinal protein were suggested to be histones, and one was identified as tubulin. The patterns of protein bands from the immature C3H retinae were similar to those from the DBA retinae but, by adulthood, the pattern from the C3H retina was deficient in three bands of protein, two of which were identified as opsin and a cyclic-nucleotide phosphodiesterase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1973.tb07526.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LIGHT-INDUCED ALTERATIONS IN RETINAL PYRUVATE AND HIGH-ENERGY PHOSPHATES, IN VIVO (1969)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 16 (1969), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: —The effect of illumination upon some metabolic substrates of frog retina was investigated in vivo, using conditions of illumination for which electrophysiological correlates in the retina are well defined. Frogs were frozen immediately after illumination, the tissue was processed for quantitative histochemistry, and the compounds were measured fluorometrically.Levels of P-creatine were lower in flash-illuminated retinas than in either dark- or light-adapted retinas. The high-energy phosphates and pyruvate changed rapidly upon exposure to flashing light, then returned towards the original steady-state level, with ATP preceding pyruvate and P-creatine. ATP and P-creatine were primarily concentrated in the bipolar and ganglion cell layers.The energy reserve of the retina was depleted by an enhanced rate of neural activity in vivo. Levels of P-creatine and ATP decreased in only those cellular layers which initiate neural action potentials. These data suggest that the mechanisms of neural excitation are closely coupled to energy and glucose metabolism in the retina.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1969.tb09899.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The distribution of amino acids within the rat retina (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 29 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb03938.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LIGHT-INDUCED REDUCTION IN CYCLIC GMP OF RETINAL PHOTORECEPTOR CELLS IN VIVO: ABNORMALITIES IN THE DEGENERATIVE DISEASES OF RCS RATS AND rd MICE (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 28 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The effect of light on the content of cyclic GMP in degenerative retinae of Royal College of Surgeons (RCS) rats and rd mice was compared with that in control retinae during postnatal maturation. In vivo, the cyclic GMP content of retinae of control rats or mice is light-dependent after photoreceptor outer segments develop. Mature retinae of control animals have high levels of cyclic GMP in the dark which are reduced 40–50% upon illumination. In the rd mouse disorder, a light-induced reduction in cyclic GMP content is observed while the rod outer segments are morphologically intact. The rd photoreceptor cells possess a phosphodiesterase which, when stabilized by freeze-drying, has a Km similar to that of control photoreceptors, and an apparent Vmax that is below normal. It is suggested that developing rd visual cells have an abnormality in cyclic GMP metabolism which results in the accumulation of cyclic GMP within the entire cell but which does not prevent the light-mediated reduction of cyclic GMP in their outer segment organelles. In the RCS dystrophy, a light-induced reduction in cyclic GMP content is observed also during the period when photoreceptor outer segments are present. The cyclic GMP content of dark- or light-adapted RCS retinae is below that of the respective controls. Biochemical and morphological observations show that cyclic GMP levels increase in rd visual cells and that they are reduced in photoreceptor cells of RCS retina before the onset of visual cell degeneration. Until detailed knowledge of the role of cyclic GMP in the visual cells is known, it is suggested that high or low levels of cyclic GMP in rd and RCS photoreceptors, respectively, result from differences in the etiology or histopathology of the mouse and rat diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1977.tb10673.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RNA AND DNA IN DEVELOPING RETINAE: COMPARISON OF A NORMAL WITH THE DEGENERATING RETINAE OF C3H MICE (1973)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 20 (1973), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The Nucleic acids were measured in developing retinae of normal (DBA) mice and those afflicted with an inherited degenerative disease (C3H). The content of RNA in normal and C3H retinae increased to a maximum at 5 days of postnatal age. Thereafter, that of C3H retinae declined to a value lower than the normal. The content of DNA in normal and C3H retinae was maximal at 10 and 5 days of postnatal age, respectively. By 20 days, it declined in both retinae to nearly adult values. The DNA/RNA ratio of normal adult retinae was about 3, while that of C3H adult retinae was nearly 1–5. It is proposed that the photoreceptor cells possess a smaller cytoplasmic volume and a larger DNA/RNA ratio than the cells of the inner retina. The loss of DNA in developing normal and C3H retinae appears to result from cellular death. It was calculated that approximately 1 million cells in normal and 6 million cells in C3H retinae disappear during development. Cellular death in C3H retinae may not be restricted to the photoreceptor population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1973.tb12114.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CHANGES IN GLUCOSE AND ENERGY METABOLISM IN VIVO IN DEVELOPING RETINAE FROM VISUALLY-COMPETENT (DBA/1J) AND MUTANT (C3H/HeJ) MICE (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 19 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The distribution in vivo of glucose and lactate between the complete or sub- divided retina and the blood has been evaluated in DBA and C3H mice during postnatal development. Levels in vivo of several intermediates of glucose and energy metabolism were measured by enzyme-linked fluorometric assays of freeze-dried retinae; glucose and lactate were determined in freshly-drawn plasma. DBA retinae. During the first 20 days of postnatal life, the level of glucose in the plasma rose slightly while that in the retina declined: during this period the level of lactate in the plasma rose and became nearly equal to that in the retina. Changes during development in levels of glucose and glycogen were consistent with the interpretation that the rate of utilization of glucose in vivo is enhanced during early postnatal life. C3H retinae. The levels of glucose and glycogen in vivo were abnormally high throughout the developmental period, whereas levels of lactate were normal. The rise in levels of glucose after the 15th postnatal day was not related to an increase in blood levels of glucose but rather to a decreased utilization of glucose during this period.For the first 10 postnatal days the content of glucose, lactate, ATP and P-creatine within the photoreceptor layer of C3H retinae were within normal limits. Then, biochemical changes occurred which were secondary to ultrastructural pathology in the photoreceptors. This observation suggested that glucose metabolism and energy production are not involved in the primary aetiology of the inherited disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1972.tb01267.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hexokinase activity in bipolar and ganglion layers of retinae which survive photoreceptor degeneration in viuo (1972)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 19 (1972), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1972.tb05137.x
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