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  • 1
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Lung 147 (1972), S. 21-28 
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Verfasser untersuchten den Zusammenhang zwischen den Differentialkapnogrammgrößen (m 1-,m 2- und Q-Werten) und den prozentualen Residualvolumenwerten. Die Korrelation derm 2- und Q-Werte mit Residualvolumenwerten ist eng. Die Differentialkapnogrammparameter von Kontrollpersonen unterscheiden sich von denjenigen der nichtobstruktiv- bzw. obstruktiv-emphysematösen Krankengruppen signifikant, dabei besteht aber eine signifikante Differenz zwischen Differentialkapnogrammwerten von nichtobstruktiv-und obstruktiv-emphysematösen Patienten. Aufgrund der zwischen Differentialkapnogramm-parametern und Blutgaswerten bestehenden Korrelation ist die Folgerung von Kapnogrammgrößen auf Blutgaswerte möglich.
    Notes: Abstract The dependence of differentiated capnogram parameters — maximum steepness (m 1), plateau steepness (m 2) and their quotient (m 1/m 2=Q) — on the RV% values are reported. A close correlation could be found between them 2 and Q values. There was furthermore a significant difference between the differentiated capnogram parameters of control persons and that of patients with non-obstructive and obstructive emphysema. The average RV values and differentiated capnogram parameters of emphysematous patients with severe obstruction differed significantly from the same values of emphysematous patients with mild or without any obstruction. The authors show that conclusions can be drawn from differentiated capnogram values for determining the degree of obstructive ventilatory failure and the arterial blood gas tensions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Broncholytic-substances ; Obstructive Bronchitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The broncholytic effect of inhaled atropine, isoprotenerol and orciprenaline and that of intravenously administered atropine was observed for one hour in ten patients suffering from chronic obstructive bronchitis. With the dosages and modes of administration employed, all drugs examined reduced the values of total airway resistance and intrathoracic gas volume to the same extent. Compared with the other preparations, the effect of orciprenaline was delayed in respect of specific conductance. The broncholytic potency of all substances examined was found to be dependent on the pretreatment value so that the “Law of Initial Value” — established in respect of blood circulation — seems to be valid in respect of the bronchial system as well. The present investigations justify the conclusion that a dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system (manifesting itself in intensified cholinergic activity is an important pathogenic factor in chronic obstructive bronchitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 30 (1972), S. 245-271 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Respiratory complaints ; Clinical symptoms ; Smoking habits ; Silicotic X-ray changes ; Resistance- and ITGV-values ; Atembeschwerden ; Klinische Symptome ; Rauchergewohnheiten ; Silikotische Röntgenveränderungen ; Resistance- und ITGV-Werte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden 1656 Männer untersucht und der Zusammenhang geprüft zwischen den für eine chronische Bronchitis bezeichnenden anamnestischen Beschwerden, den klinischen Untersuchungen der Atmungsorgane und den Lungenfunktionswerten, vor allem dem Wert des Strömungswiderstandes in den Atemwegen (R t ). Weiterhin wurden der Effekt des Rauchens sowie der im Röntgenbild nachweisbaren silikotischen Veränderungen auf die Lungenfunktionswerte untersucht. Folgende Schlu\folgerungen werden von den Autoren gezogen: Die R t -Mittelwerte sind nur dann als pathologisch zu betrachten, wenn ständiger Husten, Auswurf und Dyspnoe gemeinsam vorkommen, d. h., diese Beschwerden sind für eine Bronchialobstruktion kennzeichnend. Die höchsten R t -Mittelwerte wurden bei den Kranken beobachtet, bei denen über den Lungen diffuses Pfeifen und Giemen hörbar waren bzw. zusätzlich ein Emphysem vorlag. Deshalb halten die Verfasser die klinischen Symptome für die Diagnostik der Bronchialobstruktion für wertvoller als die anamnestischen Angaben. Eine Bronchialobstruktion kommt bei Bauchern nicht häufiger vor als bei Nichtrauchern. Dagegen sind die ITGV-Mittelwerte bei Rauchern signifikant höher als bei Nichtrauchern. Daraus schlie\en die Autoren, da\ die charakteristische Veränderung der Atemorgane bei Rauchern nicht eine Bronchialobstruktion ist, sondern die erhöhte Atemmittellage. Au\erdem zeigten die Untersuchungen — in übereinstimmung mit den Literaturangaben — da\ bei Rauchern Husten und Auswurf wesentlich häufiger als bei Nichtrauchern sind. Bei Silikosepatienten traten pathologische R t -Mittelwerte nur im schwersten röntgenologischen Stadium der Silikose auf.
    Notes: Summary On the basis of the results obtained by the authors on 1656 patients, conclusions were drawn about the relationship existing between complaints characteristic for chronic bronchitis, physical signs of the respiratory organs and respiratory function — mainly airway resistance (R t )-values, respectively. Effects of smoking as well as of silicotic radiological changes on respiratory function values were investigated. The following conclusions were drawn: the mean R t values are within the pathological range only in the case of simultaneous occurrence of persistent cough, expectoration and dyspnoe, thus only these complaints are probably typical for bronchial obstruction. The highest average R t values were observed when diffuse ranchi and râles existed above the lungs with or without emphysematous chest, respectively. Thus in the diagnosis of bronchial obstruction the physical signs are considered more valuable than anamnestic data. The frequency of bronchial obstruction is not higher with smokers than with non-smokers, on the other hand, the meen ITGV values of smokers are significantly higher. From this it was concluded, that the characteristic respiratory disturbance of smokers is elevated pulmonary gas volume rather than bronchial obstruction. Moreover — in accordance with other data — cough and expectoration are much more frequent with smokers than with non-smokers. With silicotic patients, pathological mean R t values were found only in the most serious radiological degrees of silicosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Key words Occupational asbestos exposure ; Questionnaire ; Lung cancer ; Mesothelioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: What is the frequency of occupational asbestos exposure among patients suffering from malignant respiratory tumours and how many of these tumours are associated with asbestos in Hungary? Methods: An internationally established questionnaire with 29 questions, covering the most characteristic activities of asbestos exposure at the workplace was completed for 300 patients with respiratory malignancies, i.e. 297 patients with lung cancer and three with mesothelioma of the pleura. From the questionnaire, the smoking habits were estimated and cumulative asbestos exposure was assessed in fibre-years. Additionally, lung X-rays were classified and the national data on the incidence of malignant pleura mesothelioma were analysed. Results: A cumulative asbestos exposure of 25 fibre-years or more was detected in 11 patients with lung cancer (4%) and in each of the three patients with pleural mesothelioma (100%). In a further 72 patients (24%), cumulative occupational asbestos exposure was assessed as below 25 fibre-years (between 0.01 and 23.9 fibre-years). In this group, car and truck mechanics, and installation and construction workers using asbestos-cement were registered. Among patients with an asbestos exposure of 25 fibre-years or more, six asbestos-cement production workers were observed, among them the three mesothelioma cases. A weak but significant association between positive X-ray findings and exposure estimates could be demonstrated. Additionally, results of the lung tissue fibre counts by scanning transmission electron microscopy were available for 25 of the lung cancer patients. A good correlation was observed between the asbestos fibre counts and the assessment of cumulative asbestos exposure. In Hungary, 84 cases of pleural mesothelioma were registered in 1997 and 73 in 1998. These numbers correspond to an annual incidence of about one new case per 100,000 inhabitants older than 15 years. Conclusions: The annual incidence of lung cancer in Hungary is about 6,000. Since in our series of lung cancer patients about 4% were observed, which could be accepted as representing occupational disease because of a cumulative exposure to 25 fibre-years or more, the annual asbestos related lung tumour incidences may be estimated to be approximately 150 or more. The proportion of nearly two estimated cases of lung cancer per case of pleural mesothelioma corresponds to international experience. Up to now, lung cancer cases only exceptionally have been registered as occupational diseases, i.e. they were seriously under-diagnosed in Hungary. For improving this situation, diagnostic assistance by a self-interview with a questionnaire covering the working history for all newly diagnosed lung cancer patients would be helpful.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Schoolchildren ; Environmental Factors ; Lung Function Values
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The clinical condition and lung function of 14-year-old schoolchildren from three different districts of Budapest were recorded monthly between November 1972 and May 1973. Raw and SGaw values and lung volumes were measured and air pollution was recorded simultaneously. The latter differed significantly in the three districts. Although there were significant differences between the monthly lung function values and monthly air pollution, there was no evidence of any connection between the function values and environmental factors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Verfasser untersuchten die Beziehungen zwischen den Parametern von differenziertem Kapnogramm — maximale Steilheit (m 1), Plateau-Steilheit (m 2), Steilheitsquotient (Q) — und der Atemmechanik. Die oben erwähnten differenzierten Kapnogrammwerte wurden bei 72 Fällen mit den mittels der Oesophagusdruckmethode bestimmten viscösen Atemarbeitswerten, bei 213 Fällen mit den mittels des Ganzkörperplethysmographes bestimmten Resistance- und spezifischen Conductance-Werten verglichen. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse wurde festgestellt, daß derm 2- und derQ-Wert zum Zweck der Diagnose der Bronchialobstruktion geeignet ist. Die Beziehung zwischenm 1-Wert und Bronchialobstruktion ist unsicher.
    Notes: Abstract The authors studied the connections between the differentiated capnogram parameters — maximum steepness (m 1) plateau steepness (m 2), steepness quotient (Q) — and mechanics of breathing. The differentiated capnogram values had been compared in 72 cases with the viscous breathing work values (determined by the oesophagus balloon method) and in 213 cases with the resistance and specific conductance values, determined by body plethysmography. On the basis of the results, the authors stated that the determination ofm 2- andQ-values is suitable for the diagnosis of bronchial obstruction. The connection betweenm 1-value and bronchial obstruction is quite uncertain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Lung 141 (1970), S. 362-368 
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Verfasser versuchten die Möglichkeiten einer quantitativen Analyse der Kapnogramm-(URAS-)Kurven. Bei 35 Versuchspersonen wurden mittels Computers die synchron registrierten Volumen- und URAS-Kurven analysiert. Zur Charakterisierung des Kapnogramms ist der Quotient der größten Steilheit und der Plateau-Steilheit geeignet. Beide Werte sind von dem ersten Differentialquotienten (nach Zeit) des Kapnogramms leicht bestimmbar. Auf Grund der Ergebnisse wurden bei 160 Personen die differenzierten Kapnogramme direkt registriert, und die Quotientenwerte aus den direkten Kurven bestimmt. Die Differenz der Quotientenwerte zwischen Kontroll-, emphysematösen-, bzw. bronchialobstruktiven Gruppen ist signifikant. Die Normalwerte des Quotienten sind über 80,00, die Werte unter 50,00 sind für Bronchialobstruktion bezeichnend.
    Notes: Summary The autors studied the possibility of quantitative evaluation of the capnogram curves. By the aid of a computer the simultaneously registered volumen and capnogram curves had been analised on 35 persons. The capnogram is characterised by the quotient of the maximum steepness and thet of the plateau steepness. Both values can be determined easily from the first differential quotient of the capnogram. On the basis of the results it hat been directly registred the differentiated capnogram on 160 persons, as well as, the values of the quotient had been determined from the direct curves. There is a significant difference in the values of the quotients between controll persons, the emphysematous patients and the group with bronchial obstruction. The normal values of the quotients are over 80.0, the values under 50.0 are characteristic for bronchial obstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Lung 144 (1971), S. 315-322 
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Durch die langzeitige Beobachtung von 178 Patienten mit bronchialer Anamnese versuchten die Verfasser Folgerungen für die Prognose der chronischen Bronchitis aufzustellen. Die Mortalität des Krankenmaterials wurde von von der Bronchialobstruktion grundsätztlich beeinflußt. Bei 23 Prozent der Patienten mit Bronchitis entwickelte sich während der 10jährigen Beobachtungsperiode eine für Bronchialobstruktion charakteristische physikalische Veränderung; der Resistance-Wert war aber bei 40 Prozent der Patienten über die Normgrenze — 3,5 cm H2O/l/sec — erhöht. Aufgrund der Ergebnisse wird angenommen, daß bei der Entwicklung der Bronchialobstruktion die chronische Bronchitis keine selbständige Rolle spielt. Es besteht ein Zusammenhang zwischen den konfluierenden röntgenologischen Formen der Silikose und der Bronchialobstruktion. Aus den Atemstoßwerten kann man nur bei den schwersten klinischen Fällen prognostische Folgerungen ziehen.
    Notes: Abstract 178 patients with a history of bronchitis were observed for a long period of time. From these observations they attempted to draw conclusions concerning the prognosis of chronic bronchitis. The mortality rate was primarily influenced by bronchial obstruction. During the observation period, 23% of the patients with chronic bronchitis developed physical alterations characteristic for bronchial obstruction; the resistance value in 43% of the patients was above the normal range −〉3,5 cmH2O/lit/sec. It is likely that chronic bronchitis is not solely responsible for the development of bronchial obstruction. The authors suggest that there is a connection between confluent form of silicosis and bronchial obstruction. From FEV1/VC values, one may draw conclusions only in the most serious clinical cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Lung 150 (1974), S. 311-318 
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Flow-Resistive Work ; P/ $$\dot V$$ , P/V and $$\dot V$$ /V Diagrams ; Mean Flow Velocity ; Equivalent Resistance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The authors investigated the relationship between airway resistance and flow-resistive work in 136 subjects with different types of P/ $$\dot V$$ diagram. With the same resistance values they found a significantly large standard deviation of the respiratory work values. This finding is only partly due to the fact that the magnitude of the flow-resistive work is also related to the velocity of flow. Instead of the unreliable assessment of the P/ $$\dot V$$ diagram they recommend calculation of the equivalent resistance to evaluate the severity of the bronchial obstruction. The equivalent resistance was compared with the airway resistance in 26 cases and marked differences were observed particularly in the case of the inspiratory and expiratory resistance values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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