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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The benzoylarginine peptidase of Treponema denticola (strain ASLM; a human oral spirochaete) was progressively and irreversibly inactivated by 1-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2-ethoxy-1, 2-dihydroquinoline, a carboxyl-group reagent. At acidic pH values, reaction of one mole of the modifier per active site of the enzyme resulted in total inactivation of the enzyme. Assuming that this modifier is a specific carboxyl reagent, the data suggest that the inactivation of the T. denticola benzoylarginine peptidase was caused by the modification of one carboxyl group located close to the active site of the enzyme. Results obtained with Woodward's reagent K (N-ethyl-5-phenylisoxazolium 3’-sulphonate) supported these findings. Carbethoxylation with diethylpyrocarbonate effectively inactivated the enzyme, and addition of hydroxylamine at pH 7.0 restored the activity almost totally, suggesting that the pyrocarbonate had reacted with tyrosyl or histidyl residues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 8 (1973), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Arylaminopeptidase activity in hydantoin induced hyperplastic, inflamed and healthy human gingiva was studied using various N-L-aminoacyl-2-naphthylamines as substrates. The activity was seen to be located in the basal cell layer of the epithelium in the entire connective tissue, but it was strongest just below the epithelium in all tissues. High enzymic activity was also observed in the inflammatory cells as well as in the capillary walls of hydantoinhyperplastic and inflamed gingiva. Strong enzymic activity was obtained when N-L-alanyl-, N-L-methionyl- and N-L-leacyl-2-naphthylamine were used as substrates. Moderate activity was observed with N-L-arginyl-2-naphthylamine and N-Llysyl-2-naphthylamine in other tissues except in healthy gingiva where the enzymic activity was low or nil. To test the possible involvement of aminopeptidase B in the material the reactions were performed both in the presence and absence of 0.2 M sodium chloride, which specifically activates this enzyme. There was no observable enzymic activity in any slices when N-L-prolyl-2-naphthylamine was used as substrate.The role of different arylaminopeptidases in connection with gingival hyperplasia caused by diphenylhydantoin and the evident absence of enzymes specific to N-L-prolyl-2-naphthylamine are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Four rough-surfaced (R) and three smooth-surfaced (S) clinical isolates of Capnocytophaga obtained from the subgingival plaque of periodontitis patients were studied for their peptidase and protease profiles. The results were compared with those obtained with C. gingivalis (which has a smooth morphology). All cell extracts obtained by ultrasonic treatment displayed high peptidase activity toward N-aminoacyl-2-naphthylamines, the best substrates being the arginyl, aspartyl, and leucyl derivatives. The R and S isolates did not differ in these enzyme activities. Also the protease profiles studies with 4-phenylazobenzyloxy-carbonyl-L-prolyl-L-leucylglycyl-L-prolyl-D-arginine (PZ-PLPGA) and casein were similar. All extracts also hydrolyzed furylacryloyl-L-leucylglycyl-L-prolyl-L-alanine (FALGPA), reconstituted type I [3H]-collagen, and gelatin. NaBenzoyl-DL-arginyl-2-naphthylamine was hydrolyzed faster by the R than the S strains. Comparison between cell suspensions and cell extracts of C. gingivalis showed the suspensions to be enzymatically more active than the extracts. In general, peptidase substrates and PZ-PLGPA were hydrolyzed at a higher rate by suspensions than by extracts, while protease substrates (such as casein) were hydrolyzed faster by the extracts. Gelatin and FALGPA were hydrolyzed by cell extracts only. Fast protein liquid chromatography of peptidases on a gel column was found to be a suitable method to differentiate between R and S isolates in diagnostics, while the chromatographic profiles of proteases were not suitable for this purpose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 212 (1966), S. 1271-1272 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The preparation of aminopeptidase B used is described in ref. 2. Kallidin-10 and bradykinin were each incubated separately for 2-24 h with the enzyme preparation in a mixture containing 0-5 ml. 0-2 molar tris-hydrochloric acid buffer, pH 7-0, and 1 mg of the polypeptide and 0*25 ml. of enzyme ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 27 (1971), S. 1261-1262 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Katalysegeschwindigkeit der Hydrolyse vonN-l-Leucyl-2-naphthylamin durch Subtilisin war grösser in Gegenwart von luteotrophem Schafhormon und etwas geringer in Gegenwart von luteinisierendem Pferdehormon. Dieses Verhalten wird als kompetitive Aktivierung erklärt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1970), S. 40-41 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 9 (1972), S. 28-38 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Parietal ; Enzyme ; Phosphatase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Trois phosphatases alcalines (I, II et III), partiellement purifiées, d'os pariétal humain fœtal, sont également actives dans des conditions identiques. La constante de subtratK s, pour l'hydrolyse d'un substrat donné (β-glyceryl phosphate, DL-α-glycery. phosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, etp-nitrophenyl phosphate) est approximativement la même pour chaque enzyme, étudiée. Les valeurs deK s pour les trois premiers substrats, mentionnés ci-dessus, sont respectivement de 0.08, 0.23 et 0.19 mM pour chaque enzyme. Pourp-nitrophenyl phosphate, les valeurs sont 0.029, 0.033 et 0.046 mM pour I, II, III respectivement. L'effet de plusieurs cations métalliques divalents, de l'EDTA, du fluorure de phenylmethanesulphonyle, dep-chloromercuribenzoate, de N-ethylmaleimide et d'autres réactifs est identique pour chaque enzyme. Mg2+ produisent l'hydrolyse le plus accentuée dup-nitrophenyl phosphate. Le fluorure de phenylmethane sulphonyle inhibe, de façon non compétitive, toutes les enzymes (K i=0.07 mM pour I et II, et 0.05 mM pour III). L'EDTA inhibe chaque enzyme, maisp-chloromercuribenzoate et N-ethylmaleimide n'ont aucun effet. L-cystine M inhibe, de façon non compétitive, les trois phosphatases avecK i près de 0.02 mM pour I, II et III. L'effet, de composés d'ammonium quaternaires est différent pour chaque enzyme: α-Lècithine active le plus et la phosphocholine inhibe le plus. Les différences paraissent liéer aux propriétés physiques, alors que les similitudes paraissent liées aux propriétès catalytiques et aux substrats. Les trois enzymes sont considérées comme des phosphatases différentes.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Drei aus foetalen menschlichen Parietalknochen teilweise gereinigte alkalische Phosphatasen (I, II und III) waren gleicherweise, aktiv unter identischen Bedingungen. Die Substratkonstante,K s, für die Hydrolyse eines gegebenen Substrates (β-glycerylphosphat, DL-α-glycerylphosphat, Glucose-1-Phosphat undp-Nitrophenylphosphat) war annähernd dieselbe für jedes der untersuchten Enzyme. DieK s-Werte für die ersten drei der obgenannten Substrate betrugen jeweils 0,08; 0,23 und 0,19 mM für alle Enzyme. Fürp-nitrophenylphosphat lagen die Werte jeweils bei 0,029; 0,033 und 0,046 mM. Die Wirkung von verschiedenen zweiwertigen Metallkationen (EDTA, Phenylmethansulfonylfluorid,p-Chloromercuribenzoat, N-Aethylmaleinimid und andere Reagenzien) war dieselbe für alle Enzyme. Mg2+-und Ca2+-Ionen bewirkten die größte Hydrolysegeschwindigkeit vonp-Nitrophenylphosphat. Phenylmethansulfonylfluorid hemmte alle Enzyme nicht kompetitiv (K i=0,07 mM für I und II, und 0,05 mM für III). Alle Enzyme wurden durch EDTA gehemmt;p-Chloromercuribenzoat und N-Aethylmaleinimid hatten jedoch keine Wirkung. L-Cystin M hemmte alle drei Phosphatasen nicht kompetitiv mit einemK i von annähernd 0,02 mM für I, II und III. Die Wirkung quaternärer Ammoniumverbindungen war für jedes Enzym verschieden, wobei α-Lecithin die stärkste Aktivierung, Phosphocholin in allen Fällen eine Hemmung hervorrief. Die Unterschiede erschienen als physikalische Eigenschaften, während die Ähnlichkeiten als substratbindende und katalytische Eigenschaften angesehen wurden. Die 3 Enzyme wurden als verschiedene Phosphatasen betrachtet.
    Notes: Abstract Three alkaline phosphatases (I, II, and III), partially purified from human foetal parietal bones, were similarly active in identical conditions. The substrate constant,K s, for the hydrolysis of a given substrate (β-glyceryl phosphate, DL-α-glyceryl phosphate, glucose 1-phosphate. and p-nitrophenyl phosphate) was approximately the same for each of the enzymes studied, The values ofK s for the first three substrates above were 0.08, 0.23, and 0.19 mM, respectively for all enzymes. For p-nitrophenyl phosphate the values were 0.029, 0.033, and 0.046 mM, for I, II, and III, respectively. The effect of several divalent metal cations, EDTA, phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride,p-chloromercuribenzoate, N-ethylmaleimide, and other reagents was the same for all enzymes. Mg2+ and Ca2+ ions produced the highest rate of hydrolysis ofp-nitrophenyl phosphate. Phenylmethanesulphonyl fluoride inhibited non-competitively all enzymes (K i=0.07 mM for I and II, and 0.05 mM for III). EDTA inhibited all enzymes, butp-chloromercuribenzote and N-ethylmaleimide caused no effect. L-Cystine inhibited noncompetitively all three phosphatases withK i close to 0.02 mM for I, II, and III. The effect of quaternary ammonium compounds differed for each enzyme, α-lecithin producing the strongest activation and phosphocholine inhibition in all cases. The differences were considered as physical properties, whereas the similarities were considered as substrate-binding and catalytic properties. The three enzymes were regarded as different phosphatases.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 185 (1996), S. 1-10 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Keywords: Key words  Spirochetes  ;  Treponemes  ;  Peptidases  ;  Proteinases  ;  Treponemal infections
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract   Relatively scant chemical information has been available on the proteinases and peptidases of spirochetes in spite of the association of spirochetes with several serious infections known to plague humans and other animal species. This situation has partly resulted from difficulties in growing some spirochetes under laboratory conditions. The cells of Treponema denticola, a spirochete suggested to be associated with periodontal infections, have turned out to be a good source of new chemical information on those enzymes. Latest studies suggest that the outer cell en-velope or the periplasmic space of T. denticola contains several novel proteinases and peptidases (hence called ``ectoenzymes'') which may contribute to the chronicity of periodontal infections. Some of the oligopeptidases discovered are specific for proline-containing host tissue peptides such as substance P, bradykinin, neurotensin, etc., and possibly small collagen fragments. The only spirochetal peptidases purified to give a single band on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis have been obtained from T. denticola. One particular peptidase, suggested to be similar to the oligopeptidase B (EC 3.4.21.83) of Escherichia coli seems to be present in the cell envelope or in the periplasmic space at quite large concentrations. The presence of this and several other peptidases in the outer cell structures of the treponemes suggests that such enzymes are important for the nutrition of these highly motile and invasive organisms. The biological role of these enzymes can thus be envisaged in the peptidolytic processing of host tissue proteins and peptides to gradually smaller molecules to fulfill the nutritional requirements of these organisms. Although the genetic similarity between T. denticola and some other treponemes and spirochetes can be hotly debated, it is nevertheless now possible to use T. denticula enzymes as suitable objects for comparison when the chemistry of other spirochetes is studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-4935
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Bovine milk lactoperoxidase, eel acetylcholinesterase, and Aeromonas aminopeptidase were photooxidized and inactivated in broad-spectrum visible light in the presence of 2,3-butanedione and l-phenyl-l,2-propanedione. Methylglyoxal caused similar effects at 25zt nm. 2-Thiol-L-histidine and 3-methyl-L=histidine protected the enzymes against photoinactivation more effectively than N3 −, even at a molar ratio of 2:1 (protector to enzyme). These compounds also delayed the photoinactivation of acetylcholinesterase, induced by ultraviolet light.
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