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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors associated with progression of cervical human papillomavirus (HPV) infections into carcinoma in situ during a long-term prospective follow-up (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 95 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. In the course of a prospective study of 508 women with papillomavirus (HPV) lesions of the uterine cervix, 66 lesions that progressed into carcinoma in situ (CIS) were identified and treated by conization during a mean follow-up period of 35 months. The lesions were investigated with light microscopy and with in-situ DNA hybridization using 35S-labelled probes for HPV 6,11,16,18, 31 and 33. After radical cone treatment, 11 of the 66 women (16-7%) have presented with a recurrent HPV infection. The recurrence rate increased with the duration of the follow-up period from 〈10% at the mean follow-up of 25 months to 16.7% at the most recent follow-up at 35 months. Most of these 66 HPV lesions (89%) presented with concomitant CIN in the first punch biopsy, but it is noteworthy that the other 11 % presented without concomitant CIN. HPV DNA of at least one of the six types examined was found in 73% of the first biopsies and it is noteworthy that the so-called ‘low-risk’ types, HPV 6 and 11, were found as frequently as the ‘high-risk’ types, HPV 16 and 18 (18% and 17%, respectively). This would suggest a similarity in the biological behaviour of these two HPV groups. Although the concept of the ‘high-risk’ and ‘low-risk’ HPV types may remain at least partially valid, it is imperative to realize that infection by HPV 6 and 11 by no means excludes the possibility for clinical progession into CIS and eventually to an invasive carcinoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-0528.1988.tb06785.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antibodies to Aspergillus fumigatus in farmers' lung patients measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 10 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure antibodies against Aspergillus fumigatus in farmers' lung patients, various other pulmonary diseases and healthy controls. Both the prevalence and the mean titre of antibodies were significantly higher in farmers' lung patients than in the other groups. There was no difference between controls and patients with bronchial asthma or non-allergic pulmonary diseases. On the other hand, in the group of patients with respiratory diseases of undefined aetiology the mean antibody titre was significantly higher than that of the controls. Comparison of ELISA and the precipitin test showed the higher sensitivity of ELISA, but otherwise the two tests were in a close agreement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1980.tb02096.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Threshold levels of purified natural Bos d 2 for inducing bronchial airway response in asthmatic patients (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Provocation tests are invaluable in establishing threshold levels and a causal relationship between atopic asthma and a certain allergen source, especially in relation to work-associated exposure. Purified major allergens open possibilities for a more accurate assessment of sensitization.Objective To determine the threshold dose of purified major bovine dander allergen Bos d 2 in bronchial provocation in comparison with the standard allergen and a set of other parameters of allergy.Method Nine consecutive patients referred to hospital for confirming the bovine origin of their occupational asthma were subjected to bronchial provocation tests with purified natural Bos d 2 and a standard bovine dander allergen. Additional tests included bronchial histamine challenge, measurements of total IgE, specific IgE antibody determinations and skin prick tests (SPT) with both allergens.Results In the provocation tests with Bos d 2, a 15% decrease in the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) and/or peak expiratory flow (PEF) values in eight out of nine patients confirmed the predominant role of Bos d 2 in the sensitization. The threshold dose of Bos d 2 varied from 0.1 µg to 〉 100 µg (median ± median absolute deviation = 4.5 ± 3.9 µg). A positive SPT was induced by a median dose of 13.9 ± 9.8 µg of Bos d 2. Bronchial response to histamine and IgE antibodies against Bos d 2 showed the highest correlations to the provocations results.Conclusions The efficacy of Bos d 2 in bronchial provocation in patients with occupational cattle-associated asthma was confirmed and the range of the threshold level was determined. There were individual variations, but the response in provocation remains the reference method for identification of the cause of occupational atopic asthma. SPT and the measurement of specific IgE antibodies, preferably with purified or recombinant major allergens, increase the accuracy of the diagnosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2002.01499.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diagnostic value of antibodies to the traditional antigens of farmer's lung in Finland (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 8 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Precipitating antibodies towards antigens associated with farmer's lung disease were studied in Finnish dairy farming and non-farming rural populations and the results were compared to those of serum samples of patients suspected of having a fungal allergy. The antigen panel consisted of Aspergillus fumigatus, Micropolyspora faeni and Thermoactinomyces vulgaris. All three microbes seemed to be important environmental inducers of antibody formation. The prevalence of antibodies towards all of them was higher in the patient group. The presence of A. fumigatus and T. vulgaris antibodies correlated best with the occurrence of respiratory disease. The difference in M. faeni antibody prevalence between patients and the control group was less significant.The results suggest that in Finland the relative importance of those microorganisms associated with farmer's lung disease may be different from that reported from other countries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1978.tb01512.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Significance of IgG antibodies against environmental microbial antigens in a farming population (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 16 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A group of dairy farmers studied 6 years earlier in a field survey was re-surveyed for respiratory symptoms, occupational capability and the presence of antibodies against environmental micro-organisms. Specific IgG antibodies to Micropolyspora faeni, Thermoactinomyces vulgaris, Aspergillus umbrosus and Aspergillus fumigatus were measured by ELISA from the serum samples obtained in the two surveys. Antibody titres remained constant in 70% of both farmers and controls, but where changes took place, the titres against the actinomycete antigens tended to rise, whereas both increases and decreases were detected equally against the Aspergillus antigens. The titre of specific antibody to any of the four micro-organisms, when measured from a single serum specimen, seemed to be of little diagnostic value. Observed changes however, were more diagnostic, in that a fall in titre, especially against the Aspergillus antigens, was closely associated with a definite decrease in exposure, such as after retirement. Increased titres occurred in farmers with continued exposure, and those against the actinomycetes were associated with the appearance of symptoms in previously symptom-free individuals. In a case of farmer's lung which developed in this population during the follow-up period, significant increases were detectable against T. vulgaris and M. faeni.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1986.tb01981.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probing the mechanisms of low immunogenicity of a lipocalin allergen, Bos d 2, in a mouse model (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 33 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Bos d 2, a major bovine allergen of the lipocalin family, stimulates very weakly cow dust-asthmatic subjects' peripheral blood mononuclear cells and the spleen cells of several inbred mouse strains immunized with the allergen.Objective To identify the immune mechanisms accounting for the weak stimulatory capacity of Bos d 2.Methods The spleen cell responses of BALB/c mice immunized with the allergen and with hen egg lysozyme and tetanus toxoid as control antigens were examined using several in vitro methods.Results Analysis of the numbers of spleen cells in the antigen-stimulated in vitro cultures with the vital dye 7-amino-actinomycin D showed that Bos d 2 induced a smaller expansion of cells in comparison with the control antigens. Increased cell death in vitro did not account for the weak response against Bos d 2. The number of spleen cells reacting against Bos d 2 also proved to be the lowest when they were analysed by labelling the stimulated cells with 5-6-carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester or by enumerating cytokine-secreting cells by ELISPOT. Eliminating CD8+ cells in the in vitro culture did not enhance the response against Bos d 2. Bos d 2 was also the weakest of the antigens to stimulate the production of soluble cytokines. Adding IL-2, IL-4 or antibody against TGF-β in the antigen-stimulated spleen cell cultures enhanced the proliferative responses against all the antigens, whereas adding IL-12 or antibody against IL-4 or IL-10 did not enhance the responses.Conclusion The results exclude several mechanisms of peripheral tolerance as an explanation for the poor immune response against Bos d 2, and suggest that the allergen is recognized by a low number of specific T cells. The weak immunogenicity of Bos d 2 may be related to its allergenicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2222.1999.00002.x-i1
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immune reactivity of cow-asthmatic dairy farmers to the major allergen of cow (BDA20) and to other cow-derived proteins. The use of purified BDA20 increases the performance of diagnostic tests in respiratory cow allergy (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Cow dust is one of the most important inducers of occupational allergic diseases in Finland. For example, in 1991 it accounted for almost 40% of the new occupational asthma cases.Objective This study compares the performance of the purified major cow allergen (BDA20) and crude bovine epithelial extract (BEA) in diagnostic tests and examines the role of milk allergy-associated bovine proteins (bovine serum albumin, α-lactalbumin, β-lactoglobulin, casein) in respiratory cow allergy.Methods The humoral responses of cow-asthmatic and healthy farmers to the various components of BEA were analysed with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and immunoblotting. The levels of specific Ige and IgG antibodies were quantifieated with enzyme-linked inimunosorbent assays (FLISAs). The cellular responses were analysed with antigen-specific lymphoeyte proliferation tests.Results The specific anti-BDA20 IgE measurement was found to be best in distinguishing between the asthmatic farmers and their healthy colleagues. It proved possible to determine a cut-off value that gave the analysis a specificity and sensitivity of 100%; the distinction between the two groups was highly significant (P 0.0001). In the lymphocyte proliferation analysis, cow asthma was more closely associated with reactivity to BDA20 than to BEA. In the measurement of anti-BDA20 and anti-BEA IgG antibody levels, considerable overlap between the groups was observed, suggesting that these antibodies are not directly involved in cow allergy. When proteins associated with milk allergy were used as test reagents, no statistically significant differences could be observed between the groups, except for anti-casein IgE antibodies the level of which, however, overlapped considerably between the farmer groups.Conclusion These findings suggest that purified BDA20 is better than BEA for diagnosing cow asthma and that proteins associated with milk allergy are of only marginal significance in this disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00079.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IgG and IgE antibody responses to cow dander and urine in farmers with cow-induced asthma (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 22 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cow-asthmatic farmers ‘and negative control subjects’ IgG and IgE antibody responses to bovine epithelial antigen (BEA) and urinary antigen (BUA) were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. The anti-BEA IgE responses of 10 highly reactive sera were also studied by crossed radioimmunoelectrophoresis (CRIE). The relative amount of allergens common to both BEA and BUA was measured by IgE ELISA inhibition and found to be 3%. In immunoblotting the IgG reactivity of the asthmatic farmers to BEA and BUA declined along their anti-BEA IgE ELISA titres. Control subjects had IgG antibodies mainly to high molecular weight components (50–70 kD) but lacked detectable IgE responses. The IgE reactivity of the asthmatic farmers was directed to only a few components. A total of two main allergens were found in cow dander (20 and 22 kD) and one in cow urine (20 kD). The 20 kD component was shown to be the most important allergen in cow antigen extracts. In CRIE, seven reactive arcs were detected. Arcs 1, 2 and 5 were detected by all 10 sera and are 3 by six and arc 7 by seven sera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb00118.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of recombinant dog allergens Can f 1 and Can f 2 for the diagnosis of dog allergy (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The use of recombinant allergens for the diagnosis and immunotherapy of allergy may offer several advantages over allergen extracts.Objective To produce recombinant dog allergens Can f 1 and Can f 2 in Pichia pastoris yeast and to assess their suitability for the diagnosis of dog allergy.Methods Clinically diagnosed dog-allergic patients' and healthy non-atopic dog owners' reactivities against recombinant Can f 1 and Can f 2 and commercial dog epithelial extract were studied by a panel of methods including skin prick test (SPT), ELISA and IgE immunoblotting.Results Recombinant Can f 1 and Can f 2 were found immunologically functional: they bound dog-allergic patients' IgE in immunoblotting and inhibited specifically the binding of IgE to their natural counterparts in the dog allergen extract. Moreover, patients' IgE reactivity in immunoblotting to natural Can f 1 and their SPT with the recombinant allergen were perfectly concordant (φ coefficient 1.0, P〈0.001). The concordance was slightly lower with recombinant Can f 2 (φ coefficient 0.92, P〈0.001). A lower number of dog-allergic patients, 52%, reacted against Can f 1 than previously reported. About one-third of the patients reacted to Can f 2. In immunoblotting, the highest prevalence of reactivity, 60%, was directed to an 18 kDa component. Aminoterminal sequencing showed this to be a previously unidentified allergenic protein.Conclusions The recombinant allergens can be used reliably to identify Can f 1 and Can f 2-sensitized individuals. However, the two allergens are insufficient as reagents for diagnosing dog allergy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.02071.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular analysis of allergenic proteins in bovine dander (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An analytic procedure was established to characterize bovine dander proteins with allergenic properties. The proteins from dander extract were separated by size-exclusion gel filtration, and the fractions were studied with SDS-PAGE followed by immunoblotting. An 11-kDa allergen was found in the same gel filtration fractions as 20- and 22-kDa allergens, and this suggests that the 11-kDa allergen is a dimer in its native form. Our method also detected two separate 22-kDa allergens. The primary structure of the major bovine dander allergen (BDA20) was also studied. A protein sequencer was used to determine the amino acid sequences of enzymatically cleaved peptides. The homology searches revealed that BDA20 is not a previously known bovine protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1996.tb04633.x
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