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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactive scattering from oriented molecules: The three-center reaction K+ICl→KI+Cl, KCl+I (1992)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 97 (1992), S. 9016-9030 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a crossed molecular beam experiment, we have measured the angular and time-of-flight (TOF) distributions of the products KCl and KI formed in the reaction K+ICl→KI+Cl, KCl+I at an elevated collision energy of Etr=1.64 eV. Employing the brute force method, we have prepared an oriented ICl beam and studied in addition also the orientation dependence of these distributions. The results are (i) KCl is the dominant product, but also KI is substantially formed with a branching ratio of 4:1; (ii) the double differential reaction cross section in the center-of-mass frame (contour maps) indicates that all products are preferentially forward scattered and constrained to the forward hemisphere; (iii) the KCl flux consists of two distinct components which differ markedly in kinetic energy and dependence on the ICl orientation; there are also indications of the existence of two components of KI; (iv) 65%, 84%, and 64% of the available energy is vested into the internal degrees of freedom for the fast, slow component of KCl and KI, respectively; (v) the existence of two components can be rationalized on the basis of the harpooning mechanism where the jumping electron accesses the ground state or one of the low excited states of the ICl− ion and triggers the subsequent explosion of the ion with more or less kinetic energy of the fragments depending on the initially populated state; (vi) the energies released during dissociation of ICl− in the 2Σ ground state and the first 2Π state are ≤0.19 and ≤1.2 eV, respectively; (vii) the fast KCl component features a negative steric effect suggesting favorable product formation for attacks of K to the I end of ICl, the steric effect of the slow KI component is positive, i.e., attacks to the Cl end form products favorably; the other components exhibit no significant steric effect; (viii) the steric effects can be quantitatively rationalized using the same model as mentioned above; (ix) the magnitude of the steric effect suggests a rotational temperature of the low-lying states of the ICl beam of 14±1 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.463328
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Congenital Infection of Sheep with Border Disease Virus on Myelin Proteins (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 61 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Border disease (BD) of sheep is caused by a virus in the genus Pestivirus that results in decreased myelination throughout the CMS when acquired congenitally. Pregnant ewes were inoculated with BD virus at 50 days of gestation, and myelin proteins were quantified in several regions of the CNS during prenatal and postnatal development of infected lambs for comparison with age-matched controls. Newborn field-infected lambs were also examined. Myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein (PLP), myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG), and 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNP) were measured by densitometric scanning of western blots. Deficiencies in the myelin proteins were detected as early as 116 days of gestation, and the deficiencies of myelin proteins were most pronounced in the cerebellum at all ages examined. PLP and MBP increased from 10–30% of normal in cerebellar white matter at birth to 40–60% of normal at 6 months, suggesting some catch-up in the amount of compact myelin with development. MAG and CNP were between 70 and 80% of control levels in the cerebellum at birth and at 6 months. Similar results were obtained for the corpus callosum and spinal cord of infected lambs, but the deficiencies of myelin proteins were not as great. A common finding in all regions examined was that MBP and PLP were reduced more than MAG and CNP. This is probably explained by a greater deficit of compact myelin, in which MBP and PLP are localized, than of associated oli-godendroglial membranes, in which MAG and CNP are concentrated. Similar results have been obtained in several dysmyelinating mutants, pointing to common factors in virally and genetically caused hypomyelination. Key Words: Border disease—Myelin—Hypomyelination—Development—Sheeo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb09820.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical Analysis of Myelin Proteins in a Novel Neurological Mutant: The Taiep Rat (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 69 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Hemispheres, spinal cords, and sciatic nerves were taken from taiep, carrier, and control rats at ages ranging from 1 day to 16 months. Absolute myelin yields from CNS taiep tissues peaked at ∼2 months and then decreased until they reached a low but stable level. Myelin yield from the affected hemispheres expressed as a percentage of age-matched controls decreased continuously from 2 weeks until it reached a stable level of ∼10–15%. The same was true for the spinal cords, but here the myelin yield reached a plateau at a slightly higher percentage of 20–25%. In comparison with control rats, isolated CNS myelin fractions from the affected rats had a greater content of high molecular weight proteins. Western blot analyses of CNS homogenates revealed that myelin basic protein (MBP), proteolipid protein, and 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase were all present but decreased to levels generally consistent with the deficiencies of myelin. However myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) levels always were reduced much more than those of the other three myelin proteins, and at younger ages the apparent molecular weight for MAG was increased in the mutants. Western blot analyses of sciatic nerve homogenates showed that the levels of MBP, MAG, and P0 were not significantly different in control and mutant animals. These results suggested an early hypomyelination of the CNS, with peak levels of myelin at 2 months, followed by a prolonged period of myelin loss, until a very low but stable myelin level was reached. The consistently greater loss of MAG, in comparison with other CNS myelin proteins, is different from most other hypomyelinating mutants in which MAG is relatively preserved in comparison with the proteins of compact myelin. This might be due to microtubular abnormalities in the taiep mutant interfering with transport of myelin proteins and having the greatest effect on MAG because of its most distal location in the periaxonal oligodendroglial membranes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1997.69020773.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prominent 85-kDa Oligomannosidic Glycoproteins of Rat Brain Are Signal Regulatory Proteins and Include the SHP Substrate-1 for Tyrosine Phosphatases (1999)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 72 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The glycoprotein component in rat brain reacting most strongly with Galanthus nivalis agglutinin (GNA) on western blots migrates as an 85-kDa band. GNA identifies mannose-rich oligosaccharides because it is highly specific for terminal α-mannose residues. After purification of this 85-kDa glycoprotein band by chromatography on GNA-agarose and preparative gel electrophoresis, binding of other lectins demonstrated the presence of fucose and a trace of galactose, but no sialic acid. Treatment with N-Glycanase or endoglycosidase H produced a 65-kDa band, indicating that it consisted of about one-fourth N-linked oligomannosidic carbohydrate moieties. High-performance anion-exchange chromatography and fluorescence-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis indicated that the major carbohydrate moiety is a heptasaccharide with the structure Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manα1-6(Manα1-3)Manβ1-4Glc-NAcβ1-4GlcNAc (Man5GlcNAc2). Determination of amino acid sequences of peptides produced by endoproteinase digestion demonstrated that this 85-kDa mannose-rich glycoprotein component contained the SHP substrate-1 for phosphotyrosine phosphatases and at least one other member of the signal-regulatory protein (SIRP) family. The unusually high content of oligomannosidic carbohydrate moieties on these receptor-like members of the immunoglobulin superfamily in neural tissue could be of functional significance for intercellular adhesion or signaling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1999.721688.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brute force in reactive scattering: steric effects in the reaction potassium + iodine chloride .fwdarw. potassium iodide + chlorine atom, potassium chloride + iodine atom at Etr = 3.03 eV (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 97 (1993), S. 2158-2166 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100112a016
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peptide amidation by chemical protein engineering. A combination of enzymic and photochemical synthesis (1992)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 114 (1992), S. 1876-1877 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00031a049
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of Posttraumatic Microglial Proliferation in a Genetic Model of Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Deficiency in the Mouse (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 6 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Activation and proliferation of microglia are common cellular hallmarks in many different pathological processes of the central nervous system. Although a number of colony-stimulating factors enhance microglial proliferation in vitro, little is known about the endogenous mitogens. In the present study we show a strong and selective inhibition of microglial proliferation in the facial nucleus of osteopetrotic (op/op) mice, with a genetic deficiency in biologically active macrophage colony-stimulating factor (MCSF). Posttraumatic activation of adjacent axotomized neurons and reactive astrocytes was not affected, emphasizing the specificity of MCSF as a microglial growth factor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00552.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morgan, Arthur E.: The Making of the TVA : London, Pemberton Books, 1974 (1976)
    Cambridge : Cambridge University Press
    The @historical journal 19 (1976), S. 308-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-246X
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/S0018246X00018562
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Small-Angle X-ray Scattering Size Parameters and Higher Moments of the Particle-Size Distribution Function in the Asymptotic Stage of Ostwald Ripening (1995)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 28 (1995), S. 553-560 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) is a powerful tool to study the kinetics of phase separation in materials. A simple procedure is presented that allows one to prove if the particle-size distribution established in a system in the late stages of phase separation corresponds to the predictions of the classical Lifshitz–Slyozov–Wagner (LSW) theory for the asymptotic stage of Ostwald ripening. The method is based on the correlations between certain SAXS size parameters and the higher moments of the LSW size distribution functions for diffusion-limited or reaction-limited ripening. It is suggested that the use of these size parameters, which can be obtained with high accuracy from the scattering curve, is frequently more advantageous than a direct comparison of the experimentally obtained size distributions with the asymptotic size-distribution functions predicted by the LSW theory. The method is applicable if the suppositions made in the LSW theory that the precipitated particles should be homogeneous spheres with volume fraction tending to zero are fulfilled. The method is applied to a photochromic glass; although the silver-halide precipitates contained in the glass develop according to the power law of diffusion-limited Ostwald ripening, their size distribution is shown not to correspond to the features of the LSW size distribution. Consequently, in this case the LSW theory cannot describe quantitatively the kinetics of ripening.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889895003827
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mykotoxine in Futtermitteln (1973)
    Springer
    European food research and technology 151 (1973), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mykotoxine sind giftige Stoffwechselprodukte von Schimmelpilzen, ihre Bildung ist abhängig von verschiedenen Faktoren wie Temperatur und Luftfeuchtigkeit. Sie werden sowohl auf wirtschaftseigenem Grundfutter als auch auf Handelsfuttermitteln (Einzel- und Mischfuttermittel) gebildet. Aufgrund unterschiedlicher Toxicität führen sie nach Aufnahme mit dem Futter zu mehr oder weniger schwerwiegenden Mykotoxicosen. Eine Dekontamination der Futtermittel von Mykotoxinen ist in begrenztem Umfang möglich. Besser ist die Verhinderung der Mykotoxin-Bildung durch geeignete Maßnahmen. Seit dem 17. August 1971 sind in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland die Aflatoxin-Höchstmengen für die verschiedenen Mischfuttermittel gesetzlich festgelegt; eine Regelung für die Aflatoxin-Höchstgehalte in Einzelfuttermitteln soll folgen. Es ist an der Zeit, die Forschung auf dem Gebiet der Nicht-Aflatoxine, insbesondere der Fusarien-Toxine, zu intensivieren und auch für diese zulässige Höchstmengen festzulegen.
    Notes: Summary Mycotoxins are toxic metabolic products from moulds. The production is dependent on several factors such as temperature and humidity. Mycotoxins are produced as well on farm produced fodder as on commercial feedstuffs (individual and mixed feeds). Based on different toxicities they cause more or less heavy mycotoxicoses after digestion. A decontamination of mycotoxins on feedstuffs is possible to a certain degree. More effective is to prevent the development of mycotoxins by suitable measures. In the Federal Republic of Germany limits of aflatoxin content in mixed feeds are determined by law since the August 17th of 1971. A regulation of the aflatoxin limits in single feedstuffs shall follow. Time has come to intensity the investigation in the field of the non-aflatoxins, especially that of the Fusarium toxins, and to determine the admissible limits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01856223
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