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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and characterization of the melatonin receptors in the hypothalamus and pituitary gland of three domestic ungulates (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of pineal research 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: With some exceptions, in most of the mammals the pituitary pars tuber-alis and the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nuclei are reportedly the main targets for the pineal hormone melatonin. However, it is not known if the conspicuous diversity in the distribution pattern of melatonin binding sites in these areas depicts differences in reproductive behavior observed in the seasonally breeding species in the temperate zones. We explored the distribution and the characteristics of melatonin binding sites in the hypothalamus and pituitary of three species (bovine, horse, and donkey) different in terms of seasonal reproductive competence. The topographical localization, investigated by in vitro autoradiography, revealed 2-[125I]iodomelatonin binding sites only in the pituitary gland in all three species, primarily in the pars tuberalis (PT), but also in the pars distalis (PD) and pars intermedia (PI). Kinetic, inhibition, and saturation studies, performed by means of in vitro binding, revealed presence of a single class high affinity binding sites. The Kd values, melatonin, and 2-iodomelatonin Kj values were in the low picomo-lar range. Coincubation with GTP7S inhibited 2-[125 I]iodomelatonin binding, demonstrating that these putative receptors are linked to a G protein in their signal-transduction pathway. The hypothalamus was devoid of specific binding. In conclusion, the results suggest that in these species, the hypophysis may be a principal target for the melatonin action on the reproductive system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1995.tb00161.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution and pharmacology of alanine–serine–cysteine transporter 1 (asc-1) in rodent brain (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 18 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A polyclonal antibody against the Na+-independent alanine–serine–cysteine transporter 1 (asc-1) was raised and the specificity of the antibody verified by Western blots performed on membranes prepared from HEK293 cells transiently transfected with the cloned murine asc-1. The antibody was then used to localize the transporter in the brain of two rodent species by using immunohistochemistry at the light and electron microscopical level. asc-1-immunoreactivity (asc-1-ir) was widely distributed throughout the mouse and rat brain. Areas with high levels of asc-1-ir included hypothalamus, the medial septal area, globus pallidus, entopeduncular nucleus, cingulate and retrosplenial cortices. Moderate asc-1-ir was observed in several areas including layers III and V of the neocortex, thalamus, nucleus accumbens, caudate putamen, bed nucleus of stria terminalis, all amygdaloid nuclei, hippocampus (CA1–CA3 and hilus of the dentate gyrus), as well as several brainstem nuclei. asc-1-ir was observed as punctuate staining consistent with varicosities matching neuronal cell bodies and dendritic fields. At the ultrastructural level, asc-1-ir was mainly confined to presynaptic terminals. Immunostaining in either glial cell bodies or perivascular sites was not observed and white matter was completely devoid of asc-1-ir. Furthermore, the pharmacology of the Na+-independent uptake site for [3H]d-serine in rat brain synaptosomal P2 fractions was compared with the substrate specificity of the cloned human asc-1 transporter and a high degree of correlation was demonstrated. We conclude that asc-1-ir is widespread in the brain and limited to neuronal structures and that asc-1 may contribute to synaptic clearance of d-serine in brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02966.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of adrenergic agonists on c-fos, jun-B and nitric oxide synthase-like immunoreactivities in cultured rat pinealocytes (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of pineal research 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Pineal melatonin synthesis is enhanced by the activation of adrenergic and opioid receptors. The precise mechanism of how signal transduction is affected by the activation of these receptors, leading to an increase in melatonin synthesis, is not clear. An attempt has been made to investigate the effects of the activation of these two types of receptors that might lead to the induction of immediate early genes (IEGs) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expressions. The present study shows that the stimulation of cultured pinealocytes by 1 μM epinephrine (an α- and β-adrenergic agonist) for 2 h increased the number of c-fos immunoreactive (IR) cells, and that this stimulatory effect was abolished by adding 10 μM prazosin (an α-adrenergic antagonist) to the culture medium. No significant change of c-fos-IR cells was found when cells were treated with either 1 μM isoproterenol (a β-adrenergic agonist) or 100 μM morphine (an opioid agonist). Neither epinephrine (1 μM), isoproterenol (1 μM) nor morphine (100 μM) altered jun-B-IR cells in the culture. With regard to NOS, the number of IR cells was slightly increased after 2 h of incubation by 10 μM isoproterenol, whereas morphine (100 μM) and epinephrine (10 μM) did not change the number of IR cells. The results of this experiment have demonstrated that c-fos expression is induced by α-adrenergic but not β-adrenergic agonists, nor by opioid agonists. Neither α-, β-adrenergic nor opioid agonists had any significant effect on jun-B, whereas NOS was slightly increased by isoproterenol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079x.2001.310215.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presence of oxytocinergic neuronal-like cells in the bovine pineal gland: an immunocytochemical and in situ hybridization study (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of pineal research 31 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In the last decade, there is more and more evidence showing the role of the central innervation of the pineal gland, but there are controversies around the intra or extrapineal origin of oxytocin found within the pineal tissue. In order to check the amount and the site of synthesis of oxytocin in the bovine pineal gland, we performed a morphological and chromatographic study. The anatomical distribution of the pineal oxytocin was explored by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for the corresponding mRNA. The results confirm the presence of oxytocinergic fibres in the bovine pineal, some of them endowed with big varicosities. Immunohistochemistry also displayed neuronal-like cells in the pineal body. The in situ hybridization for the mRNA encoding pre-pro/oxytocin-NFZ I used a mixture of three oligonucleotide probes labelled with 35S. This allowed identification of positive cells in the bovine pineal. The content in oxytocin was evaluated by radioimmunoassay during 5 months, from July to November, and the peptidic extract revealed an increase of pineal oxytocin immunoreactivity in September as compared with July or November. The significance of intrinsic oxytocin innervation of the bovine pineal gland, as well as the threefold increase of the oxytocin content in the pineal in September, remains to be elucidated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-079X.2001.310312.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immunohistochemical study of neuropeptide Y in the bovine pineal gland (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of pineal research 15 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: An immunohistochemical study of the bovine pineal gland was performed using rabbit polyclonal antibodies raised against neuropeptide Y (NPY) or against the C-terminal flanking peptide of proNPY (CPON). A large number of NPY/CPON-immunoreactive (IR) nerve fibers were demonstrated throughout bovine pineal gland. The IR-fibers were located in the capsule of the gland, usually piercing into the gland together with blood vessels. In the gland itself, the fibers wen also located intraparenchymally between the pinealocytes. Within the rostral and caudal areas of the pineal stalk, NPY-IR fibers were also observed, and these fibers could be followed not only into the gland bul also to the habenular and posterior commissures. The morphological localization of the NPY-IR nerve fibers in the bovine pineal gland indicate that the majority of fibers originate from the superior cervical ganglion. However, some fibers probably originate from the brain itself.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1993.tb00510.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Announcement (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of pineal research 13 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1992.tb00060.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Demonstration of PACAP-immunoreactive intrapineal nerve fibers in the golden hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) originating from the trigeminal ganglion (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Journal of pineal research 38 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract:  By using immunohistochemistry, a network of nerve fibers containing pituitary adenylate-cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) was demonstrated in the pineal gland of the golden hamster, a photoperiodic species often used in pineal and circadian rhythm research. The nerve fibers are present in the capsule from where they permeate into the pineal perivascular spaces and parenchyma. Immuno-electron microscopy showed the PACAPergic nerve terminals, with clear transmitter vesicles, to terminate in the interstitial spaces between the pinealocytes or in the perivascular spaces. Some of the PACAPergic nerve terminals made synapse-like contacts with the pinealocytes. The origin of the PACAP-containing nerve fibers innervating the pineal gland of the hamster was investigated by combined retrograde tracing with fluorogold and immunohistochemistry for PACAP. A 2% fluorogold solution was injected iontophoretically into the superficial pineal gland and the animals were allowed to survive for 1 wk. After perfusion fixation of the rats, the location of the tracer was investigated in the brain, the parasympathetic sphenopalatine, and otic ganglia, as well as in the sensory trigeminal ganglia. The tracer was found in perikarya of all the investigated ganglia. However, co-localization with PACAP was found only in the trigeminal ganglion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.2004.00183.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of Serotonin-N-Acetyltransferase Activity in the Pineal Gland of the Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus) by Intracerebroventricular Injection of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of pineal research 7 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: There is ever-increasing evidence that intrapineal peptides have an important role in the modulation of pineal melatonin synthesis. In the pineal gland of the Mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus), we have previously shown the presence of VIP-immunoreactive nerve fibers as well as pinealocytic VIP receptors. To assess the functional significance of these findings, 10 μl of a 1 μM or 1 nM solution of VIP were injected into the lateral ventricle of gerbils over a period of 10 min. Animals were killed 1.5 hr after injection, and the superficial pineal glands were excised and assayed for N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity. Injection of the 1 μM VIP solution stimulated the NAT activity to values four times the control values. The results are compatible with an in vivo influence on the pineal gland indole metabolism of the nonsympathetic VIP-containing nerve fibers via VIP-receptors present in the gland.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1989.tb00914.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide-Like Immunoreactive Nerve Fibers in the Pineal Gland of the Sheep (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of pineal research 8 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-079X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-like immunoreactive nerve fibers were demonstrated by peroxidase antiperoxidase (PAP) inmmunohistochemistry to be distributed throughout the entire pineal gland of the sheep. VIP-containing fibers were observed along the blood vessels, penetrating into the gland from the pial capsule and also in the capsule itself. Some fibers left the perivascular position and entered the pineal parenchyma, where they were located among pinealocytes. This suggested that the VIPergic fibers might influence both pinealocytes and blood vessels of the gland. The location of VIP-containing fibers in the capsule of the pineal gland indicates that the fibers originate from perikarya located in a peripheral ganglion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-079X.1990.tb00805.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Managing buyer-supplier relationships and inter-organisational competence development (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 14 (2003), S. 369-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: The work presented in this article is part of an action research project carried out in collaboration between Bang & Olufsen (B&O) and the Center for Industrial Production (CIP) of Aalborg University. The aim of the project is to investigate how end-manufacturers can source new technology via innovative NPD-related supplier relationships. Whereas prior work on buyer-supplier relationships is dominated by a product-oriented view, the present research has adopted a resource-based (competence) view to develop a framework to guide companies in developing and handling competence-based relationships with technology suppliers. The framework suggests four different types of inter-organisational competence development, two of which will be illustrated using empirical data obtained through two in-depth case studies of innovative partnership projects between B&O and some of its sub-suppliers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060310469743
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