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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Silver particles on stochastic quartz substrates providing tenfold increase in Raman enhancement (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 89 (1985), S. 1843-1846 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100256a002
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new scheme for Langmuir probe measurement of transport and electron temperature fluctuations : Proceedings of the 9th topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 63 (1992), S. 4608-4610 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new scheme to extend the triple Langmuir probe technique for the measurement of electron temperature fluctuations and the fluctuation-driven transport has been developed. The extension is aimed at reducing the phase delay error introduced by finite probe tip separations in standard triple-probe method. The modified triple-probe scheme provides a more reliable measurement of the temperature fluctuations for a proper interpretation of the density and potential fluctuations and the transport measurement from Langmuir probe data. New results on fluctuations have been obtained from Phaedrus-T and TEXT-U tokamaks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1143683
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Emission characteristics of two-dimensional organic photonic crystal lasers fabricated by replica molding (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 86 (1999), S. 3502-3507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report on the far-field emission characteristics of two-dimensional photonic crystal-based organic waveguide lasers. The photonic crystals possess square vein, triangular, and honeycomb symmetries. The two-dimensional gratings are fabricated by employing soft lithographic methods. The far-field pattern that we observe is a result of out-of-plane diffractive coupling of the laser emission generated in the plane of the waveguide. This emission pattern offers a convenient and powerful way to evaluate the nature of laser action in such resonators. In devices which possess defects/breaks in the periodicity of the two-dimensional grating, laser emission generated in-plane is scattered in the plane of the waveguide. This phenomenon is the photonic crystal analogue of Kikuchi scattering in electronic crystals. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.371248
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The time-domain triple-probe method : Proceedings of the tenth topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 437-439 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A new Langmuir-probe technique based on the triple-probe method is being developed to provide simultaneous measurement of plasma temperature, potential, and density with the temporal and spatial resolution required to accurately characterize plasma turbulence. When the conventional triple-probe method is used in an inhomogeneous plasma, local differences in the plasma measured at each probe introduce significant error in the estimation of turbulence parameters. The time-domain triple-probe method (TDTP) uses high-speed switching of Langmuir-probe potential, rather than spatially separated probes, to gather the triple-probe information thus avoiding these errors. Analysis indicates that plasma response times and recent electronics technology meet the requirements to implement the TDTP method. Data reduction techniques of TDTP data are to include linear and higher-order correlation analysis to estimate fluctuation induced particle and thermal transport, and relationships between temperature, density, and potential fluctuations. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1146372
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hole mass determination in ZnSe by observation of standing polariton waves (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 4049-4051 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Interference pattern due to standing polariton waves have been observed in thin planparallel ZnSe layers. The samples consist of pseudomorphic ZnSe/ZnCdSe quantum well structures grown by molecular beam epitaxy with cap layers of various thicknesses. The interference pattern appearing in reflectance and photoluminescence excitation spectra were fitted to calculated spectra applying a simple theoretical model. This fit results in the determination of the deadlayer thickness and the evaluation of the Luttinger parameter γ1 and γ2. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363365
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser action from two-dimensional distributed feedback in photonic crystals (1999)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 74 (1999), S. 7-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report an analysis of the operation of a new type of laser resonator with two-dimensional distributed feedback from a photonic crystal. The gain medium consists of a 2-(4-biphenylyl)-5(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole host doped with Coumarin 490 and DCM and is deposited on lithographically patterned Si/SiO2 structures. Bragg reflections caused by the grating diminish the group velocity of photons along some directions of crystallographic symmetry to zero, and the resulting feedback gives rise to laser oscillations. Dispersion relations for photons were calculated analytically and are used to interpret the laser emission spectra. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.123116
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of trapping parameters in poly(p-phenylenevinylene) light-emitting devices using thermally stimulated currents (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 87-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Employing thermally stimulated current (TSC) technique, the existence of distinct trap distributions in poly(p-phenylenevinylene) (PPV) light-emitting devices has been established. In devices with an indium tin-oxide (ITO) anode two TSC peaks in the temperature range between 100 and 150 K are observed. They correspond to trap levels with a depth of 0.03–0.06 eV and 0.13–0.18 eV, respectively. The total density of these trap species is of the order of 1016 cm−3 which is in good agreement with the dopant concentration obtained from capacitance-voltage measurements. The investigated peaks in the TSC spectrum do not occur if a Au electrode is used instead of ITO. Hence, the reaction of ITO with the elimination products (mainly HCl) during the conversion of the PPV precursor leads to the formation of these shallow traps. Deeper trap states with energies between 0.6 and 1 eV have been detected, too. The latter trapping levels appear independently of the anode substrate material and are due to the influence of air. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.368004
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-emitting diodes based on poly-p-phenylene-vinylene: I. Charge-carrier injection and transport (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 1951-1960 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Detailed investigations of the device characteristics of poly-p-phenylene-vinylene (PPV) light-emitting diodes are reported. We analyze the influence of various hole- and electron-injecting electrodes on the current–voltage (I–V) characteristics and electroluminescence behavior. Our studies reveal that thermal conversion of the prepolymer on indium–tin–oxide (ITO) substrates leads—in contrast to conversion on Au and other high-work-function metals—to a p-type doping of PPV and, additionally, to the formation of an ohmic hole-injecting contact at the ITO/PPV interface. Hence, devices fabricated with low-work-function metals acting as the electron injecting contact (for example, Al and Ca) display Schottky behavior. These Schottky diodes are distinguished by a high rectification ratio ρr of about 106 and display electroluminescence at bias voltages as low as 1.5 V for ITO/PPV/Ca light-emitting diodes. The I–V characteristics can be quantitatively described within the modified Shockley equation, taking into account the voltage drop on a serial resistance, yielding ideality factors n ranging from 1.6 to 2.4 for different devices. At high current densities, space-charge-limited currents determine the device characteristics. The hole mobility μh is found to be of the order of 10−5 cm2/V s. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366003
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Light-emitting diodes based on poly-p-phenylene-vinylene: II. Impedance spectroscopy (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 82 (1997), S. 1961-1966 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Electrical impedance measurements on poly-p-phenylene-vinylene (PPV) light-emitting diodes in the frequency range between 100 Hz and 10 MHz are reported. A significant difference can be revealed between the device characteristics of light-emitting diodes eliminated on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) and those of other high-work-function metals (e.g., Au). Thermal conversion of the precursor polymer on ITO substrates results in a p-type doping of the conjugated polymer PPV. Hence, devices in the configuration ITO/PPV/Al display Schottky behavior, which can be modeled by a simple equivalent circuit of two RC elements in series, representing a bulk and a junction region. The low-frequency device capacitance displays a pronounced voltage dependence and, from a detailed analysis, the ionized acceptor concentration NA, the diffusion potential VD, and the width of the space charge region w can be obtained. Typical values for NA are 1016–1017 cm−3, and for VD within the range 1–1.5 V, resulting in a width w of the space charge region at zero bias of about 50–150 nm. Via temperature-dependent investigations a transition from a p-type semiconductor Schottky diode at room temperature to a metal/insulator(polymer)/metal structure at lower temperatures is revealed. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366004
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Time-domain triple-probe measurement of edge plasma turbulence on the Texas Experimental Tokamak Upgrade : Proceedings of the eleventh topical conference on high temperature plasma diagnostics (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 369-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The time-domain triple-probe method (TDTP) switches Langmuir probe states at high speeds to gather triple-probe information thereby avoiding errors which result when implementing the triple-probe method with spatially separated single state probes in an inhomogeneous plasma. Successful implementation of the TDTP method requires a switching frequency greater than the turbulence bandwidth so that aliased power does not degrade time interpolated estimates of triple-probe states. Additionally, transients between states, largely determined by the ratio of ion saturation current to probe capacitance, must be short enough to establish a probe–plasma equilibrium. These requirements have been met in the edge plasma and parts of the scrape-off layer on the Texas Experimental Tokamak Upgrade. Temperature fluctuations have been measured at two poloidally separated probes. Cross-phase and coherence spectra consistent with those of floating potential fluctuations and ion saturation current fluctuations are measured. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147832
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