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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of primary prevention initiatives for skin cancer: a review from a U.K. perspective (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 143 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To ensure effective primary prevention of skin cancer, aimed at changing behaviour in the sun, and ultimately at reducing the incidence and mortality rates from skin cancer, sufficient information needs to be known about the relationship between sun exposure and skin cancer, the effectiveness of sun protection measures, and the acceptability and uptake of protective measures by the general public. This review specifically addresses the quality and outcome of studies designed to evaluate the impact of primary prevention initiatives in the U.K. Four main areas of concern are highlighted: (i) teenage behaviour in the sun is difficult to change; (ii) fashion, in part, dictates adult and adolescent behaviour in the sun; (iii) there are practical problems related to response rates, follow-up and interpretation of self-reported behaviour; and (iv) a strategy for primary prevention in the U.K. may be falsely based on the experience and results of Australian and American programmes. Standardized methods for monitoring general population behaviour are needed in the U.K. Evaluation of interventions targeting specific groups, especially parents and young children, and the relative costs of different strategies should be reported. Primary prevention messages and strategies should be adapted to the type of ultraviolet radiation exposure experienced, and the overall low risk of melanoma, while addressing controversies on the health effects of sun exposure and sun screens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2000.03764.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigating changes in awareness about cutaneous malignant melanoma in Britain using the Omnibus Survey (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 19 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Awareness about cutaneous malignant melanoma and sun protection was investigated in a national sample of 3961 adults. Awareness about malignant melanoma seems to have increased in England since the mid 1980s but it is lower in men, rhe under 25s, the elderly, those without a partner and the poorer socioeconomic groups. As mortality rates for melanoma are higher in elderly men than other age sex groups, the possibility for improved awareness and prevention needs to be explored further within this group. Most people in the survey knew about sun protection. Further primary prevention initiatives should be monitored, using markers for behaviour such as the incidence of sunburn, as the potential benefits ofa reduced incidence of skin cancer might not be seen for up to 20 years.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1994.tb02685.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The evaluation of diagnostic and prognostic criteria and the terminology of thin cutaneous malignant melanoma by the CRC Melanoma Pathology Panel (1996)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 28 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Sections from 95 skin lesions excised at pigmented lesion clinics in England and Scotland were studied by eight histopathologists in order to evaluate consistency in the use of histopathological terms for features of diagnostic and prognostic importance for cutaneous malignant melanoma. The level of agreement (kappa) amongst the panel improved after discussion and re-definement of criteria for several features. These included, architectural and nuclear atypia, pagetoid infiltration and radial and vertical growth phases. A high level of agreement was achieved for an overall benign or malignant diagnosis (κ = 0.77) but use of more specific terms such as benign naevi with atypia and melanoma ≤0.76 mm thickness, was associated with only an intermediate level of agreement. Of the original diagnosis of melanoma, 17% were re-classified by the panel as benign with atypia and 2% reported to be benign were judged to be melanoma. This reflected the high proportion of borderline lesions in the study. The use of standardized diagnostic criteria with precise definitions has been shown to improve consistency in diagnosis and it is recommended for general application. From this should emanate more reliable incidence figures for thin melanoma, and improved understanding of the nature of these early lesions, to the benefit of patient and clinician alike. The poor concordance in distinguishing severe dysplasia in the junctional component of melanocyte proliferations from melanoma in situ and superficial dermal invasion improved only modestly despite intensive efforts. Since melanoma in situ and severe dysplasia cannot be distinguished by objective measurements and since their clinical management is the same, the panel suggests that attempts to separate them in diagnostic reports should be discontinued and they could both be referred to as melanocytic intraepidermal neoplasia (MIN). If it becomes accepted that dermal invasion without a vertical growth component can also be managed identically to MIN, then this invasive radial phase may be appropriately referred to as microinvasion and linked to MIN for the purposes of clinical management.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.1996.d01-464.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact of skin cancer education on medical students' diagnostic skills (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 28 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Skin cancer is increasingly common, and the skills involved in its diagnosis should be promoted in UK medical schools. However, there has been no scientific evaluation of the teaching methods employed by dermatology departments. The aim of this study was to evaluate, using traditional audiovisual methods, the impact of an illustrated booklet on skin cancer, coupled with a lecture, on undergraduates' diagnostic skills. The ability of 27 final-year medical students to recognize a variety of skin lesions, using projected images from clinical slides, was assessed. They were tested without warning on two occasions. Immediately after the first test, students were given an illustrated booklet on skin tumours and pigmented lesions which was supplemented with a lecture based on the booklet. Two weeks later, a second test was employed using a series of slides deemed to be of equal diagnostic difficulty. Our results showed a significant increase in the median number of correct diagnoses between the first and second tests (P 〈 0.001). However, there remained wide variation at the second test in the percentage of correct answers (30 to 80%) amongst students. Our study highlights the need to develop effective methods for improving the diagnostic skills of undergraduates in dermatology, and the importance of evaluating teaching methods. The methods of evaluation, such as ours, can be simple and inexpensive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2003.01237.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melanoma awareness and sun exposure in Leicester (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 134 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1996.tb07633.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cancer Research Campaign health education programme to promote the early detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma. I. Work-load and referral patterns (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 132 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: From 1987 to 1989 a campaign to promote the early detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma was conducted in the areas of seven health authorities in England and Scotland (total population 3.6 million). Data were collected on 17.155 patients attending pigmented lesion clinics (PLCs) in each study area during the campaign. After a dramatic rise in PLC referral rates in the first month of the campaign the average monthly referral rate among the target population in the study period settled to an average of l3 per 105, a twofold increase compared with the pre-campaign period. Over 85% of patients at all PLCs were seen within 4 weeks of referral from their general practitioners. The melanoma to non-melanoma detection ratio was (1:33). The organization of future early detection initiatives needs careful review and planning, in order to improve their effectiveness in all sections of the population, and to enable health services to cope with the increased work-toad.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08674.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cancer Research Campaign health education programme to promote the early detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma. II. Characteristics and incidence of melanoma (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 132 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect on the detection and characteristics of melanoma, resulting from the Cancer Research Campaign's health education programme to promote the early detection of melanoma in the general population, was studied from 1987 to 1989. The seven study areas in England and Scotland yield a target population of 3.6 million. Data were collected from local clinic-based registers, pathology laboratories, and the cancer registries. The average annual incidence rates of melanoma were seven and 12 per 105 in males and females, respectively, age-standardized to England and Wales, 1988. These rates are similar to the national figures for Scotland, where there is a national melanoma register, but higher than those reported by the English and Welsh cancer registries. The incidence was significantly higher in females than males (P〈(0.001), and increased with age. Fifty-three per cent and 65% of cases in males and females, respectively, were thin (Breslow thickness ≤1.5 mm), similar to the national figures from Scotland. No significant decrease in the incidence of late-stage tumours was found in either sex as a result of the campaign. Because of difficulties with ascertainment of cases in England, the main evaluation will focus on future trends in mortality rates for melanoma.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08675.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the heat-island effect of the city of Valencia, Spain, through air temperature transects and NOAA satellite data (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied climatology 43 (1991), S. 195-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-4483
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Summary The aim of this paper is to analyze the heat-island effect of the city of Valencia, Spain, by means of the traditional technique (transects of the air temperature measured from a car) and by means of NOAA satellite thermal images. The analysis includes the nights of 27 and 28 February 1988, on which a light radiative frost occurred. Satellite images were corrected for the emissivity effect by defining an effective emissivity, which was obtained from the emissivity values of the asphalt, walls and roofs of the buildings, and from the proportion of these elements in each pixel. By comparing air temperature values with corrected NOAA data, we have observed that the value of the heat-island effect of the city of Valencia measured from the satellite is 1–2 °C higher than the value obtained along the transects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00867455
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