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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food process engineering 15 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1745-4530
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Four different methods of oven roasting beef were studied. Twelve semi-tendinosus muscles were transversely divided, and the 24 subsamples were allocated to 4 cooking methods: High temperature roasting (HTR) with a constant oven temperature of 170C; low temperature roasting (LTR) with a constant oven temperature of 120C; maximum temperature roasting (MTR) with maximally 70C 1 cm below the roast surface and temperature difference roasting (TDR) with constantly 50C between the oven and 1 cm below the roast surface. Quality parameters measured were cooking loss, Warner-Bratzler shear parameters and taste panel ratings.Mean heating times of HTR, LTR, MTR and TDR were 69, 100, 79 and 157 min, respectively. Most of the quality parameters by HTR were significantly poorer as compared with the other methods, while differences between LTR, MTR and TDR were small.Surface heat transfer coefficient was estimated as 14.1 W/m2C. Heating times were predicted with a maximum deviation of 10%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The susceptibility towards development of warmed-over flavour (WOF) was investigated in meat from turkey and chicken breast and thigh, and from pork longissimus dorsi muscle. Ground meat samples from these five sources were heated for 30 min in a water bath at 60, 70 or 80 °C, and the samples were stored at 5 °C for 0–4 days. During storage, WOF was quantified by measurement of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and by sensory evaluations. The increase in TBARS was modelled for each type of meat at the different heating temperatures by a first-order reaction, and it was shown that a common rate constant could be used for all types of meat. The estimated maximum levels of TBARS in meat samples decreased in the following order: turkey thigh 〉 chicken thigh 〉 turkey breast 〉 chicken breast 〉 pork. For each type of meat, the estimated maximum level of TBARS rose when the heating temperature increased in the range 60–80 °C. This temperature effect was particularly obvious for the chicken samples. Thus thigh and breast meat from chicken heated to 60 °C was almost stable against oxidation during storage. Results obtained by measurement of TBARS were in good agreement with the sensory evaluations.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Entwicklung des Aufwärmegeschmacks (WOF) in Brust und Schenkel von Pute und Hähnchen und im Longissimus dorsi vom Schwein wurde untersucht. Fünf Sorten von gehackten Fleischproben wurden in einem Wasserbad bei 60, 70 oder 80 °C aufgewärmt und 0–4 Tage bei 5 °C aufbewahrt. In der Lagerungzeit wurde WOF über Thiobarbitursäure-reaktive Substanzen (TBARS) und sensorische Beurteilungen bestimmt. Die Erhöhung der Mengen von TBARS für eine Fleischsorte bei einer gegebenen Temperatur wurde mit einer mathematischen Funktion 1. Ordnung beschrieben, und eine gemeinsame Reaktionskonstante für alle Fleischsorten gefunden. Die bestimmten Maximumwerte für TBARS waren in fallender Ordnung: Putenschenkel 〉 Hähnchenschenkel 〉 Putenbrust 〉 Hähnchenbrust 〉 Schwein. Für eine gegebene Fleischsorte stiegen die gemessenen Maximumwerte für TBARS mit erhöhten Aufwärmetemperaturen im Bereich von 60–80 °C. Dieser Temperatureffekt war im besonderen für Hähnchenfleisch anzumerken und äußerte sich bei fast unveränderter Oxidationsstabilität in Schenkel und Brustfleisch von Hähnchen, die bei 60 °C aufgewärmt wurden. Die bei den TBARS bestimmten Resultate waren in guter Übereinstimmung mit den sensorischen Beurteilungen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 200 (1995), S. 415-419 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Ground beef was heated to temperatures ranging from 60 to 120 °C and was stored at 5 °C for 0–7 days. The oxidative status of the meat samples was quantified by sensory evaluation and by measurement of thiobarbituricacid-reactive substances (TBARS). A model describing the effect of moderate heating temperatures (60–80 °C) and chill storage time on the development of TBARS has been developed previously, and experiments were conducted to evaluate and extend this model. It was demonstrated that the model could be used for prediction of the individual effects of heating time and heating temperature. The level of TBARS during chill storage almost doubled when the heating temperature increased from 60 °C to 70 °C, but it was unaffected by increasing heating temperatures from 70 °C to 100 °C. Higher heating temperatures caused a remarkable increase in the oxidative stability, TBARS hardly increased during storage after heating to 110 °C or 120 °C. A more elaborate model was developed to describe the effect of heating temperatures in the range of between 60 °C–120 °C on development of TBARS, but the predictive value turned out to be unsatisfactory. The sensory evaluations were highly correlated with TBARS, and the use of TBARS as a measure of warmed-over flavour was verified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 197 (1993), S. 8-13 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The effect of heat-treatment conditions (end-point temperature and rate) on warmed-over flavour (WOF) development in ground beef during aerobic chill storage was examined. Quantification of WOF was determined by extraction of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive substances (TBARS), which were correlated with scores obtained by a sensory panel. The effect of end-point temperature, heating rate and chill-storage time on TBARS is described by a mathematical model based on first-order kinetics. The model predicts increasing levels of TBARS with increasing end-point temperature (60–80° C), increasing heating time and chill-storage time. The model can be used for optimizing processing conditions of heat-treated meat products.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wurde der Einfluß der Aufwärmebedingungen (Endpunkttemperatur und -geschwindigkeit) auf die Entwicklung des Aufwärmgeschmacks (WOF) in gehacktem Rindfleisch bei aerober Kühllagerung untersucht. WOF wurde bei Extraktionsbestimmungen mit Hilfe von Thiobarbitursäure-reaktiven Substanzen (TBARS) bestimmt und mit der sensorischen Beurteilung verglichen. Der Einfluß von Endpunkttemperatur, Aufwärmegeschwindigkeit und Kühllagerung auf TBARS wurden als eine mathematische Funktion (Kinetik 1. Ordnung) beschrieben. Diese Funktion voraussagt erhöhte Mengen von TBARS bei erhöhter Endpunkttemperatur (60–80 °C), Aufwärmezeit und Kühllagerungszeit. Die Funktion kann beim Optimieren von Prozeßbedingungen bei gekochten Fleischprodukten verwendet werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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