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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of two in vivo models for prostate cancer: Orthotopic and intratesticular inoculation of LNCaP or PC-3 cells (2004)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 11 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Background:  The critical events in the clinical course of prostate cancer are the occurrence of metastasis and the induction of the hormone-refractory status of the disease. In order to investigate the factors responsible for these events, we need appropriate in vivo models.Materials and methods:  Orthotopic and intratesticular models were created by the injection of LNCaP cells or PC-3 cells into the prostate or testis of severe combined immunodeficient mice.Results:  LNCaP cells in the intratesticular model showed a higher incidence of tumor formation and lymph node metastasis when compared with those in the orthotopic model, while PC-3 cells were highly tumorigenic and metastastic in both models. A high concentration of androgens might play a role in tumor aggressiveness of LNCaP cells, given that enhanced mRNA expressions of integrin αV and vascular endothelial growth factor was induced by dehydrotestosterone administration in vitro. The high expression of metastasis-related genes, including the urokinase plasminogen activator system, metalloproteinases and vascular endothelial growth factor-C, might be attributed to the high metastatic potential in both models. Interestingly, testicular xenografts of LNCaP cells were able to survive on the subcutis back of castrated male mice as well female mice.Conclusions:  Intratesticular models of prostate cancer appear to be suitable for studying the mechanisms of metastasis and for evaluating various treatment strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2004.00961.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential benefits of combining cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine gene therapy and irradiation for prostate cancer: Experimental study (2002)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 9 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential of combining cytosine deaminase/5-fluorocytosine (CD/5-FC) gene therapy and radiation therapy (either external beam radiation or radioimmunotherapy [RIT]), for the treatment of prostate cancer.Methods: Tumor xenografts of CD-transduced LNCaP cells grown in the testes of severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice were used to evaluate antitumor effect. The mice were injected intraperitoneally with 500 mg/kg of 5-FC, or with 5, 15 or 30 mg/kg of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), for 9 days. The tumors were treated with fractionated radiation at a dose of 1 or 3 Gy/day for 3 days, or I-131 labelled anti-prostate specific antigen (anti-PSA) monoclonal antibody (mAb) administration at a subtherapeutic dose of 20 or 80 µCi. Intratumoral and serum concentrations of 5-FU were measured using high performance liquid chromatography.Results: Mice treated with CD/5-FC gene therapy presented a significant tumor growth inhibition comparable to that obtained with 15 mg/kg, 5-FU systemic administration without marked weight loss. Treatment with CD/5-FC gene therapy resulted in higher tumor but lower serum concentrations of 5-FU than treatment with systemic 5-FU chemotherapy. An additive antitumor effect was obtained when CD/5-FC therapy was combined with 1 Gy irradiation, which by itself did not produce a significant antitumor effect. However, the efficacy of CD/5-FC therapy was not enhanced when combined with RIT, probably due to poor accumulation of the mAb as the tumor/blood ratio never exceeded 1.Conclusion: These findings indicate that CD/5-FC gene therapy for prostate cancer may function with enhanced antitumor effect when combined with external beam radiation. However, combining CD/5-FC gene therapy and RIT using an anti-PSA mAb may not be effective because of insufficient accumulation of the mAb at the target tumors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2002.00513.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro chemosensitivity test for human genito-urinary tumors using collagen gel matrix (2005)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 12 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background:  Although the aim of chemosensitivity tests is to predict the efficacy of anticancer agents for individual patients, no generally accepted assay has been established.Methods:  A chemosensitivity test was conducted for solid tumors with an organ culture system using collagen gel matrix (CGM). Seventy-five samples of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC), 20 of germ cell tumor (GCT) and 13 of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) were used for the chemosensitivity test, and 20 patients were treated with anticancer drugs on the basis of the test results.Results:  Positive rates of anticancer drugs for the 75 TCC samples were 64.9% for carboplatin, 63.4% for cisplatin, 32.1% for etoposide, 19.7% for THP-adriamycin, 16.7% for vinblastine, and 12.3% for methotrexate, indicating that positive rates of the latter three agents consisting of an MVAC regimen were unexpectedly low. The GCT had higher positive rates than the other cancers while RCC had the lowest. In 20 eligible patients (seven patients with bladder tumors and 13 with GCT), the true positive and true negative rates were 42% (5/12) and 75% (6/8), respectively, and the sensitivity and specificity were 71% (5/7) and 46% (6/13), resulting in a 55% (11/20) accurate predictive value.Conclusion:  Although predictive accuracy was moderate when combination chemotherapy was used, information about chemosensitivity may have some beneficial effect on the treatment of patients with invasive bladder cancer or advanced GCT, because insensitive drugs detected by the test could be deleted or replaced with more sensitive ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2004.00985.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Results of conservative treatment of upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma (1999)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 6 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The treatment preserving the kidney for upper urinary tract tumor is still controversial. The indications and results of conservative treatment remain to be elucidated. Experiences of this type of treatment are reported. Methods : Between April 1981 and March 1998, 14 patients with upper urinary tract transitional cell carcinoma were treated with renal preserving methods. Five were elective and nine were imperative cases. Treatments performed were partial nephrectomy, partial ureterctomy with or without adjuvant chemotherapy, endoscopic tumor resection and topical bacillus Calmette-Guerin instillation in one, 10, two and one patient, respectively. Results : Crude and cause-specific 5 year-survival rates were 91.7 and 100%, respectively. Of 14 patients, five had bladder recurrences, but ipsilateral local recurrence developed in only one patient. Two patients died from metastasis of transitional cell carcinoma 61 and 89 months after initial treatment. The lesions of carcinoma in situ were well controlled with topical bacillus Calmette-Guerin therapy. Conclusion : The results of conservative treatment for upper urinary tract tumor were satisfactory and local excision can be indicated for low grade, solitary tumors located in the distal ureter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.00087.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathological effects of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy help predict progression of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy (2003)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 10 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: It is not clear whether pathological changes following neoadjuvant hormonal therapy (NHT) prior to radical prostatectomy have any value as predictors of progression in prostate cancer.Methods: We conducted a study of 100 patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy following NHT. We used the Japanese general rule as the criterion to assess the biochemical recurrence rate and pathological changes after NHT.Results: In terms of preoperative risk factors, the probability of recurrence was significantly higher for patients with more than 20 ng/mL of pretreatment serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and/or a Gleason score of 7 or higher for biopsy specimens. We defined these pretreatment findings as high-risk factors. Among 65 patients with high-risk factors, patients with a post-NHT pathological effect of grade 3 according to the Japanese general rule showed no recurrence, whereas patients with a grade 0 had a poor prognosis. Patients with a PSA nadir 0.5 ng/mL or less tended to have a better prognosis.Conclusion: Despite preoperative high-risk factors, patients showing good pathological effects after NHT tend to have a favorable prognosis after radical prostatectomy. Therefore; assessment of the pathological effects of NHT using the Japanese general rule as the criterion proved to be useful for the prediction of biochemical recurrence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2003.00640.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-dose chemotherapy with peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for advanced testicular cancer (2002)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 9 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background : The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of high-dose chemotherapy (HDCT) for the treatment of patients with advanced testicular cancer.〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉 Methods :Fourteen patients were treated with high-dose carboplatin, etoposide and cyclophosphamide (with or without THP-adriamycin) followed by peripheral blood stem cell transplantation. The treatment was used for two refractory cases, a second relapse, and for consolidation after the first relapse in one case each. It was also used for nine cases as part of the first-line treatment following primary conventional-dose chemotherapy, and for one case as the first salvage for a late recurrent tumor of teratoma with malignant transformation.〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉 Results :The first two patients who received intensive pretreatment with cisplatin-based chemotherapy did not respond to HDCT. The two patients who were treated with HDCT as the first or second salvage therapy achieved successful outcomes. The results for the subsequent nine patients (consisting of two with stage IIIC, five with IIIB2, one with IIB, and one extragonadal seminoma) were two progressive disease, three no change and four partial remission. Only three are alive with NED following salvage surgery. Finally, a case of teratoma with malignant transformation did not respond well to two cycles of HDCT. There were no marked adverse reactions except one episode of severe neutropenic colitis.〈section xml:id="abs1-4"〉〈title type="main"〉 Conclusions :The results demonstrated the limited efficacy of HDCT even in cases with a good to intermediate risk rating according to classification by the International Germ Cell Cancer Collaborative Group. Because treatment for relapse after HDCT is extremely difficult, new HDCT regimens consisting of drugs that are not used in induction chemotherapy need to be established.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2002.00438.x
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