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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 150 (1968), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Electrolyte and water balance studies have been carried out on 20 patients with total body surface burns ranging from 15 to 85%. All patients were treated with 0.5% aqueous AgNo3 applied directly and continuously to the burn wound. The balance studies showed that the loss of Na through the burn wound was directly related to the square area of burn surface and was constant from day to day. Based on this steady and predictable loss of Na in the uninfected burn, a formula has been derived predicting the daily Na replacement necessary to cover the obligatory loss via the burn wound plus the requirements of normal metabolism. This formula has provided an accurate prediction of daily Na requirements in the treatment of thermal burns of widely varying extent, in patients of widely different ages, as judged by water and electrolyte balance studies.The formula provides a useful guide to the level of Na replacement required. Exact tailoring must be carried out to fit the needs of each patient. The direct monitoring of the accuracy of Na replacement by way of the serum Na level has been found cumbersome but intermittently necessary. In the burn patient in metabolic balance and taking a reasonable diet, the level of urinary excretion of Na has been found to be an accurate prediction of serum Na level. A urinary excretion of 40 mEq of Na per liter or above has uniformly reflected a normal serum Na level. The urinary Na has been used as an indicator of accurate replacement therapy replacing the majority of serum Na determinations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 356-358 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A spatial stability analysis is performed to determine the effect of wall placement on instability waves in confined supersonic shear layers. It is shown that the growth rates of Kelvin–Helmholtz instability waves are independent of wall height. However, supersonic instability waves are found to exhibit peaks and valleys in their growth rate curve as a result of the reinforcement and cancellation of the reflected Mach waves at the shear layer. Finally, it is shown how the instability growth rates in a ducted shear layer may be maximized by the proper choice of the duct width to height ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2303
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Introduction
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 4 (1986), S. 119-145 
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Anti-CD4 monoclonal antibodies are potential therapeutic agents for the prevention of autoimmune disease and treatment of rejection after organ transplantation and are capable of both restoring tolerance to self-antigens and inducing tolerance to antigens introduced under the cover of the antibody therapy in vivo. Tolerance to donor alloantigens can be induced in vivo by administering donor alloantigen in combination with either depleting (YTA 3.1) or nondepleting (YTS 177) anti-CD4, 28 days before heart transplantation in the mouse. The effect of anti-CD4 on proximal T-cell receptor (TCR) signalling pathways and proliferation was investigated in vitro and in vivo in the presence and absence of YTA 3.1 or YTS 177. Anti-CD4 was found to perturb proximal signalling events upon TCR/CD3 ligation, resulting in reduced tyrosine phosphorylation of Zap-70 and LAT (linker for activation of T cells) and reduced association of tyrosine-phosphorylated LAT with lck. This ultimately resulted in severely reduced proliferation of the responding CD4+ T cells. The signalling profile of the anti-CD4-treated cells resembled that of anergic T cells. This could be a result of a common mechanism involving perturbation in the formation of the central supramolecular activation cluster of the immunological synapse by impaired recruitment of CD4 and CD28, thereby resulting in severely reduced lck activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 10 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Some 103 patients with asthma and 100 healthy volunteers have been typed for HLA-A, B and C and HLA-DR antigens. The 103 patients consisted of thirty-three with intrinsic asthma, thirty-four with extrinsic asthma, and thirty-six known to have precipitins to Aspergillus fumigatus. No increase in frequency of any of the A, B, C, or DR antigens was found to be significant after correction for the number of comparisons was made. However certain trends comparable to findings in other immunopathic disorders were noted. For example B12 was increased in the allergic asthmatics (46 vs 29% controls) and it is suggested that B12 is associated with the ability to produce the IgE antibodies. A3/B7/DRw2 (which are in linkage disequilibrium) all show a decreased frequency in intrinsic asthma (24, 12 and 9%vs 32, 26 and 24% respectively in controls). Finally B8 and DRw3, which showed a moderate increase in frequency in all three groups of asthmatics, were found in five of seven patients with low atopy but persisting antibodies to A. fumigatus. Further detailed studies of these asthmatic subgroups is warranted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 12 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Twenty-three patients with extrinsic allergic alveolitis due to an allergy to inhaled budgerigar serum protein (budgerigar fancier's lung disease) were typed for HLA-A, B, C and HLA-DR antigens. Antigen frequencies were compared with those found in 154 healthy control subjects. No statistically significant variation in the frequency of any HLA antigen was detected. Exclusion of two patients who had concurrent coeliac disease, and subdivision of the population into those with acute and chronic disease, failed to reveal any significant association with an HLA specificity. A non-significant increase in B8-DR3 amongst the patients with acute disease was noted. Possible reasons for the apparent HLA associations previously reported by others for extrinsic allergic alveolitis are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Immunological reviews 77 (1984), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 8 (1984), S. 230-235 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La cyclosporine est un puissant agent immunosuppresseur, de structure cyclique, constitué de 11 acides aminés hydrophobes. C'est dans les hétérogreffes de rein ou de coeur qu'elle a fait la preuve de son efficacité remarquable. Dans les hétérogreffes de pancréas ou d'îlots chez l'animal, la cyclosporine est loin d'atteindre la même efficacité que pour les autres greffes tissulaires. Lors des transplantations de tissu pancréatique chez l'homme, l'association cyclosporine plus corticoïdes donne des résultats voisins de ceux obtenus avec l'association azathioprine plus corticoïdes. L'un des problèmes tient sans doute à la difficulté d'identifier les épisodes de rejet aigu dans les greffes pancréatiques, ce qui rend difficile pour le pancréas le type d'études qui ont été réalisées sur les greffes rénales et cardiaques. La place de la cyclosporine dans la transplantation pancréatique reste à préciser à ce jour.
    Abstract: Resumen La ciclosporina es un agente inmunosupresor potente que consiste de once aminoácidos hidrofóbicos en una estructura cíclica. La eficacia de este agente inmunosupresor ha sido demostrado en aloinjertos renales y cardiacos en animales. Sin embargo, en investigaciones de aloinjertos de islotes pancreáticos en animales, resultados similares a los demostrados en otros tejidos no han sido confirmados. El uso de la ciclosporina y prednisona en transplante de tejido pancreático ha dado resultados similares a los obtenidos con el uso de la prednisona y azatioprina. La dificultad en la identificación temprana del rechazo agudo hace difícil comparar el uso de este agente en aloinjertos de islotes con los resultados en aloinjertos renales y cardiacos. La utilidad de la ciclosporina en el transplante pancreático no esta todaviá debidamente definida.
    Notes: Abstract A variety of experiments have thus far shown cyclosporine to be not nearly as successful in preventing rejection of pancreas allografts (islets, fetal, vascularized segmental) in experimental animals as it is with other tissues. Clinical experience has also been relatively disappointing, although surgeons at most centers have the impression that it is marginally better than azathioprine and steroids. The role of cyclosporine in pancreas transplantation, and indeed the place of pancreas transplantation, remains uncertain at this time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Transplant international 2 (1989), S. 123-128 
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Kidney biopsy ; HLA-class II expression ; in kidney biopsies ; Cyclosporin nephrotoxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Differentiation of cyclosporin nephrotoxicity from renal allograft rejection is often difficult. Induction of tubular HLA-class II antigens and elevated levels of leucocyte infiltration are associated with allograft rejection but their association with cyclosporin nephrotoxicity is unclear. In order to determine these relationships, transplant biopsies (n=32) from patients considered to have cyclosporin nephrotoxicity, allograft rejection or stable graft function were stained with monoclonal antibodies specific for HLA-class II antigens and infiltrating leucocytes. Leucocyte infiltration was elevated during rejection but not in cyclosporin nephrotoxicity or stable graft function. While HLA-class II antigen expression was induced in 71% of the biopsies obtained during clinical rejection, no increased expression was found in the other 29%. Induced antigens were detected in five of the nine biopsies obtained in the presence of cyclosporin nephrotoxicity 90 days after transplantation. In four of these, induction was attributed to prolongation of increased class II expression following previous rejection episodes. Thus, the presence of induced class II antigens in the renal allograft does not exclude a diagnosis of cyclosporin nephrotoxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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