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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 144 (1993), S. 113-140 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The problem of physical relationships between different active regions has been dealt with only rarely and mainly in connection with flares. How sympathetic activity can be triggered between distant regions is therefore, so far, largely unknown. Soft X-ray images of large-scale coronal structures connecting different active regions were obtained by Skylab nearly 20 years ago, while SMM, more recently, did not provide any clear evidence for this kind of loop. As a consequence, we do not know how common these features are nor how they form nor whether they represent the only means by which distant active regions may be linked. In the latter case, however, interconnecting loops should be detected by analyzing the interaction between different active regions. We examine here a set of images of an active region complex, acquired on June 24-25, 1980, by the Hard X-ray Imaging Spectrometer on SMM, with the purpose of establishing whether there was any interplay between the frequent activity observed at different sites in the activity center and, in such a case, how the interaction was established. By analyzing both quiet and active orbits we show that, as a rule, activity originating in one region triggers the other region's activity. However, we find little unambiguous evidence for the presence of large-scale interconnecting loops. A comparison of X-ray images with magnetic field observations suggested that we interpret the active region behavior in terms of the interaction between different loop systems, in a scenario quite analogous to the interacting bipole representation of individual flares. We conclude that active region interplay provides an easily observable case to study the time-dependent topology and the mechanisms for the spreading of activity in transient events over all energy scales.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Simultaneous observations of a solar limb flare in the X-ray and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum are presented. Temporal and spectral X-ray observations were obtained for the 25–300 keV range while temporal, spectral, and spatial X-ray observations were obtained for the 30–0.3 keV range. The ultraviolet observations were images with a 10″ spatial resolution in the lines of O v (T e ∼ 2.5 × 105 K) and Fe xxi (T e ∼ 1.1 × 107 K). The hard X-ray and O v data indicate that the impulsive phase began in the photosphere or chromosphere and continued for several minutes as material was ejected into the corona. Impulsive excitation was observed up to 30 000 km above the solar surface at specific points in the flare loop. The Fe xxi observations indicate a preheating before the impulsive phase and showed the formation of hot post-flare loops. This later formation was confirmed by soft X-ray observations. These observations provide limitations for current flare models and will provide the data needed for initial conditions in modeling the concurrent coronal transient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 98 (1985), S. 255-266 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The continuum emission of an X1 flare on 26 March, 1970 observed close to the solar limb (N 05 E 64) was analyzed by a photometric determination of the contrast ΔI(λ)/I 0(λ) in the wavelength range 3558–5920 Å. Two possible mechanisms for the emission were investigated, namely hydrogen Paschen and H− continua. We show the unlikeness of the Paschen possibility and derive strong constraints on the temperature structure and energy deposition mechanism imposed by the H− continuum process. We conclude that the emission must have originated in deep atmospheric layers. The relevance of this result with respect to flare energy release and transport processes is also discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract During the international campaign of June 1991, the active region AR 6659 produced six very large, long-duration flares (X10/12) during its passage across the solar disk. We present the characteristics of four of them (June 4, 6, 9, 15). Precise measurements of the spot motions from Debrecen and Tokyo white-light pictures are used to understand the fragmentation of the main sunspot group with time. This fragmentation leads to a continuous restructuring of the magnetic field pattern while rapid changes are evidenced due to fast new flux emergence (magnetograms of MFSC, Huairou). The first process leads to a shearing of the field lines along which there is energy storage; the second one is the trigger which causes the release of energy by creating a complex topology. We conjecture that these two processes with different time scales are relevant to the production of flares.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Team 2 of the Ottawa FLARES 22 Workshop dealt with observational and theoretical aspects of the characteristics and processes of energy release in flares. Main results summarized in this article stress the global character of the flaring phenomenon in active regions, the importance of discontinuities in magnetic connectivity, the role of field-aligned currents in free energy storage, and the fragmentation of energy release in time and space.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 145 (1993), S. 403-406 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 25 (1972), S. 402-412 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A study is presented of the formation of a loop prominence system (LPS) on May 13, 1971. The development of the phenomenon is found to be consistent with the model of Jefferies and Orrall, and was associated with small radio bursts and several kind of SID. From the spectral analysis a temperature of 13200 K has been deduced and a density of hydrogen atoms n(H) ≈ 1010cm-3 estimated. The existence of inclined emissions probably produced by rotatory motions is discussed. From the radio data analysis it was inferred that an impulsive and a thermal component were present; the length of the emitting plasma cloud was found to be about 56000 km. The LPS appeared, in accordance with previous results, in a region producing proton flares.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Observations using the Bent Crystal Spectrometer instrument on the Solar Maximum Mission show that turbulence and blue-shifted motions are characteristic of the soft X-ray plasma during the impulsive phase of flares, and are coincident with the hard X-ray bursts observed by the Hard X-ray Burst Spectrometer. A method for analysing the Ca xix and Fe xxv spectra characteristic of the impulsive phase is presented. Non-thermal widths and blue-shifted components in the spectral lines of Ca xix and Fe xxv indicate the presence of turbulent velocities exceeding 100 km s-1 and upward motions of 300–400 km s-1. The April 10, May 9, and June 29, 1980 flares are studied. Detailed study of the geometry of the region, inferred from the Flat Crystal Spectrometer measurements and the image of the flare detected by the Hard X-ray Imaging Spectrometer, shows that the April 10 flare has two separated footpoints bright in hard X-rays. Plasma heated to temperatures greater than 107 K rises from the footpoints. During the three minutes in which the evaporation process occurs an energy of 3.7 × 1030 ergs is deposited in the loop. At the end of the evaporation process, the total energy observed in the loop reaches its maximum value of 3 × 1030 ergs. This is consistent with the above figures, allowing for loss by radiation and conduction. Thus the energy input due to the blue-shifted plasma flowing into the flaring loop through the footpoints can account for the thermal and turbulent energy accumulated in this region during the impulsive phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We present a detailed analysis of the magnetic topology of AR 2776 together with Hα UV, X-rays, and radio observations of the November 5, 1980 flares in order to understand the role of the active region large-scale topology on the flare process. As at present the coronal magnetic field is modeled by an ensemble of sub-photospheric sources whose positions and intensities are deduced from a least-square fit between the computed and observed longitudinal magnetic fields. Charges and dipole representations are shown to lead to similar modeling of the magnetic topology provided that the number of sources is great enough. However, for AR 2776, departure from a potential field has to be taken into account, therefore a linear force-free field extrapolation is used. The locations of the four bright off-band Hα kernels in quadrupolar active regions have been studied previously. In this new study the active region is bipolar and shows a two-ribbon structure. We show that these two ribbons are a consequence of the bipolar photospheric field (the four kernels of quadrupolar regions merge into two bipolar regions). The two ribbons are found to be located at the intersection of the separatrices with the chromosphere when the shear, deduced from the fibril direction, is taken into account. This study supports the hypothesis that magnetic energy is stored in field-aligned currents and released by magnetic reconnection at the location of the separator, before being transported along field lines to the chromospheric level. It is also possible that part of the magnetic energy could be stored and released on the separatrices. Our study shows that meeting just one of two conditions- the presence of intense coronal currents or of a separator in a magnetic field configuration - is not sufficient for flaring. In order to release the stored energy, the coronal currents need either to be formed along the separatrices or to be transported towards the separator or separatrices. The location of the observed photospheric current concentrations on the computed separatrices supports this view.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Solar physics 79 (1982), S. 399-400 
    ISSN: 1573-093X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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