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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Amikacin ; gentamycin ; netilmicin ; sisomicin ; tobramycin ; kidney damage ; proximal tubule ; cell membrane ; AAP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of the aminoglycosides amikacin, gentamicin, netilmicin sisomicin and tobramycin on the proximal tubule of the human kidney was investigated in 78 healthy subjects. Fifteen adults were each given gentamicin, sisomicin or tobramycin 3 mg/kg bodyweight, 10 subjects received netilmicin 3 mg/kg or amikacin 15 mg/kg additionally seven subjects amikacin 10 mg and six subjects netilmicin 6 mg on three consecutive days. The principal enzyme of the brush border membrane of the proximal tubule, alanine aminopeptidase (AAP), was determined enzymatically and immunologically in 24-hour urines. The effects of the various aminoglycosides on the membranes were different. Less of membrane AAP was greatest after amikacin and was least after tobramycin. There was no difference between gentamicin, netilmicin, and sisomicin, which had an effect intermediate between the other two compounds. The elimination of AAP occurred at intervals whicht might possibly have been caused by impairment of cell cycles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 49 (1971), S. 61-70 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Eine Literaturübersicht stellt das derzeitige Wissen über die Biochemie, Physiologie und Pathophysiologie des Coeruloplasmins dar. Das Verhalten des Coeruloplasmins wurde mit Hilfe der radialen Immunodiffusion bei Normalpersonen sowie bei Frauen unter der Therapie mit Ovulationshemmern, in der Gravidität und nach der Entbindung untersucht. Bei Normalpersonen liegen die Coeruloplasminwerte des Serums bei Männern und Frauen in gleicher Höhe. Unter dem Einfluß von Östrogenen (Ovulationshemmern) steigt die Serumkonzentration im Durchschnitt auf das Doppelte und in der Gravidität bis maximal auf das Dreifache der Norm an. Verlaufsbeobachtungen ergaben bei Normalpersonen nur geringe Schwankungen der Coeruloplasminwerte, nach Einnahme von Östrogenen steigen sie in einem Zeitraum von 3–4 Wochen auf ein erhöhtes Niveau an, das bei gleicher Hormonzufuhr konstant beibehalten wird. Nach Absetzen der Östrogene normalisieren sich die Werte im darauffolgenden Cyclus. Die sehr hohen Coeruloplasminkonzentrationen im Serum während der Gravidität normalisieren sich post partum verzögert erst nach ca. 6 Wochen. Mögliche Ursachen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The knowledge to date in biochemistry, physiology and pathophysiology of Ceruloplasmin is outlined in detail in part 1.—Part 2 describes the action of Ceruloplasmin investigated during pregnancy and after delivery by means of radial immunodiffusion in normal subjects and in women who had been taking contraceptive pills. The serum Ceruloplasmin levels are alike in men and women. Under the influence of estrogens (contraceptives), the serum concentration is approx. two times higher than normal, in pregnancy it attains levels up to maximum three times higher than normal. Only small variations in Ceruloplasmin levels are observed in normal subjects, but within a period of 3 or 4 weeks they increase after the administration of estrogens to levels which remain constant at same doses of hormones. Ceruloplasmin levels return toward normal within the next cycle; the concentration of serum Ceruloplasmin during pregnancy only returns to normal about 6 weeks after delivery.—Possible causes for these findings are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Infection 4 (1976), S. S269 
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Cephacetrile was administered as a rapid infusion to subjects with healthy kidneys in a dose of 8.0 g per day on three consecutive days. The activity of alanine-aminopeptidase, a marker enzyme of the proximal tubule, was determined in the 24-hour urine. In addition, attempts were made to detect this membrane enzyme immunologically in urine concentrates by using brush-border antiserum. In some of the volunteers, a slight increase in activity in the urine was observed during treatment. In these cases, it was possible also to verify by immunological means that this membrane enzyme was eliminated. The values spontaneously returned to normal when the therapy was discontinued. In no case were enzyme values measured which could be regarded as nephrotoxic.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Cephacetril wurde in einer Dosierung von 8,0 g täglich als Kurzinfusion an drei aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen nierengesunden Probanden appliziert. Im 24-Stunden-Harn wurden die Aktivitäten der Alanin-Aminopeptidase, ein Leitenzym des proximalen Tubulus, bestimmt. Außerdem wurde versucht, dieses Membranenzym mit Hilfe eines Bürstensaum-Antiserums in Harnkonzentraten immunologisch nachzuweisen. Bei einem Teil der Probanden kam es unter Therapie zu einem geringen Anstieg der Aktivitäten im Harn. In diesen Fällen konnte auch immunologisch der Nachweis erbracht werden, daß dieses Membranenzym eliminiert wurde. Nach Absetzen der Medikation normalisierten sich diese Werte spontan. Enzymwerte, die als nephrotoxisch anzusehen wären, wurden in keinem Falle gemessen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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