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  • 1
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    Dental Asymmetry as an Indicator of Genetic and Environmental Conditions in Human Populations (1970)
    Baltimore : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Human Biology. 42:4 (1970:Dec.) 626 
    Details
    ISSN: 0018-7143
    Topics: Biology
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:5243-1970-042-04-000006
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Learning impairment induced by lesion of the CA1 field of the primate hippocampus: attempts to ameliorate the impairment by transplantation of fetal CA1 tissue (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 115 (1997), S. 83-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Hippocampus ; Fetal tissue grafts ; Learning ; Memory ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Monkeys with bilateral excitotoxic lesion of the CA1 field of the hippocampus were severely impaired at learning visuospatial conditional tasks. This was not a general spatial impairment, because the animals were not impaired on serial spatial reversal, which requires response flexibility in the spatial domain; they were not impaired at learning to choose the position furthest away from a single stimulus, which requires analysis of spatial layout of the test area, and they were not impaired at discriminating between two patterns that differed only in orientation. CA1-lesioned monkeys were impaired at learning a visuospatial conditional task when trials of the two component types ”if AA go left” and ”if BB go right” were presented according to either a pseudorandom or alternating schedule; but they were not impaired if one component type of trial was presented until three consecutive correct responses were made, followed by the other type of trial, to three consecutive correct responses. In all cases testing continued until a criterion of 27 of 30 consecutive correct responses across both types of trial was achieved. Although this suggests that CA1-lesioned animals are particularly prone to interference effects, they had no difficulty in learning ten concurrent visual discriminations presented against either a uniform background or with each discrimination presented against its own distinctive background, a condition that might reduce interference in unoperated monkeys. Interference following hippocampal damage might occur at a deeper level than stimulus identification such that animals with hippocampal damage may be able to learn about many aspects of different stimuli in parallel but may be unable to learn about multiple related aspects of the same subject matter. Monkeys with grafts of fetal CA1 tissue in the lesioned CA1 field showed significant improvement relative to CA1-lesioned animals on those tasks on which CA1-lesioned animals were impaired, although they remained impaired relative to control animals. This suggests that the grafts had produced some improvement in performance. Grafted monkeys did not differ from unoperated control monkeys or from CA1-lesioned monkeys on those tasks that were not sensitive to CA1 damage. This demonstrates that the grafts did not have an additional deleterious effect on cognitive performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00005688
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of theβ carboline abecarnil with the high pressure neurological syndrome in a primate model (1992)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 109 (1992), S. 163-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: HPNS ; Primates ; Abecarnil ; GABA transmission ; EEG ; Behavioural observations
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The neurophysiological interactions between the high pressure neurological syndrome (HPNS) and a newβ carboline, abecarnil, were studied in the nonhuman primatePapio anubis. Abecarnil is a partial agonist at the benzodiazepine site on the GABA/benzodiazepine receptor. Six animals were exposed on two occasions to pressures of 91 ATA in an environment of helium and oxygen. One exposure was pretreated with a total dose of abecarnil 1.0 mg/kg, the other with an equivalent volume of vehicle. Treatment with abecarnil prevented the severe signs of HPNS occurring between 51 and 91 ATA. Onset pressures of the various signs were unaffected. Some signs, e.g. myoclonus, became more frequent when abecarnil was used. A residual protective effect of abecarnil was present 4 weeks after the dose was given, active at pressures less than 71 ATA. Changes with pressure in the EEG were recorded primarily from the frontal cortex, but were also present in the parietal and occipital areas of the left cortex. Amplitude and frequency spectra were calculated and changes with pressure in the four conventional wavebands, plus two others, analysed. The most striking change was the prevention by abecarnil of the pressure-induced 100% increase in alpha wave amplitude in the frontal region. It is concluded that modulation of GABA transmission is important in controlling the expression of HPNS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245495
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY 100635, ameliorates the cognitive impairment induced by fornix transection in the marmoset (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 127 (1996), S. 245-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Dementia ; Alzheimer's disease ; 5-HT1A ; Acetylcholine ; Fornix ; Marmoset ; Cognition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fornix transection in the marmoset produces a specific pattern of cognitive deficits, notably a lack of ability to recall visuospatial tasks learnt preoperatively, and a deficit in acquiring new visuospatial tasks following transection. Previous work has shown that this learning impairment can be ameliorated by cholinergic agonists, suggesting that it occurs as a consequence of destroying the cholinergic projection from the vertical limb of the diagonal band to the hippocampus which runs through the fornix. We have now shown that this deficit in new learning can be significantly alleviated by the 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY 100635. This result supports the suggestion that 5-HT1A projections are inhibitory on the same target cells for which cholinergic projections are excitatory, and that loss of function in the target cells caused by loss of excitatory tone can be compensated by blockade of inhibitory tone. Since cholinergic loss in the hippocampus (and neocortex) occurs in association with cognitive decline in Alzheimer's disease, these results suggest that 5-HT1A antagonists may have a role in the treatment of some of the cognitive symptoms of dementia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246133
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY 100635, ameliorates the cognitive impairment induced by fornix transection in the marmoset (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 127 (1996), S. 245-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Dementia ; Alzheimer’s disease ; 5-HT1A ; Acetylcholine ; Fornix ; Marmoset ; Cognition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fornix transection in the marmoset produces a specific pattern of cognitive deficits, notably a lack of ability to recall visuospatial tasks learnt preoperatively, and a deficit in acquiring new visuospatial tasks following transection. Previous work has shown that this learning impairment can be ameliorated by cholinergic agonists, suggesting that it occurs as a consequence of destroying the cholinergic projection from the vertical limb of the diagonal band to the hippocampus which runs through the fornix. We have now shown that this deficit in new learning can be significantly alleviated by the 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY 100635. This result supports the suggestion that 5-HT1A projections are inhibitory on the same target cells for which cholinergic projections are excitatory, and that loss of function in the target cells caused by loss of excitatory tone can be compensated by blockade of inhibitory tone. Since cholinergic loss in the hippocampus (and neocortex) occurs in association with cognitive decline in Alzheimer’s disease, these results suggest that 5-HT1A antagonists may have a role in the treatment of some of the cognitive symptoms of dementia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050083
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Logistic regression analysis of twin data: Estimation of parameters of the multifactorial liability-threshold model (1994)
    Springer
    Behavior genetics 24 (1994), S. 229-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-3297
    Keywords: Twins ; logistic regression ; liability-threshold model ; heritability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Psychology
    Notes: Abstract We extend the DeFries-Fulker regression model for the analysis of quantitative twin data to cover binary traits and genetic dominance. In the proposed logistic regression model, the cotwin's trait status,C, is the response variable, while the proband's trait status,P, is a predictor variable coded ask (affected) and 0 (unaffected). Additive genetic effects are modeled by the predictor variablePR, which equalsP for monozygotic (MZ) andP/2 for dizygotic (DZ) twins; and dominant genetic effects, byPD, which equalsP for MZ andP/4 for DZ twins. By setting an appropriate scale forP (i.e., the value ofk), the regression coefficients ofP, PR, andPD are estimates of the proportions of variance in liability due to common family environment, additive genetic effects, and dominant genetic effects, respectively, for a multifactorial liability-threshold model. This model was applied to data on lifetime depression from the Virginia Twin Registry and produced results similar to those from structural equation modeling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01067190
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Naturally occurring and experimentally induced β-amyloid deposits in the brains of marmosets (Callithrix jacchus) (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 107 (2000), S. 799-814 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Keywords: Amyloid ; marmoset ; non-human primate ; Alzheimer's disease ; aging ; senile plaques ; cerebrovascular amyloid.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary. Cerebral β-amyloid occurs in elderly animals of some species and in Alzheimer's disease. Previously, we injected 3 young marmosets intracerebrally with brain tissue from a patient with Alzheimer's disease. Six years later, when the monkeys were middle aged, we found moderate numbers of intracerebral plaques and cerebrovascular deposits containing β-amyloid. We have re-examined these brains and those of 10 other marmosets injected with brain homogenate containing β-amyloid, and have found some β-amyloid in animals injected more than 4 years previously. We have found β-amyloid in 4 of 26 elderly control marmosets, but not in 9 young to middle-aged control marmosets. The β-amyloid found in middle aged marmosets injected with Alzheimer brain tissue was, therefore, not a consequence of their age. Deposits in large cerebral vessels in elderly marmosets, and in marmosets previously injected with brain tissue containing β-amyloid, reacted with antibodies to Aβ and Aβ1-40; plaques and microvessel deposits reacted with antibodies to Aβ and Aβ1-42.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s007020070060
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