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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Action of extracellular divalent cations on native α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA) receptors (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 95 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effects of divalent cations on Ca2+-impermeable containing (GluR2 subunit) MPA receptors of hippocampal pyramidal neurones isolated from rat brain was studied using patch-clamping. Ca2+, Mg2+, Mn2+, Co2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ inhibited currents induced by kainate and glutamate. Inhibition was fast, reversible and voltage independent. The rank order of activities was Ni2+ 〉 Zn2+ 〉 Co2+ 〉 Ca2+ 〉 Mn2+ 〉 Mg2+. Cyclothiazide (0.1 mm) significantly reduced inhibition by divalent cations and 6, 7 dinitroquinoxaline-2.3-dione (DNQX). However, high concentrations of Ni2+ and DNQX inhibited AMPA receptors even in the presence of cyclothiazide. The inhibitory effect of divalent cations as well as DNQX was counteracted by an increase in agonist concentration. In the presence of divalent cations the EC50 values of kainate and glutamate were increased, but the maximal response was not changed. An increase in agonist concentration induced a parallel shift in the concentration–inhibition curve for a divalent cation. These data suggest a competitive-like type of inhibition. However, an increase in agonist concentration reduced the inhibitory action of Ni2+ less than that of DNQX. This gave evidence against direct competition between divalent cations and AMPA receptor agonists. A ‘complex-competition’ hypothesis was proposed to explain the inhibitory action of divalent cations; it is suggested that divalent cations form ion–agonist complexes, which compete with free agonist for agonist-binding sites on AMPA receptors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03533.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional Properties of Postjunctional Membrane (1976)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Pharmacology 16 (1976), S. 161-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-1642
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pa.16.040176.001113
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determinants of trapping block of N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor channels (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 87 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Open channel blockers of NMDA receptors interact with the channel gate in different ways. Compounds like MK-801 and phencyclidine exhibit pronounced trapping block, whereas 9-aminoacridine and tetrapentylammonium cannot be trapped. Some blockers such as memantine and amantadine exhibit intermediate properties, so called ‘partial trapping’. To analyze the determinants of trapping we have synthesized a series of mono- and dicationic derivatives of phenylcyclohexyl. The blocking action of these compounds as well as that of amantadine has been studied on native NMDA receptors of hippocampal pyramidal neurons. Use-dependence and kinetics of the blockade have been analyzed to estimate the degree of trapping. Dimensions of the blocking molecules apparently do not correlate with their trapping. However, the degree of trapping is voltage-dependent and correlates with the kinetics of unblock. For instance, amantadine behaved as non-trapping blocker at positive voltages, but demonstrated significant trapping at negative voltages. The data may be explained by the model in which the NMDA receptor channel has two binding sites: the shallow and deep ones. Binding to the deep but not to the shallow site allows trapping of the blockers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01956.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the possible existence of muscarinic cholinoreceptors on the postsynaptic membrane of the frog muscle (1969)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 25 (1969), S. 606-607 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung An den postsynaptischen Muskelzellmembranen werden Befunde erhoben, welche darauf hinweisen, dass qualitativ keine Differenzierung zwischen muskarin- und nikotinartigen Rezeptoren möglich ist.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01896540
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some characteristics of end-plate potentials after partial blockade by α-bungarotoxin inRana temporaria (1973)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 29 (1973), S. 157-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Nach Behandlung des Sartoriusmuskels von Rana temporaria mit Bu TX wurden die Endplattenpotentiale durch Tubocurarin und Atropin mit unveränderter Wirksamkeit blockiert. Bungarotoxin stabilisiert das Umkehrpotential der Endplatte, welches nachher durch eine Verminderung der äusseren Konzentration von K+ oder durch Atropin nicht mehr verändert werden kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01945446
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Desensitization to Acetylcholine of Frog Tonic Muscle Fibres (1970)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 226 (1970), S. 370-371 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The experiments were performed on single tonic fibres isolated from the ileofibularis muscle of the frog, Rana temporaria, during January and February. The tonic fibres were distinguished by their ability to maintain tension at high external potassium concentrations (for details see ref. 4). The ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/226370a0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different action of atropine and some analogues on the end-plate potentials and induced acetylcholine potentials (1969)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 25 (1969), S. 618-619 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mittels intrazellulärer Mikroelektroden wurde der Einfluss von 7 Tropinestern auf Amplitude und Umkehrpunkt (E r ) der Endplattenpotentiale am M. sartorius des Frosches untersucht. Alle Substanzen erniedrigen die Amplitude und verändern die Form der Endplattenpotentiale, während 3 von ihnen den Umkehrpunkt (E r ) in der Richtung zum Na-Gleichgewicht verschieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01896548
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of Naja toxin blocking effect inRana temporaria (1973)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 29 (1973), S. 158-160 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Abhängigkeit der blockierenden Wirkung des Najatoxins von der Temperatur zeigt, dass es bei seiner Einwirkung auf das cholinergische System nicht zur Bildung einer Ionenbindung kommt. Die Aktivierungsenergie der blockierenden Wirkung des Najatoxins war 3.4 kcal. mol.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01945447
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spontaneous junctional currents inDrosophila muscle fibres: Effects of temperature, membrane potential and ethanol (1979)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 213-214 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Fast, slow and fast multiquantal spontaneous junctional currents were recorded from glutamate sensitive muscle fibres ofDrosophila larvae. Decrease of temperature and hyperpolarization prolonged the time course of fast currents. Ethanol (0.4 M) markedly shortened their duration, whereas several other drugs known to modify the time course of currents at cholinergic synapses were ineffective at this neuromuscular junction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01920623
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual end-plate potentials at the single neuromuscular junction of the adult frog (1977)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 368 (1977), S. 271-273 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: End-plate ; Sartorius muscle ; Mul tiple innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electrophysiological evidence is presented that at least 30 percent of sartorius muscle fibres of adult frogs are innervated by two or more axons at a single end-plate zone. In these fibres, increasing stimulation of the common sartorius nerve led to the appearance of two or more distinct levels of end-plate potentials (e.p.p.) (or currents, measured by the voltage clamp technique). They had an identical time course, reversal potential and delay to nerve stimulation. When the recording microelectrode was moved along the same fibre and reinserted, both components of e.p.p. decreased proportionally. This indicated that both components of e.p.p. originated very closely to each other on the muscle fibre, presumably in one end-plate zone. Many fibres of the sartorius muscle of adult frogs therefore possess polyneural innervation of a single end-plate zone, which is otherwise typical for early stages of ontogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00585207
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