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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Messenger RNA Levels of Chromogranin B, Secretogranin II, and VGF in Rat Brain After AF64A-Induced Septohippocampal Cholinergic Lesions (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 61 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— The mRNA levels of secretogranin II, chromo-granin B, and VGF were compared in brains of control and AF64A-treated rats. This toxin induces specific lesions of the septohippocampal cholinergic pathway. As a consequence of this treatment, the Chromogranin B message was elevated in the dentate gyrus granule cells of the hippocampus. In the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus, a concomitant elevation of the messages of secretogranin II and corticotropin-releasing factor occurred in the parvocellular neurons, and an increase of those of secretogranin II and VGF occurred in a subgroup of magnocellular neurons. Further increases for secretogranin II were seen in the amygdaloid nuclei and the reticular thalamic nuclei and increases for Chromogranin B in the temporal cortex, substantia nigra compacta, and ventral tegmental area. These results indicate that the toxin-induced lesion of the cholinergic pathway innervating the hippocampus apparently leads to the stimulation of several defined groups of neurons that react with an increase in the mRNA levels of their secretory peptides. We suggest that changes in mRNA expression of these peptides are useful parameters for defining neurons under chronic stimulation. Key Words: Secretory peptides—Large dense core vesicles—Corticotropin releasing factor—Septohippocampal cholinergic system—Hippocampus—AF64A.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1993.tb09799.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Large Dense-Core Vesicles in Rat Adrenal After Reserpine: Levels of mRNAs of Soluble and Membrane-Bound: Constituents in Chromaffin and Ganglion Cells Indicate a Biosynthesis of Vesicles with Higher Secretory Quanta (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 62 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Rats were injected with a large dose of reserpine known to stimulate the adrenal medulla. Various times after drug treatment the mRNA levels of several constituents of large dense-core vesicles were determined by northern blot analysis and in situ hybridization. The latter method allowed detection of changes in mRNA levels not only in chromaffin cells, but also in the ganglion cells found in adrenal medulla. Levels of the mRNAs of secretory components of large dense-core vesicles (chromogranins A and B., secretogranin II, VGF, and neuropeptide Y) increased in chromaffin cells by 215–857% after 1–3 days of drug treatment. For partly membrane-bound components (dopamine β-hydroxylase, prohormone convertase 2, carboxypeptidase H., and peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxygenase) the changes ranged from 182 to 315%, whereas for glycoprotein III and for intrinsic membrane proteins (cytochrome b661 and vesicle monoamine transporter 2) no change occurred. In ganglion cells the mRNAs that could be detected for VGF, neuropeptide Y., secretogranin II, carboxypeptidase H., and vesicle monoamine transporter 1 showed an analogous pattern of change, with significant increases for the secretory proteins and no change for the membrane components. From these and previous results we suggest the following concept: Long-lasting stimulation of chromaffin cells or neurons does not induce the biosynthesis of a larger number of vesicles but rather leads to the formation of vesicles containing higher secretory quanta of chromogranins and neuropeptides. Key Words: ChromograninSecretogranin II—Monoamine transporter—Prohormone convertase 2—Carboxypeptidase H—Cytochrome b661-Clusterin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1994.62062448.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hormone Storage Vesicle Proteins (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 733 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb17254.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human and Rat Primary C-Fibre Afferents Store and Release Secretoneurin, a Novel Neuropeptide (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 6 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Secretoneurin is a recently discovered neuropeptide derived from secretogranin II (SgII). Since this peptide could be detected in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord we studied whether it is localized in and released from primary afferent neurons. Secretoneurin was investigated with immunocytochemistry and radioimmunoassay in spinal cord, dorsal root ganglia and peripheral organs. SgII mRNA was determined in dorsal root ganglia. Normal rats and rats pre-treated neonatally with capsaicin to destroy selectively polymodal nociceptive (C-) fibres were used. Slices of dorsal spinal cord were perfused in vitro for release experiments. Immunocytochemistry showed a distinct distribution of secretoneurin-immunoreactivity (IR) in the spinal cord and lower brainstem. A particularly high density of fibres was found in lamina I and outer lamina II of the caudal trigeminal nucleus and of the spinal cord. This distribution was qualitatively identical in rat and human post-mortem tissue. Numerous small diameter and some large dorsal root ganglia neurons were found to contain SgII mRNA. Capsaicin treatment led to a marked depletion of secretoneurin-IR in the substantia gelatinosa, but not in other immunopositive areas of the spinal cord and to a substantial loss of small (〈25 μm) SgII-mRNA-containing dorsal root ganglia neurons. Radioimmunoassay revealed a significant decrease of secretoneurin-IR in the dorsal spinal cord, the trachea, heart and urinary bladder of capsaicin-treated rats. Perfusion of spinal cord slices with capsaicin as well as with 60 mM potassium led to a release of secretoneurin-IR. In conclusion, secretoneurin is a neuropeptide which is stored in and released from capsaicin-sensitive, primary afferent (C-fibre) neurons. It may, therefore, be a novel peptidergic modulator of pain transmission or of C-fibre mediated non-nociceptive information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1994.tb00996.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF STRESS ON SEROTONIN, NOREPINEPHRINE, EPINEPHRINE AND CORTICOSTERONE CONTENTS IN THE SOFT-SHELLED TURTLE (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 18 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Adult soft-shelled turtles were exposed to hyperosmotic and dehydration stresses.2. Acute treatment for 0.5, 1 or 2 h with sodium chloride (3.6%, single intramuscular injection, 2 mL volume) caused depletion of pineal serotonin contents followed by elevation of norepinephrine and epinephrine levels. In addition, it depleted corticosterone and norepinephrine from the adrenal gland.3. The serotonin level also decreased with a concomitant increase of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid but without any discernible change in catecholamine content after chronic treatment with sodium chloride (3.6%, 0.5 mL daily for 7 days).4. Dehydration for 7 days brought about depletion of serotonin and epinephrine levels and elevation of norepinephrine level.5. The findings suggest that hyperosmotic stress has a definite influence on pineal-paraphyseal serotonin, 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid, norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations, and adrenal corticosterone and norepinephrine contents in Lissemys turtles. Dehydration stress also modulates pineal-paraphyseal serotonin, norepinephrine and epinephrine concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1991.tb01386.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF STRESS ON THE CATECHOLAMINE CONTENT OF THE ADRENAL GLAND OF INTACT AND BURSECTOMIZED CHICKS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 17 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. Bursa-intact and bursectomized chicks were exposed to cold–wet immobilization (CWI) stress for 1.5 min. The catecholamines (CA) from the adrenal gland were measured spectrofluorometrically 5, 15, 30 and 60 min after stress.2. In bursa-intact chicks, the CWI stress caused decrease of both norepinephrine and epinephrine from the adrenal glands 5 min after stress. Resynthesis of epinephrine exceeded the control value 30 and 60 min after stress.3. In bursectomized chicks, the CWI stress brought about a decrease of norepinephrine 15 and 30 min and of epinephrine 30 and 60 min after stress.4. The findings suggest that bursa facilitates early (5 min) release of CA and also helps in quick resynthesis of epinephrine during stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.1990.tb01282.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kainic acid seizures in the rat: differential expression of chromogranin A, carboxypeptidase H and peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxigenase in subfields of the hippocampal formation (1993)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 86 (1993), S. 590-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Epilepsy ; Limbic system ; Neuropeptides ; Neuropeptide processing ; Synaptic vesicles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Using in situ hybridization histochemistry concentrations of mRNAs encoding chromogranin A (ChA), carboxypeptidase H (CPH) and peptidylglycine α-amidating monooxigenase (PAM) have been investigated in the hippocampus after kainic acid (KA)-induced limbic seizures in the rat. Increased concentrations (by 150%) of ChA and CPH mRNAs were found in the granule cell layer 24 h after KA injection. At the same time PAM mRNA levels were only slightly elevated (by 50%). Whereas the increases in CPH and PAM transcripts were only transient, ChA mRNA concentrations in the granule cell layer were elevated up to 2 months after the initial seizures. In contrast, in the pyramidal cell layers of all hippocampal subfields (CA1 to CA3) ChA mRNA concentrations were significantly reduced (by 40–70%) 1–60 days after KA. PAM and CPH messages were slightly reduced in the pyramamidal cell layer of CA1 but not in CA2 and CA3. The experiments demonstrate that KA-induced limbic seizures cause sustained changes in the expression of ChA mRNA. At the same time the expression of two enzymes involved in post-translational processing of neuropeptides, PAM and CPH, becomes only transiently altered. Synthesis of ChA may be regulated differently in the strata granulosum and pyramidale during epileptic seizures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294297
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