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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Purification and properties of a phenol oxidase derived from suspension cultures of Mucuna pruriens (1984)
    Springer
    Planta 162 (1984), S. 334-341 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell culture (phenol oxidase) ; L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Mucuna (suspension culture, enzyme) ; Phenol oxidase ; Tyrosinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From cells of Mucuna pruriens, grown in suspension, a monophenol monooxygenase (EC 1.14.18.1) was purified to homogeneity, as deduced from sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme appeared to have a native molecular weight of 90000±5000 dalton, and consisted of two subunits, each of 42000±1000 dalton. High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection for specific measurement of catecholes, was used to determine separately the tyrosinehydroxylating and catecholase activities of the enzyme. For the enzymatic activities, pH optima of, respectively, 7.5 and 5.5–6.5 were found; the effects of some inhibitors on both activities appeared to be different. Michaelis-Menten characteristics for some mono-and o-dihydroxysubstrates were determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396745
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The accumulation and isolation of coniferin from a high-producing cell suspension of Linum flavum L. (1991)
    Springer
    Planta 183 (1991), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Cell culture (coniferin accumulation) ; β-Coniferin ; Glucosidase ; Linum ; 5-Methoxypodophyllotoxin ; Peroxidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cell suspensions of Linum flavum L. contained large amounts (2 g·l−1) of the glucoside coniferin which was accumulated endogenously up to 12.4% on a dryweight basis. Callus material contained 5.6%, while in leaves of in-vitro-grown plantlets, the origin of the callus and suspension cultures, no coniferin could be detected. Leaf, callus and suspension material were compared for metabolite accumulation and associated enzyme activities. High coniferin contents corresponded with low 5-methoxypodophyllotoxin levels. A reciprocal relationship between β-glucosidase (E.C. 3.2.1.21) activity and coniferin accumulation was found. No relationship between peroxidase (E.C. 1.11.1.7) activity and coniferin accumulation or 5-methoxypodophyllotoxin could be demonstrated. Finally, a rapid and effective isolation procedure for coniferin was developed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197563
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The accumulation of podophyllotoxin-β-D-glucoside by cell suspension cultures derived from the conifer Callitris drummondii (1990)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 9 (1990), S. 410-410 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00232411
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of some environmental factors on the production of L-DOPA by alginate-entrapped cells of Mucuna pruriens (1983)
    Springer
    Planta 158 (1983), S. 482-486 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Alginate matrix ; Cell culture (immobilization) ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine ; Mucuna
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In-vitro-grown cells of Mucuna pruriens, immobilized in calcium-alginate gels, were able to transform the precursor L-tyrosine into L-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA). After the immobilization in alginate the plant cells released 90% of the produced L-DOPA into the medium; supplementation of the medium with calcium inhibited both the transformation of L-tyrosine into L-DOPA and the release of L-DOPA into the medium. Continuous illumination of the beads had a slight beneficial effect on the synthesis of L-DOPA. A simple production medium for the transformation of L-tyrosine into L-DOPA was designed. This medium contained only sucrose and sodium chloride as osmotic stabilizers, a low concentration of calcium chloride for stabilization of the alginate beads, and L-tyrosine as the precursor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397239
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection and identification ofPodophyllotoxin produced by cell cultures derived from podophyllum hexandrum royle (1989)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 8 (1989), S. 165-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phenylpropanoid derived lignan podophyllotoxin, occurring inPodophyllum species, is used as a starting compound for the chemical synthesis of the antitumour agents etoposide (VP-16-213) and teniposide (VM-26). At present, the availability of this lignan becomes increasingly limited. As an alternative source, cell cultures originating fromPodophyllum hexandrum Royle were initiated. Analysis of the cell extracts using different HPLC systems as well as TLC, indicated the presence of podophyllotoxin. After prepurification of the extracts by means of ITLC, the identity was confirmed by mass spectrometric analysis. Dark-grown cultures accumulated considerable higher amounts of podophyllotoxin in comparison with the light-grown cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00716832
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased podophyllotoxin production in Podophyllum hexandrum cell suspension cultures after feeding coniferyl alcohol as a β-cyclodextrin complex (1990)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 9 (1990), S. 97-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cell suspension cultures, derived from roots of Podophyllum hexandrum Royle (Berberidaceae), accumulate podophyllotoxin. In this study the use of β-cyclodextrin in feeding the poorly water-soluble precursor coniferyl alcohol to these cultures is described. By complexation with β-cyclodextrin, a solution of 3 mM coniferyl alcohol could be fed, resulting in enhanced podophyllotoxin accumulation. The same concentration of non-complexed suspended coniferyl alcohol had only little effect on the podophyllotoxin accumulation. β-Cyclodextrin itself was proven to be non-toxic for the cells. It did not influence the podophyllotoxin content and it was not metabolized or used as a carbon source by the cells. For comparison, coniferin, the water-soluble β-D-glucoside of coniferyl alcohol, was also fed in the same concentration. The effect of coniferin on the podophyllotoxin accumulation was stronger than that of coniferyl alcohol complexed with β-cyclodextrin, but coniferin is not commercially available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231558
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A chemotaxonomical study of someBoraginaceae: pyrrolizidine alkaloids and phenolic compounds (1981)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 137 (1981), S. 127-134 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Boraginaceae ; Pyrrolizidine alkaloids ; phenolic compounds ; chemotaxonomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract By means of thin layer chromatography pyrrolizidine alkaloids and phenolic compounds in some members of the familyBoraginaceae, subfamiliesHeliotropioideae andBoraginoideae, were studied. FromOmphalodes verna a main alkaloid was isolated with an isoretronecanol (or stereoisomeric) nucleus. The chemotaxonomical model ofTétényi forBoraginaceae based on fatty acids is generally supported, but relationships betweenHeliotropioideae andCynoglosseae appear to be closer, suggesting parallel developments from common ancesters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00983210
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alkaloids of theSedum acre-group (Crassulaceae) (1993)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 185 (1993), S. 207-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Crassulaceae ; Sedum acre ; S. samium ; S. litoreum ; S. ser.Alpestria ; Chemotaxonomy ; pyrrolidine alkaloids ; piperidine alkaloids ; evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The 16 species of theSedum acre-group were investigated for the presence of alkaloids. They areS. acre ofS. ser.Acria, S. alpestre, S. annuum, S. apoleipon, S. borissovae, S. euxinum, S. grisebachii, S. laconicum, S. multiceps, S. sexangulare, S. tuberiferum, S. tuberosum, S. ursi, andS. urvillei ofS. ser.Alpestria, S. samium ofS. ser.Samia, andS. litoreum ofS. ser.Litorea. S. acre differs significantly from the other species. It contains sedamine, “hydroxy” sedamine, and a number of 2,6-disubstituted piperidine alkaloids. The leafy parts of the species ofS. ser.Alpestria, S. ser.Samia, andS. ser.Litorea contain 4 piperidine alkaloids which also occur inS. acre, and in addition 4 pyrrolidine alkaloids not present inS. acre. The composition of the alkaloid fraction agrees with the infrageneric classification (series) based on the hybridization patterns of the species (comparia).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00937658
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemotaxonomy of theSymphytum officinale agg. (Boraginaceae) (1989)
    Springer
    Plant systematics and evolution 167 (1989), S. 113-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1615-6110
    Keywords: Angiosperms ; Boraginaceae ; Symphytum ; S. officinale agg. ; Chemotaxonomy ; pyrrolizidine alkaloids ; isobauerenol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In a chemotaxonomic study of the genusSymphytum pyrrolizidine alkaloids and triterpenes were used as chemotaxonomical markers. A micro-extraction methods was developed for screening compounds of very small pieces of herbarium material. The occurrence of the pyrrolizidine alkaloids symphytine and (acetyl-)lycopsamine is very general forSymphytum taxa. Echimidine is present in someS. officinale L. plants and inS. tanaicense Steven. The triterpene isobauerenol is present inS. officinale, S. bohemicum Schmidt,S. tanaicense and inS. officinale var.lanceolatum Weinm. The chemotaxonomic hypothesis, proposed byGadella and collaborators, based on the presence of the triterpene isobauerenol inS. officinale and its absence inS. asperum Lepech. and the presence of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid echimidine inS. asperum and its absence inS. officinale, can no longer be applied absolutely to theS. officinale species complex. The pyrrolizidine alkaloid and triterpene pattern ofS. officinale (2n = 24) andS. bohemicum (2n = 24) is identical.S. bohemicum is morphologically, cytologically and phytochemically very similar toS. officinale. Furthermore, it readily crosses with the white flowered W. European diploids ofS. officinale. Therefore it seems likely that these two taxa are conspecific.S. tanaicense shows a pyrrolizidine alkaloid and triterpene pattern similar toS. officinale (2n = 40). Also on morphological and cytological grounds they are very similar. It seems highly probable thatS. tanaicense is conspecific withS. officinale (2n = 40) and represents an intraspecific variant only.S. officinale var.lanceolatum contained no pyrrolizidine alkaloids but did contain isobauerenol. This feature points to an origin fromS. officinale.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00936400
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production of the new antimalarial drug artemisinin in shoot cultures of Artemisia annua L. (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 32 (1993), S. 247-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: antimalarial drugs ; Artemisa annua ; artemisinin ; sesquiterpene lactones ; shoot culture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract From aseptically grown Artemisia annua plantlets, shoot cultures were initiated. Using different concentrations of auxine, cytokinine and sucrose, a suitable culture medium was developed, with respect to the growth of the shoots and their artemisinin accumulation. Nitrate concentration and conductivity appeared to be suitable growth parameters. The artemisinin content was measured gas chromatographically. The shoot cultures were maintained in the developed standard medium, consisting of a half concentration of MS-salts with vitamins, 0.2 mg l-1 BAP, 0.05 mg l-1 NAA and 1% sucrose. The growth of the shoots and the artemisinin content remained stable for a longer period. They showed considerable photosynthetic activity and generally contained ca. 0.08% artemisinin on a dry weight basis. The highest artemisinin content found was 0.16% in the above mentioned standard medium, but also on the same medium with 0.5% sucrose. Attempts were made to further improve the artemisinin production by varying the medium composition through addition of gibberellic acid or casein hydroly-state; by omitting plant growth regulators; by precursor feeding, i.e. mevalonic acid; by influencing the biosynthesis routing through inhibition of the sterol synthesis by miconazole, naftifine or terbinafine; by changing gene expression with 5-azacytidine or colchicine; and by elicitation, using cellulase, chitosan, glutathione or nigeran. Enhanced artemisinin production was found with 10 mg l-1 gibberellic acid, 0.5 g l-1 casein hydrolysate, 10 mg l-1 or 20 mg l-1 naftifine. Relative increases of 154%, 169%, 140% and 120% were found, respectively. Other additions caused the growth to cease and the artemisinin contents to drop.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029850
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