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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF DRUGS ON THE MAMMALIAN CONCEPTUS (1965)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 123 (1965), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1965.tb12264.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restimulation of PPD-stimulated Lymphocytes: Decreased Responsiveness of Prestimulated Cells to a Second Challenge with PPD and PHA (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 9 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Lymphocytes stimulated with purified protein derivative (PPD) were inhibited in their response to a second stimulation with PPD or phytohaemagglutinin (PHA). The degree of inhibition was related to the PPD concentration during prestimulalion, the dose-response curve for inhibition resembling very much that of stimulation. The decreased reactivity was neither due to a toxic effect of PPD nor to altered proliferation kinetics of the prestimulated cells. Lymphocytes preincubated for 6 h or 16 days with PPD were equally refractory, and the non-reactivity persisted even if the cells were incubated without stimulant for 1 week or more. The prestimulated cells were able to suppress the PHA stimulation of fresh lymphocytes. These results indicate that the decreased reactivity of the prestimulated lymphocytes is due to the action of suppressor lymphocytes, generated during the primary stimulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1979.tb02699.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative stability of trimmed sums (1984)
    Springer
    Probability theory and related fields 66 (1984), S. 61-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2064
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary This paper gives extensions of Mori's strong law for (r) S n =S n −X n (1)} ...−X n (r) , where S n =X1+X2+...+X n ,X i are iidrv's and (X i n ()) is (X i ) arranged in decreasing order of absolute magnitude. The methods differ from Mori's. Continuity of the distribution of the X i is assumed throughout. Necessary and sufficient conditions for relative stability ((r) S n /B n →±1 a.s. for some B n ), including a generalised condition of Spitzer's and a dominated ergodic theorem, are proved. A one-sided version of the relative stability results is also given. A theorem of Kesten's is generalised to show that if ((r) S n −A n )/B n is bounded almost surely for constants A n ,B n ↑ +∞ then $$(^{(r)} s_n - \alpha _n )/B_n \xrightarrow{P}0$$ for some α n . A corollary to this is that if ¦ (r) S n ¦/B n is bounded away from 0 and +∞ a.s. then (r) S n is relatively stable. This generalises a result of Chow and Robbins, apart from the continuity assumption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00532796
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two renewal theorems for general random walks tending to infinity (1996)
    Springer
    Probability theory and related fields 106 (1996), S. 1-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2064
    Keywords: Mathematics Subject classification (1991): 60K05 ; 60J15 ; 60F15 ; 60G40 ; 60G50
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of moments of the first passage time of a random walk S n into [x, ∞) for fixed x≧ 0, and the last exit time of the walk from (−∞, x], are given under the condition that S n →∞ a.s. The methods, which are quite different from those applied in the previously studied case of a positive mean for the increments of S n , are further developed to obtain the “order of magnitude” as x→∞ of the moments of the first passage and last exit times, when these are finite. A number of other conditions of interest in renewal theory are also discussed, and some results for the first time for which the random walk remains above the level x on K consecutive occasions, which has applications in option pricing, are given.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004400050056
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relative stability and the strong law of large numbers (1978)
    Springer
    Probability theory and related fields 43 (1978), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2064
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary LetX 1,X 2,..., be i.i.d. random variables andS n=X 1+X 2+⋯. +X n. In this paper we simplify Rogozin's condition forS n/B n $$\xrightarrow{p}$$ ±1for someB n→+∞, which generalises Hinčin's condition for relative stability ofS n. We also consider convergence of subsequences ofS n/B n. As an application of our methods, we extend a result of Chow and Robbins to show thatS n/B n→±1 a.s. for someB n→ + ∞ if and only if 0〈¦EX¦≦E¦X¦〈+ ∞.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00668456
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Post-antibiotic effect of beta-lactam antibiotics on gram-negative bacteria in relation to morphology, initial killing and MIC (1991)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 10 (1991), S. 927-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The in vitro post-antibiotic effect (PAE) of cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and imipenem on reference strains ofEscherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa andSerratia marcescens were evaluated by bioluminescence assay of bacterial ATP. In parallel with the PAE determination, initial killing and morphology studies were performed. Imipenem produced〉1 h PAE on all strains tested, cefepime and cefotaxime on four strains and ceftazidime only on one of the strains tested. The length of the PAE on different strains did not correlate in the same way to MIC. Imipenem induced〉1 h PAE at 1/4-2 MIC while the cephalosporins caused〉1 h PAE at 4−256 × MIC. A PAE exceeding 1.2 h was seen concomitantly with spheroplasts but there was not necessarily strong (≥99 %) initial killing at the same time. The PAE duration at≥99 % initial killing varied between 2.0 h and 5.0 h. When the cephalosporins produced〈1 h PAEs, this was seen concomitantly with production of filaments and weak initial killing. The bioluminescence method was not jeopardized by filament formation and no negative PAE was found in contrast to the viable count method. The study showed that neither a certain multiple of MIC, the presence of spheroplasts nor strong initial killing can predict the length of PAE for β-lactam antibiotics on gram-negative bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02005446
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Random Walks Crossing High Level Curved Boundaries (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of theoretical probability 11 (1998), S. 1019-1074 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9230
    Keywords: Random walks ; first passage times ; boundary crossing probabilities ; sequential analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Let }S n} be a random walk, generated by i.i.d. increments X i which drifts weakly to ∞ in the sense that $$S_n \xrightarrow{P}\infty$$ as n→ ∞. Suppose k≥0, k≠1, and E|X 1|1k = ∞ if k〉1. Then we show that the probability that S. crosses the curve n↦an K before it crosses the curve n ↦ −an k tends to 1 as a → ∞. This intuitively plausible result is not true for k = 1, however, and for 1/2 〈k〈1, the converse results are not true in general, either. More general boundaries g(n) than g(n) = n k are also considered, and we also prove similar results for first passages out of regions like { (n, y): n≥1, |y| ≤ (a + n) k } as a→ ∞.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022621016708
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asymptotic Properties of a Class of Mixture Models for Failure Data: The Interior and Boundary Cases (1998)
    Springer
    Annals of the Institute of Statistical Mathematics 50 (1998), S. 627-653 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9052
    Keywords: Censored survival data ; immune proportion ; covariates ; mixture models ; failure time data ; exponential family ; boundary hypothesis tests
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract We analyse an exponential family of distributions which generalises the exponential distribution for censored failure time data, analogous to the way in which the class of generalised linear models generalises the normal distribution. The parameter of the distribution depends on a linear combination of covariates via a possibly nonlinear link function, and we allow another level of heterogeneity: the data may contain "immune" individuals who are not subject to failure. Thus the data is modelled by a mixture of a distribution from the exponential family and a "mass at infinity" representing individuals who never fail. Our results include large sample distributions for parameter estimators and for hypothesis test statistics obtained by maximising the likelihood of a sample. The asymptotic distribution of the likelihood ratio test statistic for the hypothesis that there are no immunes present in the population is shown to be "non-standard"; it is a 50-50 mixture of a chi-squared distribution on 1 degree of freedom and a point mass at 0. Our analysis clearly shows how "negligibility" of individual covariate values and "sufficient followup" conditions are required for the asymptotic properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003704728573
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimating the numbers of prison terms in criminal careers from one-step probabilities of recidivism (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of quantitative criminology 7 (1991), S. 275-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7799
    Keywords: recidivism probabilities ; criminal careers ; failure distributions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Law
    Notes: Abstract A method of using estimates of “one-step” probabilities of recidivism, i.e., conditional probabilities of individuals returning to prison for the jth time given release for the (j-1)st time, to estimate the numbers of prison terms expected to be accumulated by the individuals, is presented. The method is illustrated by calculating the expected numbers of prison terms separately for racial and gender groups in a large data base of Western Australian prisoners. The recidivism probabilities for these data were estimated by fitting Weibull “mixture” models to the (possibly censored) times to recidivate. The probabilities increase strongly asj increases from 1 to 6, then level off. Large differences between them are due to racial and gender group and these are reflected in the differing expected prison career durations for these groups. The effect of interventions which might lower recidivism is discussed in the light of the method as applied to these estimates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01063234
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