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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microscopical studies of resistance to powdery mildew disease in the hop cultivar Wye Target (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 36 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Microscopical studies of fungal development and host responses during infection of the hop cultivars Northern Brewer (susceptible) and Wye Target (resistant) with a Zenith isolate of Sphaerotheca humuli are described. Resistance to powdery mildew disease in cv. Wye Target is principally determined by the R2 major gene. Fungal growth was typically restricted in cv. Wye Target following formation of a single haustorial initial or haustorium which failed to develop the characteristic lobes found in susceptible cells. The hypersensitive reaction of penetrated epidermal cells was associated with death of haustorial initials but the associated appressorium remained alive during the first 2 days after inoculation. In leaves expressing resistance, histochemical staining revealed deposition of lignin-like material and callose in penetrated cells and to a lesser extent in underlying palisade mesophyll cells. Transmission electron microscopy and enzymic digestion clearly demonstrated extensive paramural deposition of β-1.3 glucans (callose) in reacting mesophyll cells. Plant cell death, lignification and widespread callose deposition were rarely observed at infection sites in cv. Northern Brewer but collars of callose were deposited around the necks of all haustoria formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1987.tb02173.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cause of smoulder and the infection of narcissus by species of Botrytis (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 31 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Cultures of Botrytis isolated from narcissus were readily identified from their sclerotial characteristics on potato dextrose agar. B. narcissicola was isolated most frequently from typical smoulder symptoms. Infection of narcissus by isolates of B. narcissicola and B. cinerea was investigated using conidial and mycelial inocula on detached leaves and bulb scales. Only mycelial inocula of B. narcissicola isolates consistently caused spreading lesions. Conidial inocula of both species typically failed to colonise healthy narcissus tissue when inoculated in sterile distilled water but B. narcissicola caused some spreading lesions after tissue damage, in senescent tissue, or following the addition of certain nutrients (including pollen) to inoculum droplets. Cultivars differed in the resistance of their bulb scales. The specificity of Botrytis-narcissus interactions is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1982.tb02813.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The assessment of partial resistance to powdery mildew disease in hops (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 38 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Progeny comprising 1643 hop seedlings from crosses between eight partially resistant parents were screened under glasshouse conditions for resistance to a single pathotype of Sphaerotheca humuli. Results indicated polygenic inheritance of resistance. Genotypes representative of seedlings with ‘light’, ‘moderate’ and ‘severe’ infection from each family were transplanted to a hop garden where a natural epidemic of an introduced pathotype of powdery mildew developed. There was a significant positive association between amounts of disease on seedlings and on leaves of adult male plants, but no corresponding agreement between amounts of disease on female plants. A weak positive association was found between infection of seedlings in the glasshouse and subsequent cone infection in the field. Estimates of infection on leaves of adult plants and on cones were very closely associated. Partial resistance to powdery mildew was not associated with any deleterious agronomic or brewing quality characters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1989.tb02136.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fungal development and plant response in detached onion, onion bulb scales and leaves inoculated with Botrytis allii, B. cinerea, B. fabae and B. squamosa (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 33 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Fungal development and plant responses were examined in detached leaves and mid-bulb scales of Allumcepa. Following inoculation with suspensions of 105 conidia/ml distilled water Botrytis squamosa consistently produced spreading lesions in leaves and bulb scales. B. allii produced spreading lesions at most sites in bulbs but was very inconsistent in its infection of leaves; lesions were often confined to inoculation sites. Limited lesions were usually produced by B. cinerea but R. fabae failed to produce symptoms at most sites. Extensive colonization by B. allii and B. tauamosa required rapid penetration and totally necrotrophic fungal growth. During development of a spreading lesion, plant cell walls became very swollen around intramural hyphae and wall swelling appeared to precede epidermal cell death. Resistance to colonization was due to poor germination, failure to produce distinct infection hyphae (associated with accumulation of deposits of granular reaction material [RM] in underlying live cells) or restriction of infection ryphae amongst small groups of dead cells (limited lesion formation). Only B. fabae germinated poorly, and germ-tubes produced often failed to attempt penetration but grew over the leaf or bulb scale surface. Reducing numbers of conidia increased the frequency of sites associated with RM accumulation; granular deposits being particularly common at sites inoculated with low numbers of B. allii conidia. Electron microscopy revealed that RM granules were osmiophilic aggregates formed between the plasma membrane and epidermal cell wall. In the absence of RM, growth of avirulent species was restricted within the swollen walls of dead epidermal cells. Results ae compared with those from studies on tulip and broad bean leaves.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1984.tb01335.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of virus infection of faba bean on subsequent infection by Uromyces viciae-fabae (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 35 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Prior infection of faba bean with bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and bean leaf roll virus decreased pustule density on leaves subsequently infected by Uromyces viciae-fabae. Changes were most marked on young leaves showing conspicuous symptoms of systemic virus infection and in plants virus-infected for at least 2-4 weeks. Pustule density progressively decreased when inoculations were made with uredospore generations successively produced on and inoculated to BYMV-infected leaves.Uredospore germination and germ tube length were similar on virus-free and BYMV-infected leaves and on agar seeded with spores produced for one or several generations on BYMV-infected or virus-free plants. Formation of appressoria was slightly reduced on BYMV-infected leaves but changes in the post-penetration development of the rust probably accounted for much of the decreased pustule production encountered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1986.tb02052.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative analysis of powdery mildew development on leaves, seedlings and flower panicles of different genotypes of cashew (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 50 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Resistance of cashew (Anacardium occidentale) genotypes to powdery mildew (Oidium anacardii) was assessed on detached leaves, seedlings and flower panicles. Leaves were more susceptible before the development of a waxy cuticle, which confers a dull appearance. Differences in susceptibility/resistance were observed on detached leaves inoculated in the laboratory. Some genotypes supported dense growth of mildew, whereas on others only slight infection was observed under comparable conditions. Mature leaves were immune to colonization. In the field the rate of mildew infection, as estimated from disease progress curves on both seedlings and flower panicles, varied significantly between genotypes allowing their categorization into susceptible and partially resistant clones. A similar rank order for degree of susceptibility/resistance was determined from studies on detached leaves, seedlings and flower panicles. Brazilian introductions of A. occidentale and the AZA2 and AC6 genotypes proved to be partially resistant, while AM6, ATA19 and AIN62 were highly susceptible. The relationship between leaf and flower mildew infection showed positive and highly significant correlations. It is concluded that each of the three approaches to the assessment of disease susceptibility can be used to screen genotypes against mildew attack. Screening in the laboratory provides a rapid indication of potential resistance providing that leaves are compared at the same stages of maturity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00544.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Variation in the response of cashew genotypes to the targeted application of fungicide to flower panicles for control of powdery mildew disease (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 50 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Application of the fungicide triadimenol (Bayfidan) directly to inflorescences of cashew was investigated as a means of controlling powdery mildew disease caused by Oidium anacardii. Disease development and nut production were studied in 12 cashew genotypes that differed in their susceptibility to mildew. Panicle colonization by O. anacardii reached 100% coverage in all genotypes without fungicide treatment, but rates of infection differed significantly. Triadimenol sprays reduced mildew to less than 9%, even in panicles of highly susceptible genotypes. In the absence of disease, particularly good yield responses with more than nine times more nuts set than untreated controls were achieved by AM6 and AC1, which were categorized as highly susceptible and intermediate, respectively, in reaction to powdery mildew. By contrast, the partially resistant genotypes AZA2 and AC6 both produced yield response ratios of less than 3·0. The targeted treatment of flower panicles to control mildew is recommended, rather than the current practice of wastefully treating whole trees on which all mature leaves are naturally immune to infection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3059.2001.00560.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mode of Action of Pollen in Breaking Resistance of Vicia faba to Botrytis cinerea (1971)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 232 (1971), S. 339-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A suspension of 2 x 106 V. faba pollen grains/ml, of sterile distilled water was frozen at - 20 C, thawed and shaken for 15 min at 21 C. This procedure was repeated and after centri-fugation the supernatant was dialysed for 12 h against sterile water at 5 C. The dialysate was concentrated by rotary ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/232339a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of medicarpin as a phytoalexin in the broad bean plant ( Vicia faba L.) (1976)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 262 (1976), S. 318-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1 Yields of phytoalexins from V. faba pod endocarp tissue bearing limited lesions caused by B. cinerea 4 d after fungal inoculation Phytoalexin Yield (μg per g fresh tissue) Wyerone 217 Wyerone acid 219 Wyerone epoxide 30.7 Medicarpin 19.5 Fig. 1 a, Wyerone acid (R = H); ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/262318a0
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aspects of narcissus smoulder epidemiology (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant pathology 31 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The range of symptoms caused by the narcissus smoulder pathogen Botrytis narcissicola is described. Healthy bulbs inoculated with B. narcissicola, or grown in soil containing sclerotia, showed lesions in the shoot on emergence (primary symptoms). In commercial fields, B. narcissicola was commonly isolated from the bulb neck and leaf sheath of plants with primary symptoms. Plants infected by B. narcissicola one season, either with natural primary symptoms or following artificial inoculation, frequently emerged with smoulder symptoms the following season. About 40% of B. narcissicola sclerotia were viable after burial in soil for 9 months. It is suggested that infected bulbs and sclerotia present in soil are the major sources of smoulder outbreaks. Secondary infection by conidia was enhanced by damaging leaves, and open stalk ends left after flower picking were found to provide an important site for infection development. B. narcissicola was isolated from bulb necks when plants with symptoms of secondary infection had died down, A disease cycle is postulated and suggestions for controlling smoulder are discussed with reference to the cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.1982.tb02818.x
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