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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 51 (1982), S. 139-150 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Styrene ; Polyester industry ; Industrial hygiene ; Urinary metabolites ; Biological limit values
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An industrial hygiene study of 10 glassfiber reinforced polyester plants (including 90 workers) was undertaken to investigate the styrene exposure in this industry and to estimate biological limit values (BLV's) for the urinary metabolites of styrene: mandelic (MA) and phenylglyoxylic acids (PGA). Time weighted average (TWA) styrene exposures were found ranging from 2 to 200 ppm. The urinary elimination of metabolites correlated well with exposure and the BLV's corresponding to an 8-h exposure at 100 ppm were consistent with earlier laboratory findings (end-of-shift sample: MA 1640, PGA 510, MA + PGA 2150; next-morning sample: MA 330, PGA 330, MA + PGA 660 mg/g creat.). Total metabolites (MA + PGA) in the next-morning sample or mandelic acid in the end-of-shift sample are recommended for routine monitoring of exposure to styrene. The study revealed the need for further research on how to reduce styrene exposure in this industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 38 (1993), S. 77-82 
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les DRG (Diagnosis Related Groups) sont souvent utilisés pour standardiser des comparaisons entre variables d'utilisation des soins, telles que les durées de séjour (LOS). De telles comparaisons n'ont de sens que si l'on contrôle l'influence des outliers, c'est à dire d'observations éloignées de la majorité des données. La présence d'outliers a pour effet de diminuer la fiabilité des résumés statistiques habituels tels que moyenne arithméthique et variance. Une procédure communément utilisée est le trimming, le point de trimming étant choisi selon différents critères. Mais sans autres hypothèses, on n'a que peu de bases théoriques sur lesquelles s'appuyer pour comparer ces techniques et en choisir une. Le but de cette étude pilote est d'examiner la possibilité d'utiliser des modèles paramétriques pour décrire les distributions de durées de séjour. Ce n'est que dans ce cadre théorique qu'on pourra développer une procédure d'estimation robuste optimale.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die DRG (Diagnosis Related Groups) werden oft dazu benützt, um den Vergleich von Pflegeleistungen, wie etwa der Hospitalisationsdauer, zu standardisieren. In solchen Vergleichen muss der Einfluss von Ausreissern (d. h. Beobachtungen, die von der Mehrheit der Daten entfernt sind) berücksichtigt werden, da sonst die üblichen statistischen Werte (z. B. Mittelwerte und Abweichungen) unzuverlässig sind. In der Praxis, werden Ausreisser oft aufgrund von empirischen Kriterien ausgeschlossen. Es gibt aber wenige theoretische Grundlagen für solche Verfahren. Ziel dieser Pilotstudie ist die Anwendbarkeit parametrischer Modelle für die Hospitalisationsdauer- und somit die Grundlagen für die Anwendung robuster Verfahren —zu testen.
    Notes: Summary Diagnosis Related Groups (DRG) are frequently used to standardize the comparison of consumption variables, such as length of stay (LOS). In order to be reliable, this comparison must control for the presence of outliers, i.e. values far removed from the pattern set by the majority of the data. Indeed, outliers can distort the usual statistical summaries, such as means and variances. A common practice is to trim LOS values according to various empirical rules, but there is little theoretical support for choosing between alternative procedures. This pilot study explores the possibility of describing LOS distributions with parametric models which provide the necessary framework for the use of robust methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Sozial- und Präventivmedizin 35 (1990), S. 228-230 
    ISSN: 1420-911X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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