Library

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 18 (1986), S. 261-264 
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of ifosfamide (I) were determined in ten patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. In seven patients, doses of 1 and 2 g (I) were given both as a bolus orally and later intravenously and were well tolerated. A further three patients received 5 g (I) as a single oral dose but in two this produced reversible CNS toxicity and severe vomiting. The area under the curve (AUC, μg.h.l-1) for the 1-g dose was the same following oral and i. v. treatment and this was also true for the 2-g doses. There was a proportionate increase in the AUC for the 5-g oral dose, indicating 100% bioavailability at all three dose levels. We conclude that doses up to 2 g by mouth represent a well-tolerated alternative route of administration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 25 (1989), S. 139-142 
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of intravenous ifosfamide were determined in 16 patients with carcinoma of the bronchus. In all 25% (4) of these patients were obese (i.e. 〉20% over their ideal body weight). The terminal elimination half-life (t1/2 β) was found to be higher in the obese group than in the control group (6.36 h, range 5.77–7.45 h) vs 4.95 h, range 1.82–6.48 h( (P〈 0.05). This prolongation of the elimination half-life was due to an increased volume of distribution (Vdβ) in the obese group (42.81 l, range 35.49–51.90 l) vs 33.70 l range (17.76–50.62 l) (P〈0.05). There was therefore no significant difference in total plasma clearance between the obese and normal groups. No correlation of ifosfamide plasma half-life was observed with total body weight (TBW) or ideal body weight (IBW). However, a significant positive correlation was observed between the percentage of IBW and plasma half-life. A strong positive correlation was observed between IBW and the plasma clearance of ifosfamide. The Vdβ correlated with both TBW and the percentage of IBW, but not with IBW itself. When Vdβ was normalised for IBW, there was a strong positive correlation with the percentage of IBW, suggesting that ifosfamide distribution into the TBW is higher than that into the IBW.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: N-nitrosamines ; 3-methyl-1-phenyltriazene ; Mutagenicity ; Carcinogen activating enzymes ; Organotropic carcinogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Rolle einer organspezifischen Freisetzung von alkylierenden Zwischenstufen aus N-Nitrosaminen in bezug auf ihre organotrope, karzinogene Wirkung, wurde anhand von Literaturdaten an 62 N-Nitrosaminen untersucht. Die Fähigkeit verschiedener Gewebe der Ratte, N-Nitrosamine metabolisch zu aktivieren, ließ sich gut mit Organen korrelieren, in denen nach Vergabe der N-Nitrosamine Tumoren erzeugt werden. Ein ähnlicher Zusammenhang wurde beim Karzinogen N-(Acetoxymethyl)-N-methylnitrosamin beobachtet. Diese Nitrosoverbindung wurde durch lösliche Enzyme, die in gleich hoher Aktivität in der Leber, Niere, Milz und im mukösen Gewebe des Dünndarmes vorkommen, in alkylierende und mutagene Zwischenstufen gespalten, wobei wahrscheinlich die gleichen reaktiven Metaboliten freigesetzt werden, wie sie aus dem hepatokarzinogenen N,N-Dimethylnitrosamin durch mikrosomale Enzyme gebildet werden. Im Gegensatz zur letzteren Substanz, induziert jedoch N-(Acetoxy)methyl-N-methylnitrosamin bevorzugt Tumoren im Verdauungstrakt der Ratte. 3,3-Dimethyl-1-phenyltriazen, ein Karzinogen mit neurotroper Wirkung, wird hauptsächlich in der Leber von Nagetieren über eine oxidative N-Monodemethylierung in das karzinogene, direkt mutagene und alkylierende 3-Methyl-1-phenyltriazen überführt, während die Muttersubstanz überwiegend Tumoren außerhalb der Leber induziert. Die Halbwertzeit von 3-Methyl-1-phenyltriazen wurde in vitro bestimmt und für lang genug befunden, um eine Verteilung dieses Metaboliten im Organismus zu erlauben. Nach subkutaner Vergabe von 3-[14C-methyl]-1-phenyltriazen an Ratten wurden alkylierte Nukleinsäurebasen in der Leber und in anderen Geweben, einschließlich im Hirn, einem Zielorgan des karzinogenen 3,3-Dimethyl-1-phenyltriazens, gefunden wurden. Acht Stunden nach Injektion von 3-Methyl-1-phenyltriazen in Ratten, wurde das O 6 ∶ N 7-Methylguanin-Verhältnis am niedrigsten in Nukleinsäuren der Leber, aber am größten in denen des Hirngewebes gefunden. Diese Daten unterstreichen eine möglicherweise determinierende Rolle der Halbwertszeit bestimmter alkylierter DNS-Basen in vivo bei der selektiven Erzeugung von Hirntumoren durch 3,3-Dimethyl-1-phenyltriazen. Die Bedeutung dieser Befunde, im Hinblick auf die Benutzung von Organhomogenaten als Aktivierungsystem in Kurzzeit-Testen zur Erfassung potentieller chemischer Karzinogene, wird diskutiert.
    Notes: Abstract The role of organ-specific, enzymic release of alkylating intermediates in determining which tissue develops a tumour in response to a given N-nitrosamine has been evaluated on the basis of published data on the carcinogenicity of 62 N-nitrosamines that induce tumours in specific tissues in rats. A good correlation was noted between the metabolic capacity for N-nitrosamine activation and the organ in which tumours are induced. A relationship was also noted between the localization of carcinogen activating enzymes in rat tissues and the site at which the tumour developed following administration of N-(acetoxy) methyl-N-methylnitrosamine. This compound was shown to be cleaved by soluble enzymes equally efficiently in various rat tissues, such as liver, kidney, spleen and small intestinal mucosa, to yield the alkylating and mutagenic intermediates which are presumably those also formed from the parent N,N-dimethylnitrosamine by microsomal enzymes. N-(acetoxy)methyl-N-methylnitrosamine causes tumours of the gastrointestinal tract, although the parent N,N-dimethylnitrosamine rarely affects this site in rats. The neurotropic carcinogen 3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyltriazene is known to undergo predominantly in the rodent liver oxidative N-mono-demethylation by microsomal enzymes to yield a carcinogenic, mutagenic, and alkylating intermediate, 3-methyl-1-phenyltriazene; however the parent compound produces extrahepatic tumours exclusively. To explain this alternative model of organ specificity, the half-life of 3-methyl-1-phenyltriazene was measured and found to be long enough to permit its distribution throughout the body. Furthermore, subcutaneous injection of 3-[C14-methyl]-1-phenyltriazene into rats yielded alkylated bases in nucleic acids of hepatic and extrahepatic tissues including brain, the major target organ of the parent compound 3,3-dimethyl-1-phenyltriazene. Eight hours after injection of 3-methyl-1-phenyltriazene the O 6 ∶ N 7-methylguanine ratio was found to be lowest in the liver and highest in the brain, indicating a low rate of O 6-methylguanine excision. Thus, for this carcinogen, the persistence of alkylated DNA bases may be a final determinant in tissue specific induction of tumours. The implications of these data for the use of in vitro metabolic activation systems in short-term tests for detecting potential carcinogens are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Ifosfamide ; Dose fractionation ; Ambulatory pump
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Dose fractionation is known to reduce the toxicity of ifosfamide and also results in an increased production of alkylating metabolites. Administration by slow infusion using the convenience of ambulatory pumps is therefore of interest. We used HPLC to investigate the stability of ifosfamide in aqueous solution (either alone, solution A, or mixed with mesna, solution B) under various conditions over a 9-day period. At both ambient temperature in daylight and 27° C in a dark environment, there was no evidence of ifosfamide decay in either solution. However, at 37° C in a dark environment, a fall was detected in both solutions, which at 9 days amounted to a loss of 7% of the amount of ifosfamide present at time zero. At 70° C, levels of ifosfamide in both solutions fell within 72 h to markedly lower levels than controls, thus confirming that the methods used were indicative of stability. We conclude that ifosfamide, either alone or mixed with mesna, is stable for 9 days at temperatures up to 27° C; even at 37° C, the measured loss is small. The continuous infusion of ifosfamide over 7 days by ambulatory pump is now a practical proposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...