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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative determination of the recombining activities of 60° and screw dislocations in float zone and Czochralski-grown silicon (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 1284-1289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have characterized quantitatively the recombining activities of 60° and screw dislocations by their recombination velocities. This parameter was derived from the diffusion length determined by using the surface photovoltage method. Dislocations were introduced in initially perfect float zone and Czochralski-grown crystals, at different temperatures. The results show that 60° dislocations are much more active than screws, and that the activity increases markedly with oxygen content of the material and with the temperature at which dislocations were introduced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351245
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for a Hyperexcitability State of Staggerer Mutant Mice Macrophages (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 58 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: We recently reported an abnormal production of interleukin-1 (IL-1) in peripheral macrophages of several neurological mutant mice that exhibit patterns of neuronal degeneration, especially in the cerebellum. After in vitro activation by lipopolysaccharide acid (LPS), these macrophages hyperexpress IL-1β mRNA and hyperproduce IL-1 protein in comparison with +/+ controls. In the present study, focused on the staggerer mutant mice, we investigate if this genetic dysregulation is specific for IL-1β or if it reflects a generalized hyperexcitability of these macrophages. The hyperexpression of IL-1β mRNA in sg/sg macrophages is present whatever the duration of LPS stimulation, even for periods as short as 15 min, although it reaches a maximum after 4 h of stimulation. The hyperinducibility of sg/sg macrophages is observed even when very low doses of LPS are used (0.01 μg/ml) and reaches its maximum for 5 μg/ml LPS. Synthetic molecules (muramyl dipeptides), such as N-acetylmuramyl-L-alanyl-D-isoglutamine or murabutide, known as macrophage activators, are also efficient in revealing the cytokine hyperexpression in sg/sg macrophages. In addition, hyperexpression of two other cytokines, i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α and IL-1α mRNAs, is also detected in LPS-stimulated macrophages of mutant mice. Finally, the effect of an inhibitor of protein synthesis, cycloheximide, is similar in +/+ and sg/sg macrophages. As a whole, these data lead us to conclude that the sg/sg macrophages are in a state of general hyperexcitability when compared with +/+ ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb09295.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin-1 Hyperproduction by In Vitro Activated Peripheral Macrophages from Cerebellar Mutant Mice (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 55 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Several mutations in mice produce complex patterns of neuronal degeneration of the cerebellum and of its afferent pathways. In the staggerer (sg/sg) mutant, atrophy of the lymphoid organs and immunological abnormalities have been described. To search for a possible link between the neurological and the immune disorders in this mutant, we studied the production by its peripheral macrophages of interleukin-1 (IL-1), which roles in both immune and nervous systems are well established. Suspensions of peritoneal and/ or spleen macrophages from mutants and their appropriate controls were stimulated in vitro by lipopolysaccharide. Northern and dot blots, performed with murine IL-1 cDNA probes, revealed a clear-cut hyperexpression of IL-1 mRNA in staggerer macrophages. An IL-1 bioassay using the IL-1-responsive D10.G4 cell line also revealed a sixfold increase of IL-1 activity in the macrophage supernatants of staggerer mutant mice. The hyperproduction was found in 3-week to 1-year-old staggerer and also in heterozygous (+/sg) mice. A similar phenomenon existed in cerebellar mutants lurcher, Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd), and to a lesser extent reeler and wobbler, but was absent in the neurological mutants weaver, jimpy, and motor end plate disease (medH). These observations establish that in several point mutations in mice, central nervous degeneration is associated with dysregulation of IL-1 production by peripheral macrophages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb05785.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cell Counts of Purkinje and Inferior Olivary Neurons in the ‘Hyperspiny Purkinje Cells’ Mutant Mouse (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 4 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The mutant mouse ‘hyperspiny Purkinje cells’(hpc) has morphologically abnormal Purkinje cells and below normal intracerebellar calbindin-D28k, a calcium-binding protein that, in the cerebellum, is found only in the Purkinje cells. We counted the Purkinje cells on serial sections stained with thionin or labelled with anti-calbindin-D28k antibodies to investigate whether the depletion of the cerebellar content of calbindin-D28k was correlated with a reduced number of Purkinje cells. We also counted the inferior olivary neurons, as they are one of the major afferents of the Purkinje cells and also contain calbindin-D28k. The hpc mutant mice had 27% fewer cerebellar Purkinje cells and 12% fewer inferior olivary neurons than did controls. Their Purkinje cells were evenly immunostained but slightly atrophic. These data suggest that the depleted cerebellar calbindin-D28k content could be explained both by the loss of some Purkinje cells and the reduced size of the remaining ones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1992.tb00859.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Cerebellar Granule Cell Depletion on Learning of the Equilibrium Behaviour: Study in Postnatally X-irradiated Rats (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 9 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To assess the role of the mossy fibre-granule cell pathway in learning, the cerebellum of young DA/HAN strain rats was irradiated to make the cortex completely or partially agranular. The X-rays were delivered according to two different schedules, between 5–14 postnatal days (early group) and between 10–14 postnatal days (late group). Histological controls at 35 days showed a mean loss of granule cells of 96 ± 1% in the early group and of 61 ± 3% in the late group. The irradiated animals were subjected, from day 23 to day 35, to daily sensorimotor training on a rotorod. The scores and the strategy used (walking or hanging) by the rats were noted. The results demonstrate that a partial loss of granule cells due to a late X-irradiation schedule induced mild motor disabilities but no learning deficit, the only problem being difficulty in elaborating rapidly an efficient strategy to solve a novel problem. A sub-total loss of the granule cells, due to an early X-irradiation schedule, induced gross motor disabilities and the animals used hanging 〉90% of the time. Due to the discrepancy between the learning abilities, which were preserved at least in part, and the gross motor impairments, the animals elaborated a novel strategy (jumping from the beam), allowing them to escape the experimental situation. This avoidance behaviour may be due to a decrease of anxiety, a lack of behavioural inhibition and/or attentional deficits that have been already observed in several other examples of cerebellar abnormalities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.1997.tb01664.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An animal model of autism: behavioural studies in the GS guinea-pig (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Autism is a human behavioural pathology marked by major difficulties in abnormal socialization, language comprehension and stereotypic motor patterns. These behavioural abnormalities have been associated with corticocerebral and cerebellar abnormalities in autistic patients, particularly in vermal folia VI and VII. Progress in understanding this disease has been hindered by the absence of a non-primate animal model. GS guinea-pigs are a partially inbred, non-ataxic guinea-pig strain with cerebellar and corticocerebral abnormalities similar to those reported to exist in human patients with autism. In order to determine if GS guinea-pigs represent an animal model of autism, their behaviour was compared with that of Hartley strain guinea-pigs. GS animals learned a motor task significantly more rapidly than Hartley guinea-pigs, but performed it in a more stereotypic manner and were less influenced by environmental stimuli than Hartleys. GS animals exhibited significantly less exploratory behaviour in a novel environment and were significantly less responsive to 50–95 dBA pure tones than Hartley guinea-pigs. In a social interaction assay, GS guinea-pigs interacted significantly less frequently with each other or with Hartley guinea-pigs than Hartleys did under the same conditions. GS behaviour thus exhibits autistic-like behaviour patterns: motor stereotypy, lack of exploration and response to environment and poor social interaction. Coupled with the neuropathological findings, this abnormal behaviour suggests that GS guinea-pigs could be a useful animal model of autism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00272.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophysiological study of inferior olivary neurons in staggerer mutant mice (1980)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 38 (1980), S. 463-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Inferior olive ; Staggerer mouse ; Electrophysiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Extracellular recordings were obtained from neurons of the dorsal and medial accessory olives (DAO and MAO) in staggerer and normal mice. The anti- and orthodromic responses of these neurons to stimulation of the contralateral cerebellum were very similar in control and staggerer mice. On the other hand, the mean value of the spontaneous discharge of inferior olivary (I.O.) cells was significantly lower and the modal interval of the discharge was significantly shorter in staggerer than in control mice. These results demonstrate that I.O. neurons and climbing fibers are functional in staggerer mice, although their spontaneous discharge is somewhat different from that of I.O. neurons in control mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237527
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetism of Celestial Bodies and Gravitation (1948)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 162 (1948), S. 612-613 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] BLACKETT'S formula1 involving a relation between mechanical and electromagnetic quantities seems to indicate a new kind of connexion between gravitation and electromagnetism. This appears more distinctly in Wilson's relation: ... where the charge density σ is associated with the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/162612a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient synaptic redundancy in the developing cerebellum and isostatic random stacking of hard spheres (1996)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 74 (1996), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract.  We propose an automaton for the simulation of the distribution of the number of climbing fibers (CF) making synapses on each Purkinje cell (PC) at the maximum of the synaptic redundancy that exists transiently in the newborn cerebellum. This automaton is based on the hypothesis that the synaptic maximum is limited by topological constraints and can be described by an isostatic random stacking of hard spheres. There is convincing agreement between the simulated distribution of the number of CF axons per Purkinje cell and the distribution experimentally obtained by electrophysiological techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004220050226
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transient synaptic redundancy in the developing cerebellum and isostatic random stacking of hard spheres (1996)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 74 (1996), S. 139-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We propose an automaton for the simulation of the distribution of the number of climbing fibers (CF) making synapses on each Purkinje cell (PC) at the maximum of the synaptic redundancy that exists transiently in the newborn cerebellum. This automaton is based on the hypothesis that the synaptic maximum is limited by topological constraints and can be described by an isostatic random stacking of hard spheres. There is convincing agreement between the simulated distribution of the number of CF axons per Purkinje cell and the distribution experimentally obtained by electrophysiological techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204202
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