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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Short-pathlength, high-pressure flow cell for static and time-resolved infrared spectroscopy suitable for supercritical fluid solutions including hydrothermal systems (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 1552-1556 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An optical flow cell for high pressures and temperatures is described. The use of a novel window design allows for a precise, fixed optical pathlength that can be varied by use of spacers that range from a few micrometers to several millimeters. The cell pathlength is not affected by changes in pressure or temperature. The novel window design may be applicable to other high-pressure spectroscopic cells. The flow-cell design has a minimal sample dead volume, which is important for kinetic studies. The design eliminates the need for brazing or for a soft-sealing material for the optical windows, thereby minimizing the number of materials in contact with the sample. Using only diamond and platinum or platinum alloys as the corrosion resistant materials, the design is optimized for the study of aqueous solutions at high temperatures. Infrared spectra of an aqueous sodium tungstate solution up to 400 °C and 380 bar pressure are presented. Time-resolved infrared data are also presented for the ultraviolet photolysis reaction of β-naphthoyl azide in supercritical carbon dioxide. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1150493
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of party polarization and postmaterialism on voter turnout (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of political research 18 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-6765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: Abstract. Previous research on voter turnout has concluded that institutional factors such as compulsory voting, registration laws and the degree of disproportionality of the electoral system have a determining impact on the number of people who cast their ballots. This article goes beyond such an institutional explanation. It is hypothesized that a diverse political landscape which offers a great menu of political choices to electors is more likely to have a higher voter turnout than a political system in which the differences between the parties are small. The greater the range of political expression available the more people are stimulated to vote. This study found that countries with a high party polarization have significantly higher turnout rates than countries with a rather narrow political spectrum. In addition, countries in which a ‘postmaterialist party’is present in the national parliament also display significantly higher voter turnout rates than countries which lack such a party. In order to explain the determinants of voter turnout, not only institutional variables but also intrinsically political variables such as the number of parties, the type of parties and party polarization have to be introduced. To solve the puzzle of varying voter turnout rates, ‘politics’has to be brought back in.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1990.tb00228.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constitutional structures and regime performance in 18 industrialized democracies: A test of Olson's hypothesis (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    European journal of political research 29 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-6765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Political Science
    Notes: According to Olson's concept of encompassing organizations, strong two-party, plurality oriented political systems should create more ‘responsible’ public policies than ‘weak’ multi-party governments based on proportional representation. An empirical measure of ‘encompassment’, termed popular cabinet support, is developed and tested in a multivariate controlled statistical analysis of 18 industrialized democracies. While Olson's theoretical concept of encompassing organizations appears to hold, his empirical operationalization, namely, strong two-party systems based on plurality electoral rules, does not. The findings reveal that the alternative measures of ‘encompassment’, popular cabinet support, significantly reduces the rate of unemployment and inflation, indicating that the wider the popular support base of government, the more responsibly these governments behave.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6765.1996.tb00643.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imputed Rent and Income Inequality: A Decomposition Analysis for Great Britain, West Germany and the U.S. (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
    Review of income and wealth 49 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-4991
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This article deals with income advantages derived from owner-occupied housing and their impact on the personal income distribution. Using micro-data from the British Household Panel Study (BHPS), the German Socio-Economic Panel (SOEP), and the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) we find distinct cross-national differences in terms of the prevalence and extent of imputed rent. Results from inequality decomposition analyses show this overall impact to be the net effect of two conflicting changes: On the one hand there is increasing income inequality between the groups of owneroccupiers and renters, respectively, and, on the other hand, we find inequality to be decreasing within the group of those owner-occupiers who own outright. When focussing on imputed rent as a means of old-age provision, our results for all three countries show an income advantage for, as well as a poverty reducing effect among the elderly. The empirical findings support the claim for the need of an improved harmonization of this non-cash income component especially for the purpose of cross-national comparative research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0034-6586.2003.00102.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Actinide—Lanthanide Analogy as Exemplified by Solvent Extraction Behavior (1953)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 75 (1953), S. 6063-6064 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01119a528
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Input and Dynamic Behavior of the Organic Pollutants Tetrachloroethene, Atrazine, and NTA in a Lake: A Study Combining Mathematical Modeling and Field Measurements (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Environmental science & technology 28 (1994), S. 1674-1685 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5851
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es00058a020
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear magnetic resonance probe for supercritical water and aqueous solutions (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probe for high pressure, high temperature studies is presented. While applicable to many physical systems, the device is optimized for the study of the physics and chemistry of supercritical water and its solutions. The design is modular and is particularly simple, using readily available parts and materials. A new approach is presented for elimination of the magnetic field from the heater currents. The probe has been used to 600 °C and 400 bar. The rf performance is quite good; the NMR linewidth is about 0.1 ppm full width at half-height at any pressure and temperature. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1147801
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Learned maintenance of pain: Muscle tension reduces central nervous system processing of painful stimulation in chronic and subchronic pain patients (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing
    Psychophysiology 36 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The effect of level of muscle tension on the perception of painful stimuli was assessed in 13 chronic back pain patients, 14 subjects at high risk for chronic back pain, and 14 matched healthy controls. Subjects received painful intracutaneous electric stimuli to the forearm or the lower back while they produced either high or low muscle tension levels. Visual analog scale (VAS) ratings of acute pain were obtained after each trial. Electroencephalograms, electromyograms, skin conductance levels, and blood pressure were measured during the trials. Although subjective pain ratings were not significantly affected by muscle tension levels, the chronic pain patients displayed elevated N150 and N150/P260 amplitudes of the somatosensory-evoked potentials in the low as compared to the high muscle tension condition. The high risk group showed a trend toward higher N150 amplitudes in the low as compared to the high tension condition. The results of this study partially support the hypothesis that increases in muscle tension might serve as a pain-reducing mechanism in chronic pain patients and those at risk for chronicity, thus leading to a vicious pain-tension cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-8986.3660755
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symptom-Specific Psychophysiological Responses in Chronic Pain Patients. (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Psychophysiology 29 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-8986
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: Symptom-specific psychophysiologiocal responding was assessed in 20 chronic back pain patients, 20 patients suffering from temporomandibular pain and dysfunction, and 20 matched healthy controls. Surface EMG from the lower and upper back, the masseter, and the biceps muscles, and heart rate and skin conductance level were continuously recorded during adaptation, resting baseline, and stressful and neutral imagery phases. Univariate and multivariate analyses of variance were performed on raw data as well as data corrected for autocorrelation. The results showed significantly higher EMG reactivity which was lateralized to the left side at the patients site of pain but not distal sites. This hyperreactivity was observed only during stressful imagery. The healthy controls displayed a significantly higher response in heart rate, but skin conductance level was not significantly different. The results are interpreted as indicative of idiosyncratic muscular response patterns to personally relevant situations at the site of pain in patients suffering from chronic muscular pain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-8986.1992.tb01718.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A shock tube-laser flash photolysis study of the reaction carbonyl sulfide + sulfur .dblharw. carbon monoxide + sulfur dimer (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 97 (1993), S. 9682-9685 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100140a026
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