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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential projections from the anterior and posterior divisions of the accessory olfactory bulb to the medial amygdala in the opossum, Monodelphis domestica (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 11 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The vomeronasal sensory epithelium of mammals contains apical and basal cell populations expressing different G proteins and putative pheromone receptors, which project, respectively, to the anterior and posterior divisions of the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB). In order to analyse whether these segregated pathways are preserved in the connections between the AOB and the amygdala, conjugated dextran-amines were iontophoretically injected into the anterior and posterior divisions of the AOB. We found that efferent projections from both divisions essentially overlap throughout the vomeronasal recipient amygdala. In the medial amygdaloid complex, both divisions project to lamina 1A of layer 1 of the anterodorsal, anteroventral, posterodorsal and posteroventral nuclei. The posterior division alone, however, projects to lamina 1B and layers 2 and 3 of the anterodorsal, anteroventral and posteroventral nuclei. These results constitute a link between molecular, anatomical and functional approaches on the study of the vomeronasal system. Molecular and functional studies support that the two segregated pathways between the vomeronasal organ and the AOB are functionally different. Similarly, the anatomical approaches to the further connections of this system indicate that the medial amygdala possesses ventral and dorsal divisions that are hodologically and functionally different. The present results demonstrate a differential projection from the posterior AOB to the ventral division of the medial amygdala. These findings indicate that the segregated pathways of the vomeronasal system continue to the level of the amygdala, and they provide some clues about the functional implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1999.00797.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reciprocal connections between olfactory structures and the cortex of the rostral superior temporal sulcus in the Macaca fascicularis monkey (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Convergence of sensory modalities in the nonhuman primate cerebral cortex is still poorly understood. We present an anatomical tracing study in which polysensory association cortex located at the fundus and upper bank of the rostral superior temporal sulcus presents reciprocal connections with primary olfactory structures. At the same time, projections from this polysensory area reach multiple primary olfactory centres. Retrograde (Fast Blue) and anterograde (biotinylated dextran–amine and 3H-amino acids) tracers were injected into primary olfactory structures and rostral superior temporal sulcus. Retrograde tracers restricted to the anterior olfactory nucleus resulted in labelled neurons in the rostral portion of the upper bank and fundus of superior temporal sulcus. Injections of biotinylated dextran–amine at the fundus and upper bank of the superior temporal sulcus confirmed this projection by labelling axons in the dorsal and lateral portions of the anterior olfactory nucleus, as well as piriform, periamygdaloid and entorhinal cortices. Retrograde tracer injections at the rostral superior temporal sulcus resulted in neuronal labelling in the anterior olfactory nucleus, piriform, periamygdaloid and entorhinal cortices, thus providing confirmation of the reciprocity between primary olfactory structures and the cortex at the rostral superior temporal sulcus. The reciprocal connections between the rostral part of superior temporal sulcus and primary olfactory structures represent a convergence for olfactory and other sensory modalities at the cortex of the rostral temporal lobe.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04443.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of the reptilian basolateral amygdala: an anatomical investigation of the afferents to the posterior dorsal ventricular ridge of the lizard Podarcis hispanica (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The presence of multimodal association in the telencephalon of reptiles has been investigated by tracing the afferent connections to the posterior dorsal ventricular ridge (PDVR) of the lizard Podarcis hispanica. The PDVR receives telencephalic afferents from the lateral (olfactory) and dorsal cortices, and from the three unimodal areas of the anterior dorsal ventricular ridge, in a convergent manner. From the diencephalon, it receives afferents from the dorsomedial anterior and medial posterior thalamic nuclei, and from several hypothalamic nuclei. Brainstem afferents to the PDVR originate in the dorsal interpeduncular nucleus, the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus and parabrachial nucleus. The afferents to the thalamic nuclei that project to the PDVR have also been studied. The dorsomedial anterior thalamic nucleus receives projections mainly from limbic structures, whereas the medial posterior thalamic nucleus is the target of projections from structures with a clear sensory significance (optic tectum, torus semicircularis, nuclei of the lateral and spinal lemniscus, superior olive and trigeminal complex). As a result, the PDVR appears as an associative centre that receives visual, auditory, somatosensory and olfactory information from several telencephalic and non-telencephalic centres, and a multimodal projection from the medial posterior thalamic nucleus. This pattern of afferents of the PDVR is similar to that of the caudal neostriatum in birds and the basolateral division of the mammalian amygdala. These results indicate that a multimodal amygdala is already present in reptiles, and has probably played a key role in the evolution of the vertebrate brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1460-9568.1998.00363.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclotetraveratrylene and its benzene solvate (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical crystallography 26 (1996), S. 451-456 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8854
    Keywords: Cyclotetraveratrylene ; macrocyles ; bentonite ; clathrates
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The title compound crystallizes in a solvent-free form and also includes solvent molecules. The X-ray structure analysis reveals that in the both crystal forms the cyclododecatetraene ring in the host molecules adopts a “sofa” conformation. The guest molecules occupy the channels formed among columns of stacked host molecules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01668303
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Artificial endosperm of Cleopatra tangerine zygotic embryos: a model for somatic embryo encapsulation (1998)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 54 (1998), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Citrus reshni ; conversion ; germination ; synthetic seed ; zeolite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Synthetic seed technology may be of value in breeding programs and allow the propagation of many elite genotype-derived plants in a short time. In this work, a range of artificial endosperm treatments of Cleopatra tangerine zygotic embryos were evaluated for suitability for encapsulation of somatic embryos. Different complexing ions in the form of alginate capsules, zeolite as an ion exchanger and the relationship between capsule-nutrient gel on germination of zygotic embryos, were evaluated. Artificial endosperm assays showed that abscisic acid (1 μM) and mannitol (0.25 M) delayed germination and conversion of zygotic embryos, whereas amino acid supplements (proline, glutamic acid and arginine) accelerated the conversion process. An artificial endosperm was used to encapsulate somatic and zygotic embryos. After encapsulation, zygotic embryos germinated after four days of culture while somatic embryos germinated asynchronously after 20 days. Somatic embryo-derived plantlets showed greater vigour than zygotic embryo-derived plantlets. Results showed that this artificial endosperm is adequate for Cleopatra tangerine somatic embryo germination and conversion into plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006101714352
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prospective study of renal transplant infections in 50 consecutive patients (1994)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases 13 (1994), S. 1023-1028 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-4373
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A prospective study of the frequency, timing, etiology and risk factors of infections in renal transplant recipients during the first year after transplantation was conducted in 50 consecutive patients. Neither prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole nor antiviral prophylaxis was administered. Two hundred twenty-eight episodes of infection were registered (4.5 per patient), 19 of which were severe. Forty-seven percent of all infectious episodes occurred during the first two months after transplantation. The more frequent infections were bacterial (64 %), viral (22 %) and fungal (11 %).Escherichia coli was the most common agent isolated (n=36), followed by cytomegalovirus (n=32). Urinary tract infections were most common (n=144), especially asymptomatic bacteriuria (n=106). Surgical reintervention and the use of antilymphocytic globulins were associated with a higher frequency of severe infections (p〈0.05), and invasive candidiasis was associated with allograft loss (p〈0.03). Annual survival rates of patients and allografts were 100 % and 94 %, respectively. The frequency of mild infections was higher than that observed in other studies using bacterial or viral prophylaxis. Nevertheless, the number of severe infections and the survival rates of patients and allografts were similar to those reported in previous studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02111821
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